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The Principle of Good Faith in Contracts: Qatari Law Perspective
( Abdulla Hamad Al Mulla ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2017 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.19 No.-
Good faith is one of the most important principles of Civil Law as it governs all types of contracts including commercial, administrative and private civil contracts. This principle finds its importance through balancing the contracts parties position and saving their rights towards each other. On the same note, the principle of good faith allows the judge to interfere in the contractual relationship in order to balance the contractual relationship between the parties. Hence, there is a duty for any contractual party to act with Good Faith otherwise a party to a contract could be held responsible according to the contract law. This article illustrates the principle of good faith in Arab legislation comparing it with other comparative civil law legislation especially in France and Germany. In addition to that, the article deals with the application phase of the principle of good faith by presenting and analyzing various legal precedents about this topic. Furthermore, the article discusses the latest development in Qatari contract Law regarding the legal framework of the principle of good faith in the legislation and jurisprudence.
Emad Abbas Jaffar Al-Mulla 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.2
Clay modification was carried out by treatment of fatty nitrogen compounds (FNCs); fatty hydrazide (FH),hydroxy methyl fattyamide (HMFA), and difatty acyl thiourea (DFAT) were synthesized from vegetable oils with a sodium montmorillonite (MMT) as natural clay. This process was accomplished by stirring the clay particles in an aqueous solution of FH, HMFA, and DFAT, by which the clay layer thickness increased from 1.23 to 2.69, 2.89 and 3.21nm, respectively. The modified clay was then used in the preparation of the polylactic acid/epoxidized palm oil (PLA/EPO) blend nanocomposites. The interaction of the modifier in the clay layer was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Elemental analysis was used to estimate the presence of FNCs in the clay. The nanocomposites were synthesized by solution casting of the modified clay and a PLA/EPO blend at the weight ratio of 80/20, which has the highest elongation at break. The nanocomposites were then characterized using XRD,transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile properties measurements. Improvement in mechanical properties of the FH-MMT, HMFA-MMT, and DFAT-MMT nanocomposites was obtained when 2% of the DFAT-MMT and 3% of both FH-MMT and HMFA-MMT loadings were used. PLA/EPO modified clay nanocomposites show higher thermal stability in comparison with those of the PLA/EPO blend. The XRD and TEM results confirmed the production of nanocomposites.
Planning the Human Variome Project: The Spain report
Kaput, Jim,Cotton, Richard G.H.,Hardman, Lauren,Watson, Michael,Al Aqeel, Aida I.,Al-Aama, Jumana Y.,Al-Mulla, Fahd,Alonso, Santos,Aretz, Stefan,Auerbach, Arleen D.,Bapat, Bharati,Bernstein, Inge T.,B Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Human mutation Vol.30 No.4
<P>The remarkable progress in characterizing the human genome sequence, exemplified by the Human Genome Project and the HapMap Consortium, has led to the perception that knowledge and the tools (e.g., microarrays) are sufficient for many if not most biomedical research efforts. A large amount of data from diverse studies proves this perception inaccurate at best, and at worst, an impediment for further efforts to characterize the variation in the human genome. Because variation in genotype and environment are the fundamental basis to understand phenotypic variability and heritability at the population level, identifying the range of human genetic variation is crucial to the development of personalized nutrition and medicine. The Human Variome Project (HVP; http://www.humanvariomeproject.org/) was proposed initially to systematically collect mutations that cause human disease and create a cyber infrastructure to link locus specific databases (LSDB). We report here the discussions and recommendations from the 2008 HVP planning meeting held in San Feliu de Guixols, Spain, in May 2008. Hum Mutat 30, 496–510, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Effect of high pressure processing on structural and functional properties of canned aquafaba
Fatemah B. Alsalman,Noor Al-Ruwaih,Hasan Al-Attar,Mehrajfatema Z. Mulla 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.9
Aquafaba is chickpea cooking water. It has great functional properties since it consists of starch and protein. High pressure processing (HPP) is proven to modify the functionality of starch by keeping its integrity. The objective of this study was to check if HPP can improve structural and functional properties of canned aquafaba. HPP treatments were given at pressure levels: 200, 259, 400, 542, and 600 MPa with holding time between 5 and 30 min. After HPP, part of the samples was freeze dried for crystallinity and particle size analysis and the fresh part used for rheological, functional properties, and colour. HPP enhanced functional properties, mostly foaming stability which increased from 50.5 to 67 min. Rheological properties were enhanced mainly for consistency coefficient from 0.6 to 1.4 Pa.s. Crystallinity dropped slightly compared to control sample, while the colour got brighter, from 27.5 to 49.6. Processing time and pressure intensity did not contribute in increasing particle size. The combination of high intensity and long pressurization time resulted the smallest particle size (90 µm).
Drozdov, A.D.,Al-Mulla, A.,Gupta, R.K. Techno-Press 2012 Advances in materials research Vol.1 No.4
Results of isothermal torsional oscillation tests are reported on melts of linear low density polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene. Prior to rheological tests, specimens were annealed at various temperatures ranging from $T_a$ = 180 to $310^{\circ}C$ for various amounts of time (from 30 to 120 min). Thermal treatment induced degradation of the melts and caused pronounced decreases in their molecular weights. With reference to the concept of transient networks, constitutive equations are developed for the viscoelastic response of polymer melts. A melt is treated as an equivalent network of strands bridged by junctions (entanglements and physical cross-links). The time-dependent response of the network is modelled as separation of active strands from and merging of dangling strands with temporary nodes. The stress-strain relations involve three adjustable parameters (the instantaneous shear modulus, the average activation energy for detachment of active strands, and the standard deviation of activation energies) that are determined by matching the dependencies of storage and loss moduli on frequency of oscillations. Good agreement is demonstrated between the experimental data and the results of numerical simulation. The study focuses on the effect of molecular weight of polymer melts on the material constants in the constitutive equations.
장호영,한영주,정상진,박종,이성훈,김태형,김철홍,김상수,Fahd Al-Mulla,윤찬현,유향숙,The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium 한국유전체학회 2011 Genomics & informatics Vol.9 No.4
In planning a model-based phylogenic study for highly related ethnic data, the SNP marker number is an important factor to determine for relationship inferences. Genotype frequency data, utilizing a sub sampling method,from 63 Pan Asian ethnic groups was used for determining the minimum SNP number required to establish such relationships. Bootstrap random sub-samplings were done from 5.6K PASNPi SNP data. DA distance was calculated and neighbour-joining trees were drawn with every re-sampling data set. Consensus trees were made with the same 100 sub-samples and bootstrap proportions were calculated. The tree consistency to the one obtained from the whole marker set, improved with increasing marker numbers. The bootstrap proportions became reliable when more than 7,000 SNPs were used at a time. Within highly related ethnic groups, the minimum SNPs number for a robust neighbor-joining tree inference was about 7,000 for a 95% bootstrap support.
Ghang, Ho-Young,Han, Young-Joo,Jeong, Sang-Jin,Bhak, Jong,Lee, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Kim, Chul-Hong,Kim, Sang-Soo,Al-Mulla, Fahd,Youn, Chan-Hyun,Yoo, Hyang-Sook,The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium, T Korea Genome Organization 2011 Genomics & informatics Vol.9 No.4
In planning a model-based phylogenic study for highly related ethnic data, the SNP marker number is an important factor to determine for relationship inferences. Genotype frequency data, utilizing a sub sampling method, from 63 Pan Asian ethnic groups was used for determining the minimum SNP number required to establish such relationships. Bootstrap random sub-samplings were done from 5.6K PASNPi SNP data. DA distance was calculated and neighbour-joining trees were drawn with every re-sampling data set. Consensus trees were made with the same 100 sub-samples and bootstrap proportions were calculated. The tree consistency to the one obtained from the whole marker set, improved with increasing marker numbers. The bootstrap proportions became reliable when more than 7,000 SNPs were used at a time. Within highly related ethnic groups, the minimum SNPs number for a robust neighbor-joining tree inference was about 7,000 for a 95% bootstrap support.