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Thomas B. Russell,Peter L. Labib,Paula Murphy,Fabio Ausania,Elizabeth Pando,Keith J. Roberts,Ambareen Kausar,Vasileios K. Mavroeidis,Gabriele Marangoni,Sarah C. Thomasset,Adam E. Frampton,Pavlos Lykou 한국간담췌외과학회 2024 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.28 No.1
Backgrounds/Aims: After pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), an early oral diet is recommended; however, the postoperative nutritional management of PD patients is known to be highly variable, with some centers still routinely providing parenteral nutrition (PN). Some patients who receive PN experience clinically significant complications, underscoring its judicious use. Using a large cohort, this study aimed to determine the proportion of PD patients who received postoperative nutritional support (NS), describe the nature of this support, and investigate whether receiving PN correlated with adverse perioperative outcomes. Methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s study, a retrospective multicenter study of PD outcomes. Results: In total, 1,323 patients (89%) had data on their postoperative NS status available. Of these, 45% received postoperative NS, which was “enteral only,” “parenteral only,” and “enteral and parenteral” in 44%, 35%, and 21% of cases, respectively. Body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 (p = 0.03), absence of preoperative biliary stenting (p = 0.009), and serum albumin < 36 g/L (p = 0.009) all correlated with receiving postoperative NS. Among those who did not develop a serious postoperative complication, i.e., those who had a relatively uneventful recovery, 20% received PN. Conclusions: A considerable number of patients who had an uneventful recovery received PN. PN is not without risk, and should be reserved for those who are unable to take an oral diet. PD patients should undergo pre- and postoperative assessment by nutrition professionals to ensure they are managed appropriately, and to optimize perioperative outcomes.
Thomas B. Russell,Peter L. Labib,Jemimah Denson,Fabio Ausania,Elizabeth Pando,Keith J. Roberts,Ambareen Kausar,Vasileios K. Mavroeidis,Gabriele Marangoni,Sarah C. Thomasset,Adam E. Frampton,Pavlos Lyk 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.4
Backgrounds/Aims: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is recommended in fit patients with a carcinoma (PDAC) of the pancreatic head, and a delayed resection may affect survival. This study aimed to correlate the time from staging to PD with long-term survival, and study the impact of preoperative investigations (if any) on the timing of surgery. Methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s (RAW) study, a multicentre retrospective study of PD outcomes. Only PDAC patients who underwent an upfront resection were included. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemo-/radiotherapy were excluded. Group A (PD within 28 days of most recent preoperative computed tomography [CT]) was compared to group B (> 28 days). Results: A total of 595 patents were included. Compared to group A (median CT-PD time: 12.5 days, interquartile range: 6–21), group B (49 days, 39–64.5) had similar one-year survival (73% vs. 75%, p = 0.6), five-year survival (23% vs. 21%, p = 0.6) and median time-todeath (17 vs. 18 months, p = 0.8). Staging laparoscopy (43 vs. 29.5 days, p = 0.009) and preoperative biliary stenting (39 vs. 20 days, p < 0.001) were associated with a delay to PD, but magnetic resonance imaging (32 vs. 32 days, p = 0.5), positron emission tomography (40 vs. 31 days, p > 0.99) and endoscopic ultrasonography (28 vs. 32 days, p > 0.99) were not. Conclusions: Although a treatment delay may give rise to patient anxiety, our findings would suggest this does not correlate with worse survival. A delay may be necessary to obtain further information and minimize the number of PD patients diagnosed with early disease recurrence.
Charlie R. Adams,Christopher P. Porter,Thomas J. Robshaw,James P. Bezzina,Victoria R. Shields,Alan Hides,Richard Bruce,Mark D. Ogden 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.92 No.-
This study reports the development of a hydrometallurgical treatment for activated carbon ash (ACA); awaste product of the carbon-in-pulp (CIP) process used in the gold mining industry, rich in adsorbedprecious metals. After an initial screening of known leaching chemistries, the research focusses on duallixiviant(thiourea and thiocyanate) and thiourea systems, both of which have lower environmentalimpact than traditional cyanide leaches. Comparing ferric sulfate and hydrogen peroxide as oxidantsshowed that a thiourea leach is more suited to ferric sulfate whereas the dual-lixiviant leach achievedgreater extraction with hydrogen peroxide. This was believed to be due to a more favourable effective[thiourea]:[thiocyanate] molar ratio in solution. The latter demonstrated faster kinetics and improvedefficiency for dissolution of gold and silver. However, both leaches had issues with silver extraction due toformation of passivating layers on the surface of the silver nanoparticles. Kinetic modelling showed bothsystems tended towards a mixed-controlled process. Gold extraction of 89%, with leaching reachingequilibrium within 100 min, using the dual-lixiviant process demonstrated that there is an alternative tocyanide leaches employed in gold recovery.
Impact of Sb Incorporation on MOVPE-Grown “Bulk” InGaAs(Sb)N Films for Solar Cell Application
Kim, Taewan,Wood, Adam,Kim, Honghyuk,Kim, Youngjo,Lee, Jaejin,Peterson, Mark,Sin, Yongkun,Moss, Steven,Kuech, Thomas F.,Babcock, Susan,Mawst, Luke J. IEEE 2016 IEEE journal of photovoltaics Vol.6 No.6
<P>We have investigated the impacts of Sb incorporation on the microstructural, optical, electrical, and carrier dynamics properties of bulk InGaAsSbN films in a comparative study of In-GaAsN and InGaAsSbN materials grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). These films were grown at the relatively high temperature of 600 degrees C and annealed at 800 degrees C for 30 min. Transmission electron microscopy studies indicate compositional and structural homogeneity of the InGaAsN and InGaAsSbN films. Low-temperature time-resolved photoluminescence measurements of the MOVPE-grown InGaAsN film show a longer minority carrier lifetime (similar to 40 ns) than observed for the InGaAsSbN film (similar to 26 - 27 ns). In addition, single-junction solar cells with an InGaAsN (In-GaAsSbN) base layer exhibit an open-circuit voltage of 0.64 (0.58) V, a short-circuit current of 17.13 (16.89) mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 77.55 (74.29)%, and an efficiency of 8.57 (7.31)%. Sb incorporation in InGaAsN adversely affects solar cell performance due to a reduced minority carrier lifetime correlated with the formation of defects and narrow depletion region width resulting from a higher background carbon impurity level.</P>
Radiation-Induced Giant Cell Granuloma Mimicking Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma at FDG-PET/CT
Hugo J. A. Adams,John M. H. de Klerk,Josien C. Regelink,Ben G. F. Heggelman,Stefan V. Dubois,Thomas C. Kwee 대한핵의학회 2017 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.51 No.4
A 22-year-old woman was diagnosed with intermediate risk stage II Hodgkin lymphoma and treated with three cycles of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by involved-field radiation therapy. A complete metabolic remission was achieved after two cycles of ABVD, which was maintained until three years after completion of treatment. Follow-up FDG-PET/CT four years after completion of treatment, however, showed a new FDG-avid (Deauville score of 4) lesion in the right scapula, suggesting relapsed disease. Computer tomography (CT)-guided biopsy of this lesion was performed and subsequent histological examination revealed a radiation-induced giant cell granuloma.
Jack Alistair Sargeant,Joseph Henson,James Adam King,Thomas Yates,Kamlesh Khunti,Melanie Jane Davies 대한내분비학회 2019 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.34 No.3
Weight loss is an important goal in the management of several chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and pharmacological therapies that aid weight loss are appealing. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are novel glucose-lowering therapies that have been shown to induce clinically significant reductions in body weight. However, this weight loss may not be attributed solely to fat mass (FM). Given the importance of skeletal muscle and lean body mass (LBM) on cardio-metabolic health and physical function, we reviewed the available literature reporting theeffects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is on body composition. Results demonstrate that, in most circumstances, the weight loss associatedwith both therapies predominantly comprises a reduction in FM, although significant heterogeneity exists between studies. In overhalf of the studies identified, the proportion of LBM reduction ranged between 20% and 50% of total weight lost, which is consistentwith diet-induced weight loss and bariatric surgery. No clear differences existed between GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is. Consequently,the loss of LBM and skeletal muscle associated with weight loss induced by GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is warrants attention. Strategiesto preserve skeletal muscle and improve physical function, for example through structured exercise, are of great importance.
Regional Structure of the Indian Summer Monsoon in Observations, Reanalysis, and Simulation
Cash, Benjamin A.,Kinter III, James L.,Adams, Jennifer,Altshuler, Eric,Huang, Bohua,Jin, Emilia K.,Manganello, Julia,Marx, Larry,Jung, Thomas American Meteorological Society 2015 Journal of climate Vol.28 No.5
Trivalent M-related protein as a component of next generation group A streptococcal vaccines
Harry S. Courtney,Shannon E. Niedermeyer,Thomas A. Penfound,Claudia M. Hohn,Adam Greeley,James B. Dale 대한백신학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.6 No.1
Purpose: There is a need to broaden protective coverage of M protein–based vaccines against group A streptococci (GAS) because coverage of the current 30-valent M protein vaccine does not extend to all emm types. An additional GAS antigen and virulence factor that could potentially extend vaccine coverage is M-related protein (Mrp). Previous work indicated that there are three structurally related families of Mrp (MrpI, MrpII, and MrpIII) and peptides of all three elicited bactericidal antibodies against multiple emm types. The purpose of this study was to determine if a recombinant form containing Mrp from the three families would evoke bactericidal antiserum and to determine if this antiserum could enhance the effectiveness of antisera to the 30-valent M protein vaccine. Materials and Methods: A trivalent recombinant Mrp (trMrp) protein containing N-terminal fragments from the three families (trMrp) was constructed, purified and used to immunize rabbits. Anti-trMrp sera contained high titers of antibodies against the trMrp immunogen and recombinant forms representing MrpI, MrpII, and MrpIII. Results: The antisera opsonized emm types of GAS representing each Mrp family and also opsonized emm types not covered by the 30-valent M protein–based vaccine. Importantly, a combination of trMrp and 30-valent M protein antiserum resulted in higher levels of opsonization of GAS than either antiserum alone. Conclusion: These findings suggest that trMrp may be an effective addition to future constructs of GAS vaccines.