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Dietary Guidelines and Visual Rod Guide far Japanese
Adachi, Miyuki 대한영양사협회 2001 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.7 No.2
한국은 한국전쟁 후 식품량이 절대적으로 부족하였다. 이런 식품위기를 해결하기 위해 정부는 우선 한국인의 주식인쌀의 생산을 증가시켰다. 이 정책의 효과는 쌀 생산에 있어서 자급충족하게 된 1970년대 중반에 나타나기 시작했다. 최근에도 식품정책은 여전히 쌀 생산을 강조하고 있다. 그러나 경제성장과 더불어 사람들은 더 다양한 식품을 섭취할 수 있게 되었고, 다른 나라로부터 수입이 증가하여 많은 종류의 식품을 접할 수 있게 되었다. 현재 정부는 수입식품 관리에 중점을 두고 있다. 식량자급과 수입식품은 관리문제말고는 상대적으로 식품과 영양에 대한 관심은 적었다. 왜냐하면 정부는 경제발전을 우선으로 하였기 때문에 식품정책은 경제적인 관점에서 다루었다. 영양은 단지 전체 경제발전의 작은 한 부분이었다. 그러나 20년동안 한국인의 영양이 개선됨으로써 기대여명과 영아사망율에 있어서 빠른 향상을 가져올 수 있었다. 영아사망율은 1970년도에 1000명당 45명이었던 것이 1996년에는 8명으로 감소하였고, 기대여명은 같은 시기에 63세에서 73세로 증가하였다. 이것은 세계 어디에서도 볼 수 없었던 빠른 향상이다. 지금 한국은 질병의 형태가 변화하는 과정에 있으며 만성질병의 위험에 직면해있다. 한국의 식생활지침은 식품영양심의위원회의 도움으로 1989년 보건북지부에서 발표하였다. 최근 새로운 식생활지침은 정부의 관심과 지지를 받으며 개발 중에 있다. 현재 사용되는 식생활지침은 1) 여러 가지 식품을 골고루 먹자. 2) 정상체중을 유지할 수 있도록 알맞게 먹자. 3) 음식은 되도록 싱겁게 먹자. 4) 너무 많은 알코을 섬취를 피하자. 5) 식사를 규칙적으로 즐겁게 먹자. 이다.
Adachi, Mayuko,Itoh, Kunio,Masubuchi, Akiko,Watanabe, Nobuaki,Tanaka, Yorihisa Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.6
We demonstrated the genetic polymorphism of aldehyde oxidase (AO) in Donryu strain rats: the ultrarapid metabolizer (UM) with nucleotide mutation of (377G, 2604C) coding for amino acid substitution of (110Gly, 852Val), extensive metabolizer (EM) with (377G/A, 2604C/T) coding for (110Gly/Ser, 852Val/Ala), and poor metabolizer (PM) with (377A, 2604T) coding for (110Ser, 852Ala), respectively. The results suggested that 377G > A and/or 2604C > T should be responsible for the genetic polymorphism. In this study, we constructed an E. coli expression system of four types of AO cDNA including Mut-1 with (377G, 2604T) and Mut-2 with (377A, 2604C) as well as naturally existing nucleotide sequences of UM and PM in order to clarify which one is responsible for the polymorphism. Mut-1 and Mut-2 showed almost the same high and low activity as that of the UM and PM groups, respectively. Thus, the expression study of mutant AO cDNA directly revealed that the nucleotide substitution of 377G > A, but not that of 2604C > T, will play a critical role in the genetic polymorphism of AO in Donryu strain rats. The reason amino acid substitution will cause genetic polymorphism in AO activity was discussed.
Adachi, N.,Kusuhara, T.,Nonaka, I.,Terada, F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.6
This study compared the effects of two levels of crude protein (CP) supplementation during a close-up dry period on the productive performance, nitrogen balance, and blood profiles of Holstein cows. Eighteen cows (8 primigravid and 10 multiparous), 21 days prior to calving, were divided into four groups and fed a diet containing a low (11.5 to 12.7% CP) or high (14.1 to 15.3% CP) level of protein. Following parturition, all cows were offered the same diet. Nitrogen balance was measured 12 d to 10 d prior to the expected calving date. Whole feces and urine were collected. The higher close-up CP did not improve milk production during the early lactation period (14 w) in multiparous cows but tended to increase production by 2 kg of milk per day in primigravid cows. There were no differences in the weight of calves, the weight of the placenta, or the incidence of calving difficulty. Nitrogen intake, urine nitrogen and nitrogen retention were increased by the higher CP diet in primigravid and multiparous cows. All groups of cows showed a positive nitrogen balance. In particular, higher nitrogen retention was observed in primigravid cows fed the higher CP diet. With the exception of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), non of the blood profiles were influenced by the CP level. The higher close-up CP increased the PUN during the period studied in primigravid and multiparous cows. These results indicate that a CP level of 14% during a close-up dry period is optimal for primigravid cows, and 12% CP level is sufficient for multiparous cows.
Adachi, N.,Suzuki, K.,Kasai, K.,Hiroki, M.,Kume, S.,Nonaka, I.,Abe, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.3
Data of 15 multiparous Holstein cows kept at Ibaraki Prefectural Animal Experiment Station were collected from 10 weeks prepartum to 20 weeks postpartum. Cows were assigned randomly to a soybean meal (S8M) diet or a fish meal (FM) diet from 4 weeks before expected calving date to 20 weeks postpartum. Each diet was formulated to contain similar amounts of CP, ADF, and NDF. In the FM diet, 2.5 and 5% of fish meal were supplemented as total mixed rations in prepartum and postpartum periods, respectively. Compared to the SBM diet, undegraded intake protein (UIP) and Met were higher in the FM diet, but Lys was low. Body weight and dry matter intake were not affected by supplemental FM, and dry matter intake increased by 6 weeks postpartum and maintained constant after 7 weeks postpartum. Cows in the FM diet remained high milk production during the experimental period, but milk yield in the SBM diet decreased gradually after 6 weeks postpartum. Supplemental FM increased milk yield and protein yield from 10 to 20 weeks postpartum when FM intake was 1.19 kg/d, although milk protein was not improved. There were no significance differences in fat content and fat yield between FM and SBM diets. Supplemental FM had no effect on plasma glucose and urea-N at parturition and 7 weeks postpartum. Thus, the increased milk and protein yield may be due to the combination of carryover effect of supplemental UIP or Met in FM from 4 weeks prepartum to 10 weeks postpartum and direct effect of supplemental FM.