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White, G. R.,Ainsworth, R.,Akagi, T.,Alabau-Gonzalvo, J.,Angal-Kalinin, D.,Araki, S.,Aryshev, A.,Bai, S.,Bambade, P.,Bett, D. R.,Blair, G.,Blanch, C.,Blanco, O.,Blaskovic-Kraljevic, N.,Bolzon, B.,Boog American Physical Society 2014 Physical Review Letters Vol.112 No.3
<P>A novel scheme for the focusing of high-energy leptons in future linear colliders was proposed in 2001 [P. Raimondi and A. Seryi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3779 (2001)]. This scheme has many advantageous properties over previously studied focusing schemes, including being significantly shorter for a given energy and having a significantly better energy bandwidth. Experimental results from the ATF2 accelerator at KEK are presented that validate the operating principle of such a scheme by demonstrating the demagnification of a 1.3 GeV electron beam down to below 65 nm in height using an energy-scaled version of the compact focusing optics designed for the ILC collider.</P>
First analysis of solar structures in 1.21 mm full-disc ALMA image of the Sun
Brajš,a, R.,Sudar, D.,Benz, A. O.,Skokić,, I.,Bá,rta, M.,De Pontieu, B.,Kim, S.,Kobelski, A.,Kuhar, M.,Shimojo, M.,Wedemeyer, S.,White, S.,Yagoubov, P.,Yan, Y. Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.613 No.-
<P><I>Context.</I> Various solar features can be seen in emission or absorption on maps of the Sun in the millimetre and submillimetre wavelength range. The recently installed Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) is capable of observing the Sun in that wavelength range with an unprecedented spatial, temporal and spectral resolution. To interpret solar observations with ALMA, the first important step is to compare solar ALMA maps with simultaneous images of the Sun recorded in other spectral ranges.</P><P><I>Aims.</I> The first aim of the present work is to identify different structures in the solar atmosphere seen in the optical, infrared, and EUV parts of the spectrum (quiet Sun, active regions, prominences on the disc, magnetic inversion lines, coronal holes and coronal bright points) in a full-disc solar ALMA image. The second aim is to measure the intensities (brightness temperatures) of those structures and to compare them with the corresponding quiet Sun level.</P><P><I>Methods.</I> A full-disc solar image at 1.21 mm obtained on December 18, 2015, during a CSV-EOC campaign with ALMA is calibrated and compared with full-disc solar images from the same day in H<I>α</I> line, in He I 1083 nm line core, and with various SDO images (AIA at 170 nm, 30.4 nm, 21.1 nm, 19.3 nm, and 17.1 nm and HMI magnetogram). The brightness temperatures of various structures are determined by averaging over corresponding regions of interest in the calibrated ALMA image.</P><P><I>Results.</I> Positions of the quiet Sun, active regions, prominences on the disc, magnetic inversion lines, coronal holes and coronal bright points are identified in the ALMA image. At the wavelength of 1.21 mm, active regions appear as bright areas (but sunspots are dark), while prominences on the disc and coronal holes are not discernible from the quiet Sun background, despite having slightly less intensity than surrounding quiet Sun regions. Magnetic inversion lines appear as large, elongated dark structures and coronal bright points correspond to ALMA bright points.</P><P><I>Conclusions.</I> These observational results are in general agreement with sparse earlier measurements at similar wavelengths. The identification of coronal bright points represents the most important new result. By comparing ALMA and other maps, it was found that the ALMA image was oriented properly and that the procedure of overlaying the ALMA image with other images is accurate at the 5 arcsec level. The potential of ALMA for physics of the solar chromosphere is emphasised.</P>
Stc1: A Critical Link between RNAi and Chromatin Modification Required for Heterochromatin Integrity
Bayne, Elizabeth H.,White, Sharon A.,Kagansky, Alexander,Bijos, Dominika A.,Sanchez-Pulido, Luis,Hoe, Kwang-Lae,Kim, Dong-Uk,Park, Han-Oh,Ponting, Chris P.,Rappsilber, Juri,Allshire, Robin C. Cell Press 2010 Cell Vol.140 No.5
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>In fission yeast, RNAi directs heterochromatin formation at centromeres, telomeres, and the mating type locus. Noncoding RNAs transcribed from repeat elements generate siRNAs that are incorporated into the Argonaute-containing RITS complex and direct it to nascent homologous transcripts. This leads to recruitment of the CLRC complex, including the histone methyltransferase Clr4, promoting H3K9 methylation and heterochromatin formation. A key question is what mediates the recruitment of Clr4/CLRC to transcript-bound RITS. We have identified a LIM domain protein, Stc1, that is required for centromeric heterochromatin integrity. Our analyses show that Stc1 is specifically required to establish H3K9 methylation via RNAi, and interacts both with the RNAi effector Ago1, and with the chromatin-modifying CLRC complex. Moreover, tethering Stc1 to a euchromatic locus is sufficient to induce silencing and heterochromatin formation independently of RNAi. We conclude that Stc1 associates with RITS on centromeric transcripts and recruits CLRC, thereby coupling RNAi to chromatin modification.</P>
White, H,Deprez, L,Corbisier, P,Hall, V,Lin, F,Mazoua, S,Trapmann, S,Aggerholm, A,Andrikovics, H,Akiki, S,Barbany, G,Boeckx, N,Bench, A,Catherwood, M,Cayuela, J-M,Chudleigh, S,Clench, T,Colomer, D,Dar Nature Publishing Group 2015 Leukemia Vol.29 No.2
<P>Serial quantification of <I>BCR–ABL1</I> mRNA is an important therapeutic indicator in chronic myeloid leukaemia, but there is a substantial variation in results reported by different laboratories. To improve comparability, an internationally accepted plasmid certified reference material (CRM) was developed according to ISO Guide 34:2009. Fragments of <I>BCR–ABL1</I> (e14a2 mRNA fusion)<I>, BCR</I> and <I>GUSB</I> transcripts were amplified and cloned into pUC18 to yield plasmid pIRMM0099. Six different linearised plasmid solutions were produced with the following copy number concentrations, assigned by digital PCR, and expanded uncertainties: 1.08±0.13 × 10<SUP>6</SUP>, 1.08±0.11 × 10<SUP>5</SUP>, 1.03±0.10 × 10<SUP>4</SUP>, 1.02±0.09 × 10<SUP>3</SUP>, 1.04±0.10 × 10<SUP>2</SUP> and 10.0±1.5 copies/μl. The certification of the material for the number of specific DNA fragments per plasmid, copy number concentration of the plasmid solutions and the assessment of inter-unit heterogeneity and stability were performed according to ISO Guide 35:2006. Two suitability studies performed by 63 <I>BCR–ABL1</I> testing laboratories demonstrated that this set of 6 plasmid CRMs can help to standardise a number of measured transcripts of e14a2 <I>BCR–ABL1</I> and three control genes (<I>ABL1, BCR</I> and <I>GUSB</I>). The set of six plasmid CRMs is distributed worldwide by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium) and its authorised distributors (https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/reference-materials/catalogue/; CRM code ERM-AD623a-f).</P>
Gennarino, Vincenzo A.,Singh, Ravi K.,White, Joshua J.,De Maio, A.,Han, K.,Kim, J.Y.,Jafar-Nejad, P.,di Ronza, A.,Kang, H.,Sayegh, Layal S.,Cooper, Thomas A.,Orr, Harry T.,Sillitoe, Roy V.,Zoghbi, Hud Cell Press ; MIT Press 2015 Cell Vol.160 No.6
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a paradigmatic neurodegenerative proteinopathy, in which a mutant protein (in this case, ATAXIN1) accumulates in neurons and exerts toxicity; in SCA1, this process causes progressive deterioration of motor coordination. Seeking to understand how post-translational modification of ATAXIN1 levels influences disease, we discovered that the RNA-binding protein PUMILIO1 (PUM1) not only directly regulates ATAXIN1 but also plays an unexpectedly important role in neuronal function. Loss of Pum1 caused progressive motor dysfunction and SCA1-like neurodegeneration with motor impairment, primarily by increasing Ataxin1 levels. Breeding Pum1<SUP>+/-</SUP> mice to SCA1 mice (Atxn1<SUP>154Q/+</SUP>) exacerbated disease progression, whereas breeding them to Atxn1<SUP>+/-</SUP> mice normalized Ataxin1 levels and largely rescued the Pum1<SUP>+/-</SUP> phenotype. Thus, both increased wild-type ATAXIN1 levels and PUM1 haploinsufficiency could contribute to human neurodegeneration. These results demonstrate the importance of studying post-transcriptional regulation of disease-driving proteins to reveal factors underlying neurodegenerative disease.
개에서의 피부, 피부조직학, 임상병리학 및 갑상선 기능에 있어서 지방산 농도에 관한 규정식 중 다양한 단백질들의 제반 영향(6)
White Stephen D.,Rosychuk Rod A.W.,Scott Kathryn V.,Carey Daniel P.,Longardner Curtis,Schultheiss Patricia C.,Salman Mowafak 대한수의사회 1997 대한수의사회지 Vol.33 No.1
12마리의 개들을 12주동안 6종류의 규정식으로 각각 급여시켰다. 규정식들은 단지 단백질원 즉 닭고기, 새끼양의 고기, 물고기, 쇠고기 및 콩이란 것에서만 차이가 있었다. 개들은 CBC 즉, 혈청화학프로필, 요분석, TSH반응시험 및 피부생검을 통하여 평가하였다. 피부생검은 조직학적으로 하는 것과 피부지방산 농도의 측정을 통한 평가, 두가지 방법으로 평가하였다. 평가된 지방산들은 리롤레산, 감마-리롤렌산, 알파-리롤렌산, 아라키돈산, 아이코사테트라에노이산 및 아이코사펜타에노이산 등이었다. 개들은 주관적으로 생검채취부위에서 털의 재성장과 비늘(피부의 얇은 조각)의 존재유무로 평가하였다. 결과에서 보면 각종의 규정식을 급여시킨 개들 사이에서 CBS, 조직적 소견 또는 피부지방산 수치에서 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 쇠고기 규정식을 급여시킨 12마리중 3마리의 개에서 고콜레스테롤 혈증이 있었고, 콩 규정식을 급여시킨 12마리중 9마리의 개에서 알카리성 오줌과 돼지고기를 급여시킨 12마리중 4마리가 비늘이 주관적 증가가 있었고, 털의 재성장이 감소된 것으로 나타났다.
First Observation of Signals Due to KAERI's 10 MeV Electron Beam by Using GEM Detectors
한창희,A. P. White,이병철,조보호,B. J. Ahn,B. S. Moon,C. E. Chung,C. Y. Jung,유동선,김일곤,J. Yu,J. Li,S. H. Jung,하성용,박성태,김원정,Y. H. Han,Y. J. Ha 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.4
Performance tests of a single channel double Gas Electron multiplier (GEM) detector constructed by the Radiation Detector Development Group of Changwon National University (CNU) and a multi-channel double GEM chamber constructed by the High Energy Physics Group of the University of Texas at Arlington was carried out at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI’s) RF accelerator by using 10-MeV electron beams during May 20 - 26, 2006. In this experiment, we observed signals by both 10-MeV beam electrons and X-ray photons in the CNU single-channel double GEM chamber and in the UTA chamber by using an oscilloscope and photographed waveforms. By analyzing the chamber output signals on the oscilloscope, computing the number of X-rays photons produced by bremsstrahlung of the beam electrons in a 2-mm lead plate, calculating the angular distribution of beam electrons caused by multiple scatterings in the lead plate, and estimating the interaction probabilities of X-ray photons in the lead plate, the Ar/CO2 gases fill in the GEM chamber, and the cathode copper layer of the chamber, we were able to determine the time profile of the KAERI’s 10-MeV electron beam bunches. In addition, we were able to derive the spatial electron number density distribution with the time profile determined using the data from this experiment. This experiment is a significant accomplishment because it is the first time the time and the spatial profiles of the KAERI 10-MeV electron beam have been determined using particle detectors. Finally, we also were able to estimate the effective gain of the CNU GEM-007 chamber by analyzing the output currents measured in the chamber.