Performance Evaluation for a Unicast Vehicular Delay Tolerant Routing Protocol Networks

Abdalla, Ahmed Mohamed International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.2

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks are considered as special kind of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. VANETs are a new emerging recently developed, advanced technology that allows a wide set of applications related to providing more safety on roads, more convenience for passengers, self-driven vehicles, and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) are networks that allow communication in the event of connection problems, such as delays, intermittent connections, high error rates, and so on. Moreover, these are used in areas that may not have end-to-end connectivity. The expansion from DTN to VANET resulted in Vehicle Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTN). In this approach, a vehicle stores and carries a message in its buffer, and when the opportunity arises, it forwards the message to another node. Carry-store-forward mechanisms, packets in VDTNs can be delivered to the destination without clear connection between the transmitter and the receiver. The primary goals of routing protocols in VDTNs is to maximize the probability of delivery ratio to the destination node, while minimizing the total end-to-end delay. DTNs are used in a variety of operating environments, including those that are subject to failures and interruptions, and those with high delay, such as vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs). This paper discusses DTN routing protocols belonging to unicast delay tolerant position based. The comparison was implemented using the NS2 simulator. Simulation of the three DTN routing protocols GeOpps, GeoSpray, and MaxProp is recorded, and the results are presented.

Assessment of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters of Hepatic Parenchyma for Differentiation of Biliary Atresia from Alagille Syndrome

Abdel Razek Ahmed Abdel Khalek,Abdalla Ahmed,Elfar Reda,Ashmalla Germeen Albair,Ali Khadiga,Barakat Tarik 대한영상의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.21 No.12

Objective: To assess diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters of the hepatic parenchyma for the differentiation of biliary atresia (BA) from Alagille syndrome (ALGS). Materials and Methods: This study included 32 infants with BA and 12 infants with ALGS groups who had undergone DTI. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the liver were calculated twice by two separate readers and hepatic tissue was biopsied. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the mean values of the two groups. The optimum cut-off values for DTI differentiation of BA and ALGS were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The mean hepatic MD of BA (1.56 ± 0.20 and 1.63 ± 0.2 x 10-3 mm2/s) was significantly lower than that of ALGS (1.84 ± 0.04 and 1.79 ± 0.03 x 10-3 mm2/s) for both readers (r = 0.8, p = 0.001). Hepatic MD values of 1.77 and 1.79 x 10-3 mm2/s as a threshold for differentiating BA from ALGS showed accuracies of 82 and 79% and area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.90 and 0.91 for both readers, respectively. The mean hepatic FA of BA (0.34 ± 0.04 and 0.36 ± 0.04) was significantly higher (p = 0.01, 0.02) than that of ALGS (0.30 ± 0.06 and 0.31 ± 0.05) for both readers (r = 0.80, p = 0.001). FA values of 0.30 and 0.28 as a threshold for differentiating BA from ALGS showed accuracies of 75% and 82% and AUCs of 0.69 and 0.68 for both readers, respectively. Conclusion: Hepatic DTI parameters are promising quantitative imaging parameters for the detection of hepatic parenchymal changes in BA and ALGS and may be an additional noninvasive imaging tool for the differentiation of BA from ALGS.

Expression of EGFR and p53 in Head and Neck Tumors among Sudanese Patients

Abusail, Mustafa Saadalnour,Dirweesh, Ahmed Mohmed Ahmed,Salih, Rashid Awad Abdalla,Gadelkarim, Ahmed Hussain Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: The aim of this study was to assess EGFR and p53 expression in head and neck tumors among Sudanese patients using immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed on 150 samples from patients diagnosed with HNCs as well as 50 from individuals with benign head and neck tumors. EGFR and p53 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: EGFR was expressed in 126/150 (84%) of HNCS and 6/50 (12%) benign head and neck tumors where as p53 was expressed in 29/150 (19.3%) of HNCs and 2/50 (4%) of benign head and neck tumors, with significance at p values of 0.001 and 0.009 respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant association between EGFR, P53 expression and head and neck cancers among Sudanese patients.

The effect of immediate neoadjuvant electromotive instillation of mitomycin C with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin versus BCG alone in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A randomized controlled trial

Abdalla El Azab,Ahmed Abd Elbary,Aly El Faqeh M. Okasha,Hatem Aboulkassem,Ashraf Saad Zaghloul,Riham Mohamed Karkeet,Ibrahim Abdelrahman 대한비뇨의학회 2023 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.64 No.6

Purpose: The clinical effect of neoadjuvant intravesical instillation of chemotherapy immediately before transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) has been a subject of recent research. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of immediate neoadjuvant electromotive instillation of mitomycin C before transurethral resection for patients with non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Our study was a randomized clinical trial carried out on 50 patients diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer. Patients were classified into two groups: Group I consisted of 25 patients who received neoadjuvant electromotive drug administration of mitomycin C before TURBT and intravesical bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) per week for 6 weeks; Group II consisted of 25 patients who were treated with TURBT followed by intravesical BCG per week for 6 weeks alone (standard of care). Patients were followed up at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months by cystoscopy. Results: Patients who received neoadjuvant electromotive drug administration of mitomycin C before TURBT in combination with BCG had a low recurrence rate compared with those who received BCG alone (12.0% vs. 48.0%, respectively; p=0.012) and a longer disease-free interval (88.0% vs. 52.0%, respectively; p=0.012). Four patients developed progression to muscle-invasive disease (16.0%) in the BCG alone group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.516). Regarding adverse effects, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant intravesical electromotive drug administration of mitomycin C before TURBT is safe; reduces recurrence rates and enhances the disease-free interval compared with TURBT followed by BCG alone.

Lucerne transient streak virus; a Recently Detected Virus Infecting Alfafa (Medicago sativa) in Central Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Raza,Ibrahim M. Al-Shahwan,Omer A. Abdalla,Mohammed A. AL-Saleh,Mahmoud A. Amer 한국식물병리학회 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.1

A survey was conducted to determine the status ofLucerne transient streak virus (LTSV) in three highyieldingalfalfa regions in central Saudi Arabia (Riyadh,Qassim, and Hail) during 2014. Three hundredand eight symptomatic alfalfa, and seven Sonchus oleraceussamples were collected. DAS-ELISA indicatedthat 59 of these samples were positive to LTSV. Twoisolates of LTSV from each region were selected formolecular studies. RT-PCR confirmed the presence ofLTSV in the selected samples using a specific primerpair. Percentage identity and homology tree comparisonsrevealed that all Saudi isolates were more closelyrelated to each other but also closely related to the Canadianisolate-JQ782213 (97.1–97.6%) and the NewZealand isolate-U31286 (95.8–97.1%). ComparingSaudi isolates of LTSV with ten other sobemovirusesbased on the coat protein gene sequences confirmedthe distant relationship between them. Eleven out offourteen plant species used in host range study werepositive to LTSV. This is the first time to documentthat Trifolium alexandrinum, Nicotiana occidentalis,Chenopodium glaucum, and Lathyrus sativus are newhost plant species for LTSV and that N. occidentalisbeing a good propagative host for it.

Ziziphus spina christi for Sustainable Agroforestry Farming in Arid Land of Khartoum State of Sudan

Mustafa Abdalla Nasre Aldin,Hussein Alawad Seid Ahmed,Mohamed El Mukhtar Ballal,Adil Mahgoub Farah 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2023 Journal of Forest Science Vol.39 No.1

Cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) was intercropped with Ziziphus spina-christi as summer forage in two consecutive seasons of 2017 and 2018. The aims to find out suitable agroforestry practice for saline soils of Khartoum State. And to investigate effect of tree spacing on forage biomass yield under semi -irrigated systems. Completely randomized block design with 3 replicates was conducted for this trial. Thus Z.spina-christi that fixed at 4×4 m was intercropped with cowpea at 1 m and 1.5 m spacing from trees trunk. Tree growth parameters were measured in terms of tree height, tree collar diameter, tree crown diameter and fruit yield per tree. While crop were parameters were determined in terms of plant height, number of plant, forage biomass yield per ha and land equivalent ratio. Soil profile of 1×1 m and 1.5 m depth was excavated and its features were described beside its chemical and physical properties were analyzed for 0-10 cm, 0-30 cm, and 30-60 cm and 60-100 cm layers. The results revealed that soil pH, CaCO3, SAR, ESP, and EC ds/m were increased by increasing soil depths. Meanwhile tree growth in terms of tree height was significant in the first season 2017 when compared with tree collar diameter and tree crown diameter. Also significant differences were recorded for tree growth when compared with sole trees in the second season in 2018. Tree fruit showed marked variations between the two seasons, but it was higher under intercropping particularly at ZS2. Crop plant height was highly significant under sole cropping than intercropping in first season in 2017. In contrast forage biomass yield was significant under intercropping in ZS1 and ZS2 treatments. Land equivalent ratio was advantageous under this agroforestry system particularly under ZS2. Thus it recorded 5 and 9 for ZS2 in the two consecutive seasons respectively. Therefore, it is feasible to introduce this agroforestry system under such arid lands to provide summer forage yield of highly nutritive value and low cost for animals feed as well as to increase farmers’ income and to halt desertification and to sequester carbon.

A mixed method study to validate a two-way feedback between student and faculty to improve learning of anatomy

Mohamed Ahmed Eladl,Mohamed Elhassan Abdalla,Anu Ranade 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.2

Although the students are subjected to some formative exams throughout the problem based learning units, feedback is not given appropriately and timely. Students want to know and use the reasoning behind judgments and always complain that assessment criteria need to be explained. The aim of this project is to implement a two-way feedback delivery (TWFD), in which both faculty and students have an opportunity to discuss their reflections on learning and examination processes. An Anatomy formative assessment is introduced to 100 students followed by implementation of TWFD. Faculty members provided the students with a structured and timely feedback on their performance. Also, the students reflected on the whole learning process, including real examination experience. The reaction was measured using quantitative and qualitative instruments through a questionnaire, focus group discussion, and semi-structured interviews. Ninety students (90%) participated in the questionnaire with high satisfaction toward implementation of TWFD. Ninety-four percent (n=85) admitted that the time of the session was appropriate. Ninety percent (n=81) of the students demonstrated that the TWFD helped them to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Eighty-five percent (n=77) of the students admitted that TWFD promotes active reflection on the effectiveness of teaching. Most of the students and teachers’ comments in the focus group discussions and the interviews supported these results. TWFD seems to be a good approach to implement an effective and timely feedback process between the faculty and the students. Students and the faculty recommended the implementation of this session in different courses and units.

Lucerne transient streak virus; a Recently Detected Virus Infecting Alfafa (Medicago sativa) in Central Saudi Arabia

Raza, Ahmed,Al-Shahwan, Ibrahim M.,Abdalla, Omer A.,Al-Saleh, Mohammed A.,Amer, Mahmoud A. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.1

A survey was conducted to determine the status of Lucerne transient streak virus (LTSV) in three high-yielding alfalfa regions in central Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Qassim, and Hail) during 2014. Three hundred and eight symptomatic alfalfa, and seven Sonchus oleraceus samples were collected. DAS-ELISA indicated that 59 of these samples were positive to LTSV. Two isolates of LTSV from each region were selected for molecular studies. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of LTSV in the selected samples using a specific primer pair. Percentage identity and homology tree comparisons revealed that all Saudi isolates were more closely related to each other but also closely related to the Canadian isolate-JQ782213 (97.1-97.6%) and the New Zealand isolate-U31286 (95.8-97.1%). Comparing Saudi isolates of LTSV with ten other sobemoviruses based on the coat protein gene sequences confirmed the distant relationship between them. Eleven out of fourteen plant species used in host range study were positive to LTSV. This is the first time to document that Trifolium alexandrinum, Nicotiana occidentalis, Chenopodium glaucum, and Lathyrus sativus are new host plant species for LTSV and that N. occidentalis being a good propagative host for it.

Optimization Driven MapReduce Framework for Indexing and Retrieval of Big Data

( Hemn Barzan Abdalla ),( Awder Mohammed Ahmed ),( M. A. Al Sibahee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.5

With the technical advances, the amount of big data is increasing day-by-day such that the traditional software tools face a burden in handling them. Additionally, the presence of the imbalance data in big data is a massive concern to the research industry. In order to assure the effective management of big data and to deal with the imbalanced data, this paper proposes a new indexing algorithm for retrieving big data in the MapReduce framework. In mappers, the data clustering is done based on the Sparse Fuzzy-c-means (Sparse FCM) algorithm. The reducer combines the clusters generated by the mapper and again performs data clustering with the Sparse FCM algorithm. The two-level query matching is performed for determining the requested data. The first level query matching is performed for determining the cluster, and the second level query matching is done for accessing the requested data. The ranking of data is performed using the proposed Monarch chaotic whale optimization algorithm (M-CWOA), which is designed by combining Monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) [22] and chaotic whale optimization algorithm (CWOA) [21]. Here, the Parametric Enabled-Similarity Measure (PESM) is adapted for matching the similarities between two datasets. The proposed M-CWOA outperformed other methods with maximal precision of 0.9237, recall of 0.9371, F1-score of 0.9223, respectively.

FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN ORDERED b-METRIC SPACES WITH ALTERNATING DISTANCE FUNCTIONS

Radia Bouhafs,Abdalla Ahmed Tallafha,Wasfi Shatanawi 경남대학교 수학교육과 2021 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.26 No.3

In this paper we obtain a unique common fixed point theorem for four self-maps which are involved in $(\phi,\psi)$-weak contraction of a partially ordered $b$-metric space. The necessary condition has been given to a space for the existence of an unique common fixed of the maps. And our work changed conditions and nonlinear contraction, and search for the unique common fixed point of the maps.