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Hiyama Akihiko,Katoh Hiroyuki,Sakai Daisuke,Sato Masato,Tanaka Masahiro,Watanabe Masahiko 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.1
Study Design: Retrospective study.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) placement between prone and lateral decubitus positions during lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and to evaluate the tendency of PPS positioning based on simple computed tomography measurements with patients in the lateral decubitus position.Overview of Literature: There is insufficient information in the literature regarding the accuracy of inserting a PPS using fluoroscopy in patients in the lateral decubitus position.Methods: We included 62 patients who underwent combined LLIF surgery and PPS fixation for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal canal stenosis. We compared the patient demographics and the accuracy of fluoroscopy-guided PPS placement between two groups: patients who remained in the lateral decubitus position for the pedicle screw fixation (single-position surgery [SPS] group) and those who were turned to the prone position (dual-position surgery [DPS] group).Results: There were 40 patients in the DPS group and 22 in the SPS group. Of the 292 PPSs, only 12 were misplaced. In other words, 280/292 screws (95.9%) were placed correctly in the pedicle’s cortical shell (grade 0). PPS insertion did not cause neurological, vascular, or visceral injuries in either group. The breach rates for the DPS and SPS groups were 4.1% (grade 1, 5 screws; grade 2, 3 screws; grade 3, 0 screw) and 4.1% (grade 1, 2 screws; grade 2, 2 screws; grade 3, 0 screw), respectively. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the downside PPS had more screw malpositioning than the upside PPS.Conclusions: We found that PPS insertion with the patient in the decubitus position under fluoroscopic guidance might be as safe and reliable a technique as PPS insertion in the prone position, with a misplacement rate similar to that previously published.
ASTRONOMY FOR DEVELOPMENT; APPROACHES IN ASIA
USUDA-SATO, KUMIKO,TOMITA, AKIHIKO The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
As task force members, we present the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD) and its task forces. Each task force calls for proposals every year and reviews the submitted proposals. From the point of view of "Astronomy for a Better World", the vision of the OAD, our aim is to reach diverse people including those such as the visually impaired. Our efforts meet one of the goals of the OAD and some OAD-funded projects.
HUGE DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT COMBUSTION - TOWARD PERFECT SIMULATION OF IC ENGINE -
Tanahashi, Mamoru,Seo, Takehiko,Sato, Makoto,Tsunemi, Akihiko,Miyauchi, Toshio Korea Society of Computational Fluids Engineering 2008 한국전산유체공학회지 Vol.13 No.4
Current state and perspective of DNS of turbulence and turbulent combustion are discussed with feature trend of the fastest supercomputer in the world. Based on the perspective of DNS of turbulent combustion, possibility of perfect simulations of IC engine is shown. In 2020, the perfect simulation will be realized with 30 billion grid points by 1EXAFlops supercomputer, which requires 4 months CPU time. The CPU time will be reduced to about 4 days if several developments were achieved in the current fundamental researches. To shorten CPU time required for DNS of turbulent combustion, two numerical methods are introduced to full-explicit full-compressible DNS code. One is compact finite difference filter to reduce spatial resolution requirements and numerical oscillations in small scales, and another is well-known point-implicit scheme to avoid quite small time integration of the order of nanosecond for fully explicit DNS. Availability and accuracy of these numerical methods have been confirmed carefully for auto-ignition, planar laminar flame and turbulent premixed flames. To realize DNS of IC engine with realistic kinetic mechanism, several DNS of elemental combustion process in IC engines has been conducted.
Hayakawa, Kazuichi,Tang, Ning,Sato, Kosuke,Izaki, Akihiko,Tatematsu, Michiya,Hama, Hirotaka,Li, Ying,Kameda, Takayuki,Toriba, Akira Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.3
1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), 2-NP and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFR) are useful markers for studying the atmospheric behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). However, present methods for measuring trace levels of these compounds are lesssensitive and laborious. Here we describe several improvements to a previously reported high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence detection system that allows it to determine trace levels of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR. The proposed system was equipped with a reducer column packed with Pt/Rh instead of zinc whose life-time was limited. The combination of Cosmosil MS-II (monomeric ODS) and AR-II (polymeric ODS) columns was used instead of polymeric ODS columns as the separator column to improve the separation. An ethanol mixture with acetate buffer (pH 5.5) was used in place of an acetonitrile mixture with the same buffer to activate the reducer column. The same ethanol mixture was used as the mobile phase for the clean-up column. The switching time of the column switching valve was optimized to concentrate the amino-derivatives of above NPAHs quantitatively on the concentrator column. The concentrations of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenly) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide in the chemiluminescence reagent solution were optimized to 0.4 mM and 30 mM, respectively, to increase the sensitivity. Under the above conditions, the detection limits (S/N=3) of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR were 1 fmol (0.25 pg), 10 fmol (2.5 pg) and 4 fmol (1 pg), respectively. The proposed system was effectively used to determine trace levels of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR in airborne particulates collected at Noto Peninsula. The atmospheric concentrations of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR were not more than sub pg $m^{-3}$ levels. They were higher in winter (January) than in summer (July). In both seasons, the concentrations were in decreasing order, [2-NFR]>[1-NP]>[2-NP].
Sasaki, Keisuke,Ishihara, Kenji,Oyamada, Chiaki,Sato, Akiyuki,Fukushi, Akihiko,Arakane, Tomohiro,Motoyama, Michiyo,Yamazaki, Makoto,Mitsumoto, Mitsuru Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.7
Effects of fucoxanthin (FX), a major carotenoid in algae, on lipid peroxidation and meat colour in ground chicken breast meat were investigated. FX and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (Toc) were added to ground samples at a content level of 200 mg/kg. The samples were subjected to a chilling storage test before and after cooking. In the storage test before cooking, neither FX nor Toc affected the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on days 1 and 6, and FX decreased the L* value and increased the a* and b* values. In the storage test after cooking, both FX and Toc decreased TBARS values on days 1 and 6. FX decreased the L* value and increased the a* and b* values, similar to what occurred in the storage test before cooking. Based on these results, we concluded that FX is a potent ingredient for improvement of the appearance and shelf life of chicken meat and its products.
HUGE DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT COMBUSTION
Mamoru Tanahashi,Takehiko Seo,Makoto Sato,Akihiko Tsunemi,Toshio Miyauchi 한국전산유체공학회 2008 한국전산유체공학회지 Vol.13 No.4
Current state and perspective of DNS of turbulence and turbulent combustion are discussed with feature trend of the fastest supercomputer in the world. Based on the perspective of DNS of turbulent combustion, possibility of perfect simulations of IC engine is shown. In 2020, the perfect simulation will be realized with 30 billion grid points by 1 EXAFlops supercomputer, which requires 4 months CPU time. The CPU time will be reduced to about 4 days if several developments were achieved in the current fundamental researches. To shorten CPU time required for DNS of turbulent combustion, two numerical methods are introduced to full-explicit full-compressible DNS code. One is compact finite difference filter to reduce spatial resolution requirements and numerical oscillations in small scales, and another is well-known point-implicit scheme to avoid quite small time integration of the order of nanosecond for fully explicit DNS. A vailability and accuracy of these numerical methods have been confirmed carefully for auto-ignition, planar laminar flame and turbulent premixed flames. To realize DNS of IC engine with realistic kinetic mechanism, several DNS of elemental combustion process in IC engines has been conducted.
OHTANI, Yoshihisa,YONEZAWA, Tomo,SONG, Sang‐,Houn,TAKAHASHI, Tatsuyuki,ARDIYANTI, Astrid,SATO, Katsuyoshi,HAGINO, Akihiko,ROH, Sang‐,gun,KATOH, Kazuo Blackwell Publishing Asia 2011 Animal science journal Vol.82 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Although the functions of adiponectin, a differentiated adipocyte‐derived hormone, in regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism are regulated by two subtypes of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs; AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), those in ruminants remain unclear. Therefore we examined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors in various bovine tissues and mammary glands among different lactation stages, and the effects of lactogenic hormones (insulin, dexamethasone and prolactin) and growth hormone (GH) on mRNA expression of the AdipoRs in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). AdipoRs mRNAs were widely expressed in various bovine tissues, but adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue than in other tissues. In the mammary gland, although adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly decreased at lactation, AdipoR1 mRNA expression was significantly higher at peak lactation than at the dry‐off stage. In BMEC, lactogenic hormones and GH upregulated AdipoR2 mRNA expression but did not change that of AdipoR1. In conclusion, adiponectin and its receptor mRNA were expressed in various bovine tissues and the adiponectin mRNA level was decreased during lactation. These results suggest that adiponectin and its receptors ware changed in mammary glands by lactation and that AdipoRs mRNA expression was regulated by different pathways in BMEC.</P>