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Takashi Abe(Takashi Abe ),Jeremy P. Loenneke(Jeremy P. Loenneke ) 사피엔시아 2021 Exercise Medicine Vol.5 No.-
Objectives: To maintain proper development, it is recommended that children/adolescents focus more on increasing physical activity than dietary restriction when treating obesity. In other words, adults are better able to tolerate the reductions in fat-free body mass that often occur when trying to lose fat mass. In contrast, children and adolescents should avoid losses in fat-free mass in order to ensure proper development. Therefore, when trying to reduce visceral fat in children via a negative energy balance (i.e., exercise with or without calorie restriction), it is necessary to set desirable conditions in order to minimize the loss of fat-free mass. To determine whether this is possible, we reviewed literature discussing the relationship between changes in visceral fat obtained by abdominal imaging and changes in total body fat and fat-free mass after exercise training with and without calorie restriction in children and adolescents. Methods: Literature review. Results and Conclusions: Previous work found no reduction in fat-free mass in the exercise interventions in which there was no dietary-induced calorie restriction. This supports the idea that reducing visceral fat by increasing physical activity is the preferred strategy over dietary restriction in children and adolescents. Although factors such as the type (e.g. aerobic and/or resistance) of exercise and the amount (i.e. energy expenditure) of exercise will likely have an effect on the magnitude of change in intra-abdominal visceral fat, the quantity of each that is needed without reducing fat-free mass is currently unknown.
Ahmed K. Abed,Riyadh Mansoor,Ali K. Abed 한국통신학회 2022 ICT Express Vol.8 No.1
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the best choice for wireless and wired high data rate communications. The OFDM system has many advantages such as high spectral efficiency, robustness to channel fading, and immunity to impulse interference. However, it has a main drawback, which is the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Selecting Mapping (SLM) and Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) are the two essential techniques for reducing the PAPR; however, they need to send side information to indicate how the transmitter generates signals. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based dummy sub-carriers are inserted with the data to reduce PAPR without transmitting side information. The incorporation of PSO-based Dummy Sub-carriers Insertion (DSI) method on this system is performed by measuring the PAPR at the IFFT output (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) after adding 6 adaptive sub-carrier sequences to the input data of IFFT. The PSO-based dummy algorithm decides to send the data once the PAPR of this data sequence and dummy sub-carrier is under a specific threshold. Using MATLAB as a mathematical simulation tool, simulation results are presented for a standard OFDM network model. The network model has been simulated in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel environment to investigate PAPR and Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance. The simulation results show that the dummy sequence based on PSO reduces PAPR down to 4 dB compared to a conventional OFDM system and down to 3 dB compared with the clipping technique for the same BER performance.
Chang, P.,Abe, K.,Abe, K.,Abe, T.,Aihara, H.,Asano, Y.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Aziz, T.,Bahinipati, S.,Bakich, A.M.,Ban, Y.,Bay, A.,Bedny, I.,Bitenc, U.,Bizjak, I.,Bondar, A.,Bozek, A.,Brač,ko, Elsevier 2004 Physics letters: B Vol.599 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We report the observation of <SUP>B0</SUP> decays to the <SUP>K+</SUP><SUP>π−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP> final state using a data sample of 78 fb<SUP>−1</SUP> collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> collider. With no assumptions about intermediate states in the decay, the branching fraction is measured to be (36.6−4.3+4.2±3.0)×<SUP>10−6</SUP>. We also search for <I>B</I> decays to intermediate two-body states with the same <SUP>K+</SUP><SUP>π−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP> final state. Significant <I>B</I> signals are observed in the ρ<SUP>(770)−</SUP><SUP>K+</SUP> and <SUP>K*</SUP><SUP>(892)+</SUP><SUP>π−</SUP> channels, with branching fractions of (15.1−3.3−1.5−2.1+3.4+1.4+2.0)×<SUP>10−6</SUP> and (14.8−4.4−1.0−0.9+4.6+1.5+2.4)×<SUP>10−6</SUP>, respectively. The first error is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is due to the largest possible interference. Contributions from other possible two-body states will be discussed. No <I>CP</I> asymmetry is found in the inclusive <SUP>K+</SUP><SUP>π−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP> or <SUP>ρ−</SUP><SUP>K+</SUP> modes, and we set 90% confidence level bounds on the asymmetry of −0.12<<SUB>ACP</SUB><0.26 and −0.18<<SUB>ACP</SUB><0.64, respectively.</P>
Wang, M.-Z.,Abe, K.,Abe, K.,Abe, T.,Adachi, I.,Aihara, H.,Asano, Y.,Aso, T.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Bakich, A. M.,Bay, A.,Bizjak, I.,Bondar, A.,Bozek, A.,Brač,ko, M.,Browder, T. E.,Chang, M.-C. American Physical Society 2004 Physical Review Letters Vol.92 No.13
<P>We report the first observation of a b-->u type charmless baryonic B decay, B+-->pppi(+), as well as b-->s type B0-->ppK0 and B+-->ppK(*+) decays. The analysis is based on a 78 fb(-1) data sample recorded on the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at KEKB. We find B(B+-->pppi(+))=(3.06(+0.73)(-0.62)+/-0.37)x10(-6), B(B0-->ppK0)=(1.88(+0.77)(-0.60)+/-0.23)x10(-6), and B(B+-->ppK(*+))=(10.3(+3.6+1.3)(-2.8-1.7))x10(-6). We also update B(B+-->ppK+)=(5.66(+0.67)(-0.57)+/-0.62)x10(-6) and present an upper limit on B(B0-->ppK(*0)) at the 90% confidence level. A common feature of the observed decay modes is threshold peaking in baryon pair invariant mass.</P>
Abe, Olufunmilayo Esther,Nwadinigwe, Peter APEC국제교육협력원 2015 Asia-Pacific Cybereducation Journal Vol.11 No.2
This study investigated the differences between gender for effectiveness of career competencies training and integrative life planning on career aspirations, self-identity and congruity between the real and ideal self of adolescents in Lokoja, Nigeria. The sample consisted of 227 adolescents who scored low on Ego-identity scales and were found exhibiting low self-identity, which affected their career aspirations. They were made up of 114 males and 113 females. Quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test and control group design was used with the sample, which was randomly assigned to three groups. Career Competencies Training (CCT), Integrative Life Planning (ILP) and the control. A Self-Identity Questionnaire (SIQ), Congruity Questionnaire (CQ) and Career Aspiration Questionnaire (CAQ) were administered to the three groups before and after the experimental programmes. CCT and ILP groups were the training groups while the control was the waiting group. The statistical tools used were Means, Standard Deviation and ANCOVA. A null hypothesis was formulated to guide the study and was tested at 0.05 level of significance. There is no significant difference in the post-test scores on the self-identity, career aspiration, and congruity of real and ideal self of adolescents exposed to career competencies training, integrative life planning and the control group due to gender. The use of both training is therefore recommended. Parents should be encouraged to take cognizance of the congruity between the real self and the ideal self of their adolescents so that they can be properly guided on their career aspirations.
Abe, K.,Haga, Y.,Hayato, Y.,Ikeda, M.,Iyogi, K.,Kameda, J.,Kishimoto, Y.,Miura, M.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Nakajima, T.,Nakano, Y.,Nakayama, S.,Orii, A.,Sekiya, H.,Shiozawa, M.,Takeda, A.,Tanaka, H. American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review D Vol.95 No.1
<P>We have searched for proton decay via p -> e(+) pi(0) and p -> mu(+) pi(0) using Super-Kamiokande data from April 1996 to March 2015, 0.306 megaton center dot years exposure in total. The atmospheric neutrino background rate in Super-Kamiokande IV is reduced to almost half that of phase I-III by tagging neutrons associated with neutrino interactions. The reach of the proton lifetime is further enhanced by introducing new signal criteria that select the decay of a proton in a hydrogen atom. No candidates were seen in the p -> e(+) pi(0) search. Two candidates that passed all of the selection criteria for p -> mu(+) pi(0) have been observed, but these are consistent with the expected number of background events of 0.87. Lower limits on the proton lifetime are set at tau/B(p -> mu(+) pi(0)) > 1.6 x 10(34) years and tau/B(p -> mu(+) pi(0) ) > 7.7 x 10(33) years at 90% confidence level.</P>
Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-IV
Abe, K.,Haga, Y.,Hayato, Y.,Ikeda, M.,Iyogi, K.,Kameda, J.,Kishimoto, Y.,Marti, Ll.,Miura, M.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Nakajima, T.,Nakayama, S.,Orii, A.,Sekiya, H.,Shiozawa, M.,Sonoda, Y.,Takeda, A. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.94 No.5
<P>Upgraded electronics, improved water system dynamics, better calibration and analysis techniques allowed Super-Kamiokande-IV to clearly observe very low-energy B-8 solar neutrino interactions, with recoil electron kinetic energies as low as similar to 3.5 MeV. Super-Kamiokande-IV data-taking began in September of 2008; this paper includes data until February 2014, a total livetime of 1664 days. The measured solar neutrino flux is (2.308 +/- 0.020)(stat)(-0.040)(+0.039) (syst)) x 10(6)/(cm(2) sec) assuming no oscillations. The observed recoil electron energy spectrum is consistent with no distortions due to neutrino oscillations. An extended maximum likelihood fit to the amplitude of the expected solar zenith angle variation of the neutrino-electron elastic scattering rate in SK-IV results in a day/night asymmetry of (-3.6 +/- 1.6(stat) +/- 0.6(syst)%. The SK-IV solar neutrino data determine the solar mixing angle as sin(2)theta(12) = 0.327(-0.031)(+0.026), all SK solar data (SK-I, SK-II, SK III and SK-IV) measures this angle to be sin(2)theta(12) = 0.334(-0.023)(+0.027), the determined mass-squared splitting is Delta m(21)(2) = 4.8(-0.8)(+1.5) x 10(-5) eV(2).</P>