Experimental Validation of an IoT Based Device Selective Power Cut mechanism Using Power Line Carrier Communication for Smart Management of Electricity

Sumit Kumar Jindal,Kishan Kumar,Shulin Saraswat,Ajay Kumar,Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.1

There is a huge diff erence between electricity production and its demand. In order to meet the requirements, a selective power cut is carried out which is currently based on area and time. Although this is a simplistic solution, it has many drawbacks such as the area gets completely deprived of even the very basic appliances such as lights and fans, which do not contribute signifi cantly to the power consumption. This creates a need to come up with a solution so that no one gets deprived of using basic appliances at any time and still be able to reduce power consumption to fulfi ll the ever-growing demand. This work has dealt with the same by implementing a device selective protocol which can selectively cut power of particular devices depending on their energy rating, power rating, manufacturer etc. by the use of power line carrier communication. Hence, revolutionizing the whole concept of area selective power cut to device selective power cut. Since, IoT refers to a network of devices or “Things”, this work incorporates the basic principles of IoT by essentially creating a network of devices which can communicate with each other, over low bandwidth.

Spontaneous Rectal Perforation with Transanal Evisceration of the Small Bowel: A Rare Case Report

Pal Ajay Kumar,Kumar Prasoon,Yadav Dhirendra,Kumar Awanish,Pahwa Harvinder Singh,Singh Krishna Kant 대한외상중환자외과학회 2022 Journal of Acute Care Surgery Vol.12 No.2

Transanal evisceration of the small bowel is a rare surgical emergency. Rectal perforation in such cases is usually due to an underlying rectal prolapse. We report a case of a middle aged (45 years) male with spontaneous rectal perforation and transanal evisceration of the small bowel. Approximately 150 cm of small bowel had eviscerated transanally and the patient required emergent abdominal exploration, reposition of the small bowel, and repair of the rectal perforation. Small bowel evisceration through the anal verge is an emergent condition and the aim was to prevent life threatening complications related to sepsis.

EMISSION ANALYSIS OF A MEDIUM CAPACITY DIESEL ENGINE USING MAHUA OIL BIODIESEL

Ajay Kumar Sharma,L.M.Das,S.N.Naik,Bhupendra Singh Chauhan,Haeng Muk Cho 한국에너지학회 2013 에너지공학 Vol.22 No.2

Current Scenario of Legume Lectins and Their Practical Applications

Ajay Kumar Gautam,Nidhi Shrivastava,Bechan Sharma,Sameer. S. Bhagyawant 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.3

Lectins are diverse group of carbohydrate binding proteins distributed ubiquitously in plant species. Lectins are the subject of intense investigation. Therefore, in the past few years studies on legume lectins with respect to their biochemical and pharmacological properties have been extensively carried out. Legume lectins are reported to contain antifungal, mitogenic, immunomodulatory, and antitumor properties. Some of the lectin also display anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and antineoplastic activities. Plant lectins are expected to open new vistas for the design and development of drugs to be used against different serious diseases. This article aims to review up-to-date advances of legume lectins vis-à-vis structure, biological properties, and their practical applications.

Profile of Skin Biopsies and Patterns of Skin Cancer in a Tertiary Care Center of Western Nepal

Kumar, Ajay,Shrestha, Prashanna Raj,Pun, Jenny,Thapa, Pratichya,Manandhar, Merina,Sathian, Brijesh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: Skin biopsy is the method to assist clinicians to make definite dermatological diagnosis which further helps in holistic management. Skin cancers are relatively rare clinical diagnosis in developing countries like Nepal, but the prevalence is on rise. Objectives: To investigate the profile of skin biopsies and frequencies and pattern of skin cancers in a tertiary care centre of Western Nepal. Materials and Methods: The materials consisted of 434 biopsies (1.37%) out of 31,450 OPD visits performed in the Department of Dermatology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, during the period of Dec 2011-Nov 2014. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS-16 with reference to incidence, age, sex, race and clinical and histopathological features. Results: The commonest disorders observed in biopsies were papulosquamous lesions, skin tuberculosis of different types, benign skin tumors, leprosy, collagen and fungal diseases. Viral diseases were rarely seen, probably due to straight forward clinical diagnosis. Dermatological malignancies accounted for 55/434 (12.67%) of biopsies. Skin disorders in general were commoner in females 280/434 (64%), including malignancies 32/55(58.2%). Mean age of patients with skin cancer was 54.5 years. Facilities for proper laboratory investigation of dermatological disorders will improve the quality of life. Conclusions: The most prevalent lesion in skin biopsies was papulosquamous disorders followed by skin tuberculosis of different types. Dermatological malignancy constituted 55/434 (12.67%) cases. The prevalence of skin malignancy is on rise in Nepalese society probably due to increase in life expectancy and better diagnostic services.

Formulation of highly purified fenugreek gum based silica lipid drug delivery system for simvastatin with enhanced dissolution rate and in vitro characterization

Ajay Kumar Sav,Meer Tarique Ali,Ritesh Amol Fule,Purnima Dhanraj Amin 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.5

In current study, highly purified fenugreek gum (HPFG) isolated by patented method explored as emulsifier and hydrophilic solid carrier in drug delivery system. Antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (SIM) was selected as drug model for the study as it is associated with poorly water solubility and low bioavailability problems (\5 %). A suitable HPFG-based silica lipid system composed of SIM (1.5 %), medium chain triglyceride Capmul MCM (10 %) as lipid phase, 0.6 % HPFG as emulsifier and HPFG 2.5 %, different grades colloidal silica (7.5 %)(Aerosil 300 Pharma, Aerosil 380 Pharma and Aeroperl 300 Pharma) as hydrophilic solid carriers was developed. The optimized HPFG-based silica lipid systems were characterized for physical characteristics like flow ability,compressibility, redispersiblity, solubility and in vitro drug release using USP apparatus II in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. The system was also characterized for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The developed formulation was found to have excellent flow property, readily redispersiblity, better aqueous solubility and showed 3–4-fold increase in dissolution rate as compared to plain drug and marketed formulation (Simlo 10). Transition of crystalline drug to amorphous state was confirmed by DSC,PXRD and SEM studies. Enhanced dissolution rate and solubility possibly attributed to improved wetting, amorphous drug state and facilitated diffusion from lipid-based system. Thus developed HPFG-based silica lipid system provides an alternative means for SIM with enhanced dissolution rate and stability in oral solid dosage form.

Transient response of rhombic laminates

Ajay Kumar,Anish,Abhay K. Chaubey,Satyam Vishwakarma,Stanisław Fic,Danuta Barnat-Hunek 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.70 No.5

In the present study, a suitable mathematical model considering parabolic transverse shear strains for dynamic analysis of laminated composite skew plates under different types of impulse and spatial loads was presented for the first time. The proposed mathematical model satisfies zero transverse shear strain at the top and bottom of the plate. On the basis of the cubic variation of thickness coordinate in in-plane displacement fields of the present mathematical model, a 2D finite element (FE) model was developed including skew transformations in the mathematical model. No shear correction factor is required in the present formulation and damping effect was also incorporated. This is the first FE implementation considering a cubic variation of thickness coordinate in in-plane displacement fields including skew transformations to solve the forced vibration problem of composite skew plates. The effect of transverse shear and rotary inertia was incorporated in the present model. The Newmark-β scheme was adapted to perform time integration from step to step. The C0 FE formulation was implemented to overcome the problem of C1 continuity associated with the cubic variation of thickness coordinate in in-plane displacement fields. The numerical studies showed that the present 2D FE model predicts the result close to the analytical results. Many new results varying different parameter such as skew angles, boundary conditions, etc. were presented.

Rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) biomass conversion to furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, lignin and bio-char: A comprehensive solution

Ajay Kumar,Arvind Singh Chauhan,Rohit Bains,Pralay Das 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-

A sustainable, easy to operate, scalable, and chemically pre-treatments free method has been explored forrice straw (RS) biomass conversion to furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), lignin and bio-charproduction. Initially, the RS was dipped into liquid nitrogen in a thermos flask and grinded easily to finepowder for better handling of biomass under reaction conditions in a reactor. The process also reducesthe volume of biomass and enhances the surface area of RS biomass which was further analysed bySEM, TEM, IR, TGA and DSC, and further validated by its fruitful conversion to furfural, 5-HMF, ligninand bio-char synthesis in satisfied yields. The developed acidic process was performed at 130 C for 6hrs under a closed reaction system in reflux conditions. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) purity of furfural and 5-HMF was measured to >90% without additional purification technique. Moreover, the method was also examined in 250-gram scale and found to perform well.

Synthesis and evaluation of octenyl succinate anhydride derivative of fenugreek gum as extended release polymer

Ajay Kumar Sav,Ritesh Amol Fule,Meer Tarique Ali,Purnima Amin 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.5

In current study, fenugreek gum (FG) plant derived product was investigated as a release retarding polymer. The octenyl succincate anhydride derivative of fenugreek gum (OSFG) was synthesized to introduce hydrophobic property and investigated for its drug release retarding property with reference to FG. The reaction was carried out in anhydrous conditions at different temperature (40–98 C) using NaHCO3 as a mild base catalyst and the influences of three factors such as reagent/substrate concentration,reaction temperature and time on the degree of substitution of OSFG were studied. Highly water-soluble metoprolol succinate (MPS) and poorly water-soluble carbamazepine (CBZ) were selected as model drug as for release studies. It was observed that increase in reaction temperature and reagent concentration resulted in high degree of substitution with significant decrease in viscosity. Reaction carried out at 98 C for 2 h showed high degree of substitution (0.133) with moderate retention of viscosity compared to plain FG. FTIR, DSC, XRD, solid state CPMAS 13C-NMR, and SEM studies provide structural information of synthesized OSFG. MPS ER tablet prepared with drug:OSFG:FG at the weight of 1:4:2 and CBZ ER tablet with drug:OSFG at the weight ratio of 1:3, respectively. Both formulations showed similar drug release profile compared to marketed formulations. Optimized tablet formulations were found to be stable under stability condition according to ICH guidelines. It was concluded that the developed formulations with OSFG have a release retarding property and can be used alone or in combination with other polymers for a controlled release.

Hyperbilirubinemia without biliary obstruction during amoebic liver abscess treated successfully with endoscopic biliary drainage

Ajay Kumar Jain,Suchita Jain,Sandeep Kaulavkar,Ashmeet Choudhary 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.10 No.1

Amoebic liver abscess with jaundice is not uncommon, but jaundice with intractable pruritus due to it is extremely uncommon. We present a case of amoebic liver abscess who had mild icterus at presentation and improved within seven days of conservative management with the decrease in abscess size. One month later, he presented with severe pruritus and deep jaundice. On evaluation, no other cause could be identified to explain his jaundice and severe pruritus other than a residual abscess. Therefore abscess was drained but neither his jaundice nor pruritus responded to the aspiration of abscess. After one week he underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and biliary stenting despite he not having any intra or extra-hepatic biliary dilatation. Following biliary drainage, his pruritus improved completely, and bilirubin became normal over the next few days. In conclusion, bilio-vascular fistulas, when present can lead to severe pruritus and, biliary drainage is an effective treatment for it.