Effect of Phytogenic Feed Additives in Soybean Meal on In vitro Swine Fermentation for Odor Reduction and Bacterial Community Comparison

Alam, M.J.,Mamuad, L.L.,Kim, S.H.,Jeong, C.D.,Sung, H.G.,Cho, S.B.,Jeon, C.O.,Lee, K.,Lee, Sang Suk Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2

The effect of different phytogenic feed additives on reducing odorous compounds in swine was investigated using in vitro fermentation and analyzed their microbial communities. Soybean meal (1%) added with 0.1% different phytogenic feed additives (FA) were in vitro fermented using swine fecal slurries and anaerobically incubated for 12 and 24 h. The phytogenic FAs used were red ginseng barn powder (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, FA1), persimmon leaf powder (Diospyros virginiana L., FA2), ginkgo leaf powder (Ginkgo biloba L., FA3), and oregano lippia seed oil extract (Lippia graveolens Kunth, OL, FA4). Total gas production, pH, ammonianitrogen ($NH_3$-N), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), nitrite-nitrogen ($NO_2{^-}$-N), nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3{^-}$-N), sulfate (${SO_4}^{--}$), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and other metabolites concentration were determined. Microbial communities were also analyzed using 16S rRNA DGGE. Results showed that the pH values on all treatments increased as incubation time became longer except for FA4 where it decreased. Moreover, FA4 incubated for 12 and 24 h was not detected in $NH_3$-N and $H_2S$. Addition of FAs decreased (p<0.05) propionate production but increased (p<0.05) the total VFA production. Ten 16S rRNA DGGE bands were identified which ranged from 96 to 100% identity which were mostly isolated from the intestine. Similarity index showed three clearly different clusters: I (FA2 and FA3), II (Con and FA1), and III (FA4). Dominant bands which were identified closest to Eubacterium limosum (ATCC 8486T), Uncultured bacterium clone PF6641 and Streptococcus lutetiensis (CIP 106849T) were present only in the FA4 treatment group and were not found in other groups. FA4 had a different bacterial diversity compared to control and other treatments and thus explains having lowest odorous compounds. Addition of FA4 to an enriched protein feed source for growing swine may effectively reduce odorous compounds which are typically associated with swine production.

Bacterial Community Dynamics during Swine In vitro Fermentation Using Starch as a Substrate with Different Feed Additives for Odor Reduction

Alam, Md.J.,Jeong, C.D.,Mamuad, L.L.,Sung, H.G.,Kim, D.W.,Cho, S.B.,Lee, K.,Jeon, C.O.,Lee, Sang-S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.5

The experiment was conducted by in vitro fermentation and bacterial community analysis to investigate the reduction of odorous compounds in response to the use of feed additives (FA) during carbohydrate overload in growing pigs. Soluble starch at 1% (control) and various FA at 0.1% Ginseng meal (FA1); Persimmon leaf (FA2); Gingko nut (FA3) and Oregano lippia (FA4) were added to fecal slurry and incubated anaerobically for 12 and 24 h. In vitro parameters and microbial diversity of the dominant bacteria following fermentation were analyzed using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), band cloning and sequencing of the V3 region. Results showed that total gas production increased with the advancement of incubation (p<0.05). pH values of FAs and control groups were decreased except the FA4 group which increased somewhat from 12 to 24 h (p<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and $H_2S$ gas concentrations were comparatively lower in both stages in FA4 treatment than in the other groups (p<0.05). Hence, $NH_3$-N concentrations in liquid phases were increased (p<0.05) from 12 to 24 h, but the trend was lowest in FA4 than in the other groups at both stages. The total VFA production was comparatively lower and butyrate levels were moderate in FA4 group than in the the other groups during both stages (p<0.05). Indirect odor-reducing compounds such as $NO_2$, $NO_3$ and $SO_4$ concentrations were higher in the FA4 and FA3 than in the other groups at 24 h (p<0.05). After fermentation, ten dominant bands appeared, six of which appeared in all samples and four in only the FA4 treated group. The total number of DGGE bands and diversity was higher in the FA4-group compared to other groups. Additionally, similarity indices were lowest (71%) in the FA4, which represented a different bacterial community compared with the other groups. These findings indicate that $NH_3$-N, $H_2S$ and VFA production was minimal, and pH was also better in the FA4 group than in the other groups. Furthermore, the conversion of odor-reducing indirect compounds or their intermediates was higher in the FA4 group in compared to the other groups. FA4 group generated less odorous products and more indirect products by in vitro fermentation at 24 h, and their microbial pattern appeared to differ from that of the other groups. These findings suggest that this particular FA could change the microbial population, which may have a beneficial effect on odor reduction. It is recommended that the oregano lippia may be supplied to growing pigs as FA along with excess carbohydrate sources to reduce the production of odorous compounds.

Effect of Total Mixed Ration with Fermented Feed on Ruminal In vitro Fermentation, Growth Performance and Blood Characteristics of Hanwoo Steers

Kim, S.H.,Alam, M.J.,Gu, M.J.,Park, K.W.,Jeon, C.O.,Ha, Jong-K.,Cho, K.K.,Lee, S.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2

In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the total mixed ration with fermented feed (TMRF) and total mixed ration (TMR) by rumen in vitro fermentation and their effects on the growth performance and blood characteristics of Hanwoo steers. In experiment 1, three Hanwoo steers ($600{\pm}47$ kg), each permanently fitted with a ruminal cannula were used. In this experiment, three diets designated as T1, TMRF (18.4% fermented feed, tall fescue, mammoth wild rye forage and whole crop barley); T2, TMRF (17.7% fermented feed, rice straw and whole crop barley); and T3, TMR (rice straw, whole crop barley and probiotics, but no fermented feed), which were subjected to rumen in vitro fermentation for 48 h. The results demonstrated that DM disappearance rate gradually increased with advancing fermentation time, but T1 and T2 were higher than the T3 (p<0.05) from 3 h to 12 h, but insignificant (p>0.05) at 24 and 48 h. None of the specific VFAs were affected except for acetic and non volatile lactic acids, which were produced more in T2 than in T1 and T3 at 24 h and 48 h of incubation. A/P was lower in T1 and T2 than inT3 at 24 h (p<0.05) and 48 h (p>0.05) of incubation. These results confirmed that TMRF-related treatment shows a superior performance to that of TMR during the ruminal fermentation period. In experiment 2, the three diets in experiment 1 plus 1 more control diet (concentrates, probiotics and 2% rice straw of body weight) were fed to the 48 Hanwoo steers ($160{\pm}10$ kg) for a period of 168 d. The results demonstrated that the daily and total live weight gain and feed efficiency were higher (p<0.05) in the TMRF and TMR groups than in the control group. SGOT, SGPT and BUN (p<0.05) were reduced in TMRF relative to the control and TMR groups by 168 d which confirmed that TMRF shows better blood profiles than the TMR and control groups. Overall, these results appear to show that TMRF has better in vitro ruminal characteristics than those of TMR; growth performance and blood profiles were also found to be superior in TMRF than in the TMR and control groups. Thus, our findings suggest that TMRF-based feed supplies are favorable for Hanwoo cattle.

THE ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH DATA RELEASES OF THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY: FINAL DATA FROM SDSS-III

Alam, Shadab,Albareti, Franco D.,Prieto, Carlos Allende,Anders, F.,Anderson, Scott F.,Anderton, Timothy,Andrews, Brett H.,Armengaud, Eric,Aubourg, É,ric,Bailey, Stephen,Basu, Sarbani,Bautista, J IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.219 No.1

<P>The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg(2) of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg(2) of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg(2); 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra.</P>

Whole Genome Association Study to Detect Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Behavior in Sapsaree Dog (Canis familiaris)

J.H. Ha,M. Alam,이동훈,김종주 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.7

The purpose of this study was to characterize genetic architecture of behavior patterns in Sapsaree dogs. The breed population (n = 8,256) has been constructed since 1990 over 12 generations and managed at the Sapsaree Breeding Research Institute, Gyeongsan, Korea. Seven behavioral traits were investigated for 882 individuals. The traits were classified as a quantitative or a categorical group, and heritabilities (h2) and variance components were estimated under the Animal model using ASREML 2.0 software program. In general, the h2 estimates of the traits ranged between 0.00 and 0.16. Strong genetic (rG) and phenotypic (rP) correlations were observed between nerve stability, affability and adaptability, i.e. 0.9 to 0.94 and 0.46 to 0.68, respectively. To detect significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for the behavioral traits, a total of 134 and 60 samples were genotyped using the Illumina 22K CanineSNP20 and 170K CanineHD bead chips, respectively. Two datasets comprising 60 (Sap60) and 183 (Sap183) samples were analyzed, respectively, of which the latter was based on the SNPs that were embedded on both the 22K and 170K chips. To perform genome-wide association analysis, each SNP was considered with the residuals of each phenotype that were adjusted for sex and year of birth as fixed effects. A least squares based single marker regression analysis was followed by a stepwise regression procedure for the significant SNPs (p<0.01), to determine a best set of SNPs for each trait. A total of 41 SNPs were detected with the Sap183 samples for the behavior traits. The significant SNPs need to be verified using other samples, so as to be utilized to improve behavior traits via marker-assisted selection in the Sapsaree population.

Genetic parameters for yearling weight, carcass traits, and primal-cut yields of Hanwoo cattle1

Choi, T. J.,Alam, M.,Cho, C. I.,Lee, J. G.,Park, B.,Kim, S.,Koo, Y.,Roh, S. H. American Society of Animal Science 2015 Journal of Animal Science Vol. No.

<P>Genetic parameters associated with yearling weight, carcass traits, and primal-cut yields of male Hanwoo cattle were investigated using univariate and bivariate animal models. The mean yearling weight (YWT), carcass weight (CWT), longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS) were 352.47 0.40 kg, 337.39 0.64 kg, 78.28 0.13 cm2, 8.45 0.05 mm, and 3.25 0.03, respectively. Total primal-cut yield (TPC) was 78.95 0.10% of CWT, of which 42.3% was contributed by the forequarters (chuck, CHK; shoulder, SLD; ribs, RIB; and brisket and flank, BAF). Loins, top round (TRND), and round (RND) were associated with yields of 13.57%, 5.45 0.01%, and 8.87 0.02%, respectively. The largest cut studied was ribs (15.67 0.03%). The estimated heritabilities (h2) of YWT, CWT, LMA, BFT, and MS were 0.18 0.02, 0.29 0.04, 0.38 0.05, 0.45 0.05, and 0.62 0.07, respectively. Shoulder yield was highly heritable in Hanwoo steers (0.83 0.13), followed by the yields of round (0.66 0.12), striploin (0.64 0.12), top round (0.62 0.12), sirloin (0.60 0.12), and total primal-cut yield (0.52 0.11). The h2 values of CHK, BAF, RIB, and tenderloin (TLN) ranged from 0.19 0.09 to 0.41 0.11. Generally, the genetic CV was low for most traits (2.33%-6.15%), except for CHK, BFT, and MS. The genetic correlation (rg) was strong between YWT and CWT (0.77 0.06). The greatest positive and negative rg among carcass traits were those between LMA and CWT (0.52 0.08) and between LMA and BFT (-0.30 0.09), respectively. The correlation between CHK and SLD (0.81 0.14), and those between SLD, TLN, TRND, and RND, were mostly strong (0.77-0.87), but the rg between RIB and other traits were strongly negative. The TPC yield showed moderate to high rg with most primal cuts. The YWT, CWT, and LMA correlated notably with CHK, SLD, and loin yields, especially LMA. However, BFT and MS were negatively correlated with many primal cuts but RIB. Those rg estimates were also opposite of that of LMA and CWT with primal cuts. Phenotypic correlations (rp) were generally weaker than rg estimates. The rp of YWT, CWT, and LMA were either zero or moderately negative compared to those of the BFT and MS with primal cuts. Most primal cuts yielded positive rp estimates among them, except for RIB. Our results suggest that direct selection for YWT, various carcass traits, and primal-cut yields may increase the carcass value of Hanwoo males.</P>

Measurement of cos2β in B0→D(*)h0 with D→KS0π+π− decays by a combined time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of <i>BaBar</i> and Belle data

Adachi, I.,Adye, T.,Ahmed, H.,Ahn, J. K.,Aihara, H.,Akar, S.,Alam, M. S.,Albert, J.,Anulli, F.,Arnaud, N.,Asner, D. M.,Aston, D.,Atmacan, H.,Aushev, T.,Ayad, R.,Badhrees, I.,Bakich, A. M.,Banerjee, Sw American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review D Vol.98 No.11

Chemiluminescence Flow Sensor for Catechin with Immobilized Permanganate as Oxidant

Alam, S.M.,Suh, Y.S.,Kim, G.E.,Choi, J.H.,Suh, J.K.,Chung, H.Y.,Lee, S.H. American Scientific Publishers 2011 Sensor letters Vol.9 No.1

Effect of Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 inoculation on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean (Glycine max) genotypes in gray terrace soil.

Alam, Faridul,Bhuiyan, M A H,Alam, Sadia Sabrina,Waghmode, Tatoba R,Kim, Pil Joo,Lee, Yong Bok Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2015 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.79 No.10

<P>Soybean plants require high amounts of nitrogen, which are mainly obtained from biological nitrogen fixation. A field experiment was conducted by soybean (Glycine max) genotypes, growing two varieties (Shohag and BARI Soybean6) and two advanced lines (MTD10 and BGM02026) of soybean with or without Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 inoculation. Soybean plants of all genotypes inoculated with Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 produced greater nodule numbers, nodule weight, shoot and root biomass, and plant height than non-inoculated plants. Similarly, inoculated plants showed enhanced activity of nitrogenase (NA) enzyme, contributing to higher nitrogen fixation and assimilation, compared to non-inoculated soybean plants in both years. Plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 also showed higher pod, stover, and seed yield than non-inoculated plants. Therefore, Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 established an effective symbiotic relationship with a range of soybean genotypes and thus increased the nodulation, growth, and yield of soybean grown in gray terrace soils in Bangladesh.</P>

Male pseudohermaphroditism in dogs: three case reports

Alam, M. R.,Cho, Y. G.,Cho, S. J.,Lee, J. I.,Lee, H. B.,Tae, H. J.,Kim, I. S.,Kim, N. S. INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL FOOD INFORMATION 2007 VETERINARNI MEDICINA -PRAHA- Vol.52 No.2