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Condition assessment of aged underground water tanks-Case study
Zafer Sakka,Ali Saleh,Thamer Al-Yaqoub,Hasan Karam,Shaikha AlSanad,Jamal Al-Qazweeni,Mohammad Mosawi,Husain Al-Baghli 국제구조공학회 2024 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.90 No.5
This paper presents the methodology and results for the investigation of the structural safety of 40 aged underground water tanks to support the weight of photovoltaic (PV) systems that were supposed to be placed on their roof reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. The investigation procedure included (1) review of available documents; (2) visual inspection of the roof RC slabs; (3) carrying out a series of nondestructive (ND) tests; and (4) analysis of results. Out of the 40 tanks, eleven failed the visual inspection phase and were discarded from further investigation. The roof RC slabs of the tanks that passed the visual inspection were subjected to a series of ND tests that included infrared thermography, impact echo, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), Schmidt hammer, concrete core compressive strength, and water-soluble chloride content. The NDT results proved that eight more tanks were not suitable to support the PV systems. Based on the results of the visual inspection and testing, a probabilistic decision-making criterion was established to reach a decision regarding the structural integrity of the roof slabs. The study concluded that the condition of the drainage filter was essential in protecting the tanks and its intact presence can be used as a strong indication of the structural integrity of the roof RC slabs.
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Alizadeh Milad,Fazlollahtabar Amin,Hussein Ahmed Kadhim,Ameen Hussein Ali,Ganji D. D.,Biswal Uddhaba,Ali Bagh 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.10
The interaction between the magneto-hydrodynamic buoyant convection and the radiation in a partly heated hexagonal enclosed space filled with SWCNTs/water nanoliquid was inspected in the current work for the first time. The lowermost wall of the enclosed space was partially heated, while the other regions of this wall were presumed thermally insulated. The upper wall was considered insulated also. The four inclined walls of the enclosed space were maintained at a constant cold temperature. A magnetic field with magnitude, Bo is enforced on the enclosed space. The enclosed space was included inside it a concave hexagonal shaped body under three different conditions at its boundary namely (cold, adiabatic and heated). The outcomes of the present work are obtained for diverse Hartmann number, Rayleigh number varied as 104≤Ra≤106, heated region length varied as 0.1≤LT≤0.4, various conditions of the internal hexagonal body (cold, adiabatic and heated), solid volume fraction diverse as 0≤φ≤0.04 and radiation parameter varied as 0≤Rd≤1. In the present work, the standard Galerkin finite element method (SGFEM) is employed to model the fluid flow and heat transfer. It is established that the Nusselt number along the heated bottom wall of the hexagonal enclosed space (Nuout) rises as Rayleigh number rises. The same increasing is seen for the velocity distribution along vertically mean position. The stream function and Nuout decrease as the Hartmann number increases. The stream function, temperature and velocity have the maximum profiles at the heated condition followed by the adiabatic one, while the cold condition has the minimum profile.
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