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T Cell Receptor-MHC Class I Peptide Interactions : Affinity, Kinetics, and Specificity
Corr, Maripat,Slanetz, Alfred E.,Boyd, Lisa F.,Jelonek, Marie T.,Khilko, Sergei,Al-Ramadi, Basel K.,Kim, Young Sang,Maher, Stephen E.,Bothwell, Alfred L. M.,Margulies, David H. 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1996 생물공학연구지 Vol.4 No.-
The critical discriminatory event in the activation of T lymphocytes bearing αβT cell receptors (TCRs) is their interaction with a molecular complex consisting of a peptide bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded classⅠor class Ⅱ molecule on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. The kinetics of binding were measured of a purified TCR to molecular complexes of a purified soluble analog of the murine MHC classⅠ molecule H-2L^d (sH-2L^d) and a synthetic octamer peptide p2CL in a direct, real-time assay based on surface plasmon resonance. The kinetic dissociation rate of the MHC-peptide complex from the TCR was rapid (2.6×10^-2) second^-1, corresponding to a half-time for dissociation of approximately 27 seconds), and the kinetic association rate was 2.1×10^ 5 M^-1 second^-1. The equilibrium constant for dissociation was approximately 10^-7M These values indicate that TCRs must interact with a multivalent array of MHC-peptide complexes to trigger T cell signaling.
Adare, A.,Aidala, C.,Ajitanand, N. N.,Akiba, Y.,Akimoto, R.,Alexander, J.,Alfred, M.,Aoki, K.,Apadula, N.,Aramaki, Y.,Asano, H.,Aschenauer, E. C.,Atomssa, E. T.,Awes, T. C.,Azmoun, B.,Babintsev, V.,Ba American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.93 No.5
<P>We present midrapidity measurements from the PHENIX experiment of large parity-violating single-spin asymmetries of high transverse momentum electrons and positrons from W-+/-/Z decays, produced in longitudinally polarized p + p collisions at center of mass energies of root s = 500 and 510 GeV. These asymmetries allow direct access to the antiquark polarized parton distribution functions due to the parity-violating nature of the W-boson coupling to quarks and antiquarks. The results presented are based on data collected in 2011, 2012, and 2013 with an integrated luminosity of 240 pb(-1), which exceeds previous PHENIX published results by a factor of more than 27. These high Q(2) data probe the parton structure of the proton at W mass scale and provide an important addition to our understanding of the antiquark parton helicity distribution functions at an intermediate Bjorken x value of roughly M-W / root s = 0.16.</P>
Alfred O. Ankrah,Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans,Hans C. Klein,Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx,Mike Sathekge 대한핵의학회 2017 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.51 No.2
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) is a leadingcause of death. It attacks the immune system, thereby renderingthe infected host susceptible to many HIV-associated infections,malignancies and neurocognitive disorders. The alteredimmune system affects the way the human host respondsto disease, resulting in atypical presentation of these disorders. This presents a diagnostic challenge and the clinician must useall diagnostic avenues available to diagnose and manage theseconditions. The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) has markedly reduced the mortality associated withHIVinfection but has also brought in its wake problems associatedwith adverse effects or drug interaction and may evenmodulate some of the HIV-associated disorders to the detrimentof the infected human host. Nuclear medicine techniquesallow non-invasive visualisation of tissues in the body. Byusing this principle, pathophysiology in the body can betargeted and the treatment of diseases can be monitored. Being a functional imaging modality, it is able to detect diseasesat the molecular level, and thus it has increased ourunderstanding of the immunological changes in the infectedhost at different stages of the HIV infection. It also detectspathological changes much earlier than conventional imagingbased on anatomical changes. This is important in theimmunocompromised host as in some of the associated disordersa delay in diagnosis may have dire consequences. Nuclear medicine has played a huge role in the managementof many HIV-associated disorders in the past and continues tohelp in the diagnosis, prognosis, staging, monitoring andassessing the response to treatment of many HIV-associateddisorders. As our understanding of the molecular basis of diseaseincreases nuclear medicine is poised to play an evengreater role. In this review we highlight the functional basisof the clinicopathological correlation of HIV from a metabolicview and discuss how the use of nuclear medicine techniques,with particular emphasis of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose, mayhave impact in the setting of HIV. We also provide an overviewof the role of nuclear medicine techniques in the managementof HIV-associated disorders.
Alfred Strauss,Roman Wendner,Dan M. Frangopol,Konrad Bergmeister 국제구조공학회 2012 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.9 No.1
In bridge engineering, maintenance strategies and thus budgetary demands are highly influenced by construction type and quality of design. Nowadays bridge owners and planners tend to include life-cycle cost analyses in their decision processes regarding the overall design trying to optimize structural reliability and durability within financial constraints. Smart permanent and short term monitoring can reduce the associated risk of new design concepts by observing the performance of structural components during prescribed time periods. The objectives of this paper are the discussion and analysis of influence line or influence field approaches in terms of (a) an efficient incorporation of monitoring information in the structural performance assessment, (b) an efficient characterization of performance indicators for the assessment of structures, (c) the ability of optimizing the positions of sensors of a monitoring system, and (d) the ability of checking the robustness of the monitoring systems applied to a structure. The proposed influence line- model correction approach has been applied to an integrative monitoring system that has been installed for the performance assessment of an existing three-span jointless bridge.
Pach, Alfred,Tabbusam, Ghurnata,Khan, M Imran,Suhag, Zamir,Hussain, Imtiaz,Hussain, Ejaz,Mumtaz, Uzma,Haq, Inam Ul,Tahir, Rehman,Mirani, Amjad,Yousafzai, Aisha,Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant,Ochiai, R Leon,S Taylor Francis, Inc 2013 Journal of health communication Vol.18 No.3
<P>The authors conducted formative research (a) to identify stakeholders' concerns related to typhoid fever and the need for disease information and (b) to develop a communication strategy to inform stakeholders and address their concerns and motivate for support of a school-based vaccination program in Pakistan. Data were collected during interactive and semi-structured focus group discussions and interviews, followed by a qualitative analysis and multidisciplinary consultative process to identify an effective social mobilization strategy comprised of relevant media channels and messages. The authors conducted 14 focus group discussions with the parents of school-aged children and their teachers, and 13 individual interviews with school, religious, and political leaders. Parents thought that typhoid fever was a dangerous disease, but were unsure of their children's risk. They were interested in vaccination and were comfortable with a school-based vaccination if conducted under the supervision of trained and qualified staff. Teachers and leaders needed information on typhoid fever, the vaccine, procedures, and sponsors of the vaccination program. Meetings were considered the best form of information dissemination, followed by printed materials and mass media. This study shows how qualitative research findings can be translated into an effective social mobilization and communication approach. The findings of the research indicated the importance of increasing awareness of typhoid fever and the benefits of vaccination against the disease. Identification and dissemination of relevant, community-based disease and vaccination information will increase demand and use of vaccination.</P>
Strauss, Alfred,Wendner, Roman,Frangopol, Dan M.,Bergmeister, Konrad Techno-Press 2012 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.9 No.1
In bridge engineering, maintenance strategies and thus budgetary demands are highly influenced by construction type and quality of design. Nowadays bridge owners and planners tend to include life-cycle cost analyses in their decision processes regarding the overall design trying to optimize structural reliability and durability within financial constraints. Smart permanent and short term monitoring can reduce the associated risk of new design concepts by observing the performance of structural components during prescribed time periods. The objectives of this paper are the discussion and analysis of influence line or influence field approaches in terms of (a) an efficient incorporation of monitoring information in the structural performance assessment, (b) an efficient characterization of performance indicators for the assessment of structures, (c) the ability of optimizing the positions of sensors of a monitoring system, and (d) the ability of checking the robustness of the monitoring systems applied to a structure. The proposed influence line- model correction approach has been applied to an integrative monitoring system that has been installed for the performance assessment of an existing three-span jointless bridge.
Marian, Christel M.,Kock, Sebastian C.,Hundsdorfer, Claas,Martin, Hans-Dieter,Stahl, Wilhelm,Ostroumov, Evgeny,Muller, Marc G.,Holzwarth, Alfred R. Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.2
For the natural carotenoid 3,3'-dihydroxyisorenieratene (DHIR) and two synthetic derivatives, 3,3'-dihydroxy-16,17,18,16',17',18'-hexanor-$\Phi$,$\Phi$-carotene (DHHC) and $\Phi$,$\Phi$-carotene-3,3'-dione (DHIRQ, isorenieratene-3,3'-dione), steady state absorption experiments and combined density functional and multi-reference configuration interaction calculations were carried out. In addition, femtosecond transient absorption spectra were recorded for DHIR. Due to their marked out-of-plane distortion in DHIR, the phenolic end groups participate only partially in the conjugation system. In the low-energy regime its absorption spectrum with the maximum at $21\;700\;cm^{-1}$ in acetone solution therefore closely resembles that of $\beta$-carotene, the same as for the $T_1$ energy. Further similarities are also found for the decay kinetics of the optically bright $1^1{B_u}^+$ state of these compounds. After femtosecond excitation, the $1^1{B_u}^+$ population of DHIR decays with a lifetime of 110 fs to the vibrationally hot $2^1{A_g}^-$,v state which in turn relaxes to the $2^1{A_g}^-$,0 state within 500 fs. Decay of the $2^1{A_g}^-$,0 state to the $S_0$ state occurs at a time scale of 12 ps. Demethylation of the phenolic end groups alleviates the steric repulsion by the polyene chain and causes a small red shift ($1000\;cm^{-1}$) comparing the absorption spectra of DHHC and DHIR. Oxidation of DHIR leads to drastic changes of the electronic and geometric properties. The quinoid end groups of DHIRQ are fully integrated into the conjugation system, shifting the absorption maximum to $17\;800\;cm^{-1}$ in acetone solution which thus takes a blue color. The results of the quantum chemical calculations indicate that, in addition to the $2^1{A_g}^-$ ($S_1$) state, two dark internal charge-transfer singlet states and the $1^1{B_u}^-$ state might be located energetically below the optically bright $1^1{B_u}^+$ ($S_5$) state of DHIRQ.
Kaljee, Linda M,Pach, Alfred,Garrett, Denise,Bajracharya, Deepak,Karki, Kshitji,Khan, Imran Oxford University Press 2018 The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Typhoid fever is a significant contributor to infectious disease mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in South Asia. With increasing antimicrobial resistance, commonly used treatments are less effective and risks increase for complications and hospitalizations. During an episode of typhoid fever, households experience multiple social and economic costs that are often undocumented. In the current study, qualitative interview data from Kathmandu and surrounding areas provide important insights into the challenges that affect those who contract typhoid fever and their caregivers, families, and communities, as well as insight into prevention and treatment options for health providers and outreach workers. When considering typhoid fever cases confirmed by blood culture, our data reveal delays in healthcare access, financial and time costs burden on households, and the need to increase health literacy. These data also illustrate the impact of limited laboratory diagnostic equipment and tools on healthcare providers’ abilities to distinguish typhoid fever from other febrile conditions and treatment challenges associated with antimicrobial resistance. In light of these findings, there is an urgent need to identify and implement effective preventive measures including vaccination policies and programs focused on at-risk populations and endemic regions such as Nepal.</P>