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- 저자 : Aaron P. Thrift (검색결과 2 건)
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Preventable causes of cancer in Texas by race/ethnicity: tobacco smoking
Franciska J,Gudenkauf,Aaron P,Thrift 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-
OBJECTIVES: Tobacco smoking is classified as carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1). We aimed to estimate the percentage and number of incident cancer cases diagnosed in Texas in 2015 that were attributable to tobacco smoking, and we examined differences in the proportions of smoking-attributable cancers between the major racial/ethnic subgroups of the population. METHODS: We calculated population-attributable fractions for cancers attributable to tobacco smoking using prevalence data from the Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and relative risks associated with smoking status from pooled analy-ses of cohort studies or meta-analyses. Cancer incidence data were collected from the Texas Cancer Registry. RESULTS: We estimated that 19,000 excess cancer cases or 18.4% of all cancers diagnosed in 2015 in Texans aged ≥ 25 years were caused by tobacco smoking. Males had a higher overall proportion of cancers attributable to tobacco smoking than fe-males (male, 23.3%, 11,993 excess cases; female, 13.5%, 7,006 cases). Approximately 20% of cancer cases in non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks were attributable to tobacco smoking compared to 12.8% among Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS: Despite ongoing public health campaigns combatting tobacco use, this preventable behavior still contributes significantly to cancer incidence in Texas. Racial/ethnic differences in smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable cancer in-cidence should be considered when designing cancer prevention programs.
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Jake S. Jacob,Michelle E. Lee,Erin Y. Chew,Aaron P. Thrift,Robert J. Sealock 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.2
Background/Aims: The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) revised its guidelines for risk stratification ofpatients with suspected choledocholithiasis. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of the revision and to compare itto the previous guidelines. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 267 patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. We identified high-riskpatients according to the original and revised guidelines and examined the diagnostic accuracy of both guidelines. We measured theassociation between individual criteria and choledocholithiasis. Results: Under the original guidelines, 165 (62%) patients met the criteria for high risk, of whom 79% had confirmedcholedocholithiasis. The categorization had a sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 55%, respectively, for the detectionof choledocholithiasis. Under the revised guidelines, 86 (32%) patients met the criteria for high risk, of whom 83% hadcholedocholithiasis. The revised categorization had a lower sensitivity and higher specificity of 37% and 80%, respectively. Thepositive predictive value of the high-risk categorization increased with the revision, reflecting a potential decrease in diagnosticendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpies (ERCPs). Stone visualized on imaging had the greatest specificity forcholedocholithiasis. Gallstone pancreatitis was not associated with the risk for choledocholithiasis. Conclusions: The 2019 revision of the ASGE guidelines decreases the utilization of ERCP as a diagnostic modality and offers animproved risk stratification tool.
KCI
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