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Cho, Ahra,Han, Chan Su,Kang, Meenjoo,Choi, Wooseok,Lee, Jihwan,Jeon, Jaecheol,Yu, Sujae,Jung, Ye Seul,Cho, Yong Soo American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.18
<P>Colossal dielectric constant CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> has been recognized as one of the rare materials having intrinsic interfacial polarization and thus unusual dielectric characteristics, in which the electrical state of the grain boundary is critical. Here, the direct correlation between the grain boundary potential and relative permittivity is proposed for the CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> thin films doped with Zn, Ga, Mn, and Ag as characterized by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The dopants are intended to provide the examples of variable grain boundary potentials that are driven by chemical states including Cu<SUP>+</SUP>, Ti<SUP>3+</SUP>, and oxygen vacancy. Grain boundary potential is nearly linearly proportional to the dielectric constant. This effect is attributed to the increased charge accumulation near the grain boundary, depending on the choice of the dopant. As an example, 1 mol % Ag-doped CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> thin films demonstrate the best relative permittivity as associated with a higher grain boundary potential of 120.3 mV compared with 82.6 mV for the reference film. The chemical states across grain boundaries were further verified by using spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy with the simultaneous electron energy loss spectroscopy.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Kim, Na Young,Jeon, Hwi Seong,Lee, Myoung-Hoon,Cha, Ahra,Lee, Dong Sook,Lee, Hye-Jung,Kim, Hye Gi,Lee, Hyoshin,Choi, Young-Im,Park, Ohkmae K. Elsevier 2018 Biomass & bioenergy Vol.109 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An <I>Arabidopsis</I> small G protein, RabG3b, has been previously characterized as a positive regulator of xylem development in <I>Arabidopsis</I>. Transgenic poplars overexpressing a constitutively active form of RabG3b (RabG3bCA) were developed, and their performance as potential biomass crops was evaluated in the field in Suwon, Korea (37°26′N, 126°98′E) from May to October 2016. RabG3bCA transgenic poplars showed increased stem growth and produced 3–4 times greater dry biomass than hybrid control poplars. Fiber length and diameter were also increased by 15–26% and 28–38%, respectively. Transgenic poplars were analyzed for enzymatic digestibility and biofuel production after chemical pretreatments. Glucose and ethanol yields were higher in pretreated transgenic poplars than hybrid control, and the pretreatment effectiveness of sodium hydroxide was better than that of the other chemicals. We propose that RabG3bCA can add value to the development of biomass crops.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biomass traits of RabG3bCA transgenic poplars in the greenhouse recurred in the field. </LI> <LI> RabG3bCA overexpression improved xylem development, and as a result, wood traits. </LI> <LI> Glucose and ethanol yields were increased in RabG3bCA transgenic poplars. </LI> <LI> RabG3bCA transgenic poplars have value as a biomass resource in the wood industry. </LI> </UL> </P>
Barbed micro-spikes for micro-scale biopsy
Byun, Sangwon,Lim, Jung-Min,Paik, Seung-Joon,Lee, Ahra,Koo, Kyo-in,Park, Sunkil,Park, Jaehong,Choi, Byoung-Doo,Seo, Jong Mo,Kim, Kyung-ah,Chung, Hum,Song, Si Young,Jeon, Doyoung,Cho, Dongil IOP 2005 Journal of micromechanics and microengineering Vol.15 No.6
<P>Single-crystal silicon planar micro-spikes with protruding barbs are developed for micro-scale biopsy and the feasibility of using the micro-spike as a micro-scale biopsy tool is evaluated for the first time. The fabrication process utilizes a deep silicon etch to define the micro-spike outline, resulting in protruding barbs of various shapes. Shanks of the fabricated micro-spikes are 3 mm long, 100 ?m thick and 250 ?m wide. Barbs protruding from micro-spike shanks facilitate the biopsy procedure by tearing off and retaining samples from target tissues. Micro-spikes with barbs successfully extracted tissue samples from the small intestines of the anesthetized pig, whereas micro-spikes without barbs failed to obtain a biopsy sample. Parylene coating can be applied to improve the biocompatibility of the micro-spike without deteriorating the biopsy function of the micro-spike. In addition, to show that the biopsy with the micro-spike can be applied to tissue analysis, samples obtained by micro-spikes were examined using immunofluorescent staining. Nuclei and F-actin of cells which are extracted by the micro-spike from a transwell were clearly visualized by immunofluorescent staining.</P>