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Han, S.,Kim-Howard, X.,Deshmukh, H.,Kamatani, Y.,Viswanathan, P.,Guthridge, J. M.,Thomas, K.,Kaufman, K. M.,Ojwang, J.,Rojas-Villarraga, A.,Baca, V.,Orozco, L.,Rhodes, B.,Choi, C.-B.,Gregersen, P. K. Oxford University Press 2009 Human Molecular Genetics Vol.18 No.6
<P>We recently identified a novel non-synonymous variant, rs1143679, at exon 3 of the ITGAM gene associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility in European-Americans (EAs) and African-Americans. Using genome-wide association approach, three other studies also independently reported an association between SLE susceptibility and ITGAM or ITGAM-ITGAX region. The primary objectives of this study are to assess whether single or multiple causal variants from the same gene or any nearby gene(s) are involved in SLE susceptibility and to confirm a robust ITGAM association across nine independent data sets (n = 8211). First, we confirmed our previously reported association of rs1143679 (risk allele 'A') with SLE in EAs (P = 1.0 x 10(-8)) and Hispanic-Americans (P = 2.9 x 10(-5)). Secondly, using a comprehensive imputation-based association test, we found that ITGAM is one of the major non-human leukocyte antigen susceptibility genes for SLE, and the strongest association for EA is the same coding variant rs1143679 (log(10)Bayes factor=20, P = 6.17 x 10(-24)). Thirdly, we determined the robustness of rs1143679 association with SLE across three additional case-control samples, including UK (P = 6.2 x 10(-8)), Colombian (P = 3.6 x 10(-7)), Mexican (P = 0.002), as well as two independent sets of trios from UK (P(TDT) = 1.4 x 10(-5)) and Mexico (P(TDT) = 0.015). A meta-analysis combing all independent data sets greatly reinforces the association (P(meta) = 7.1 x 10(-50), odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.69-1.98, n = 10 046). However, this ITGAM association was not observed in the Korean or Japanese samples, in which rs1143679 is monomorphic for the non-risk allele (G). Taken together along with our earlier findings, these results demonstrate that the coding variant, rs1143679, best explains the ITGAM-SLE association, especially in European- and African-derived populations, but not in Asian populations.</P>
A New MHD-assisted Stokes Inversion Technique
Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Noort, M. van,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Iniesta, J. C. Del Toro,Suá,rez, D. Orozco,Schmidt, W.,Pillet, American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>We present a new method of Stokes inversion of spectropolarimetric data and evaluate it by taking the example of a SUNRISE/IMaX observation. An archive of synthetic Stokes profiles is obtained by the spectral synthesis of stateof- the-art magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations and a realistic degradation to the level of the observed data. The definition of a merit function allows the archive to be searched for the synthetic Stokes profiles that best match the observed profiles. In contrast to traditional Stokes inversion codes, which solve the Unno-Rachkovsky equations for the polarized radiative transfer numerically and fit the Stokes profiles iteratively, the new technique provides the full set of atmospheric parameters. This gives us the ability to start an MHD simulation that takes the inversion result as an initial condition. After a relaxation process of half an hour solar time we obtain physically consistent MHD data sets with a target similar to the observation. The new MHD simulation is used to repeat the method in a second iteration, which further improves the match between observation and simulation, resulting in a factor of 2.2 lower mean chi(2) value. One advantage of the new technique is that it provides the physical parameters on a geometrical height scale. It constitutes a first step toward inversions that give results consistent with the MHD equations.</P>
Named Entity Recognition in Electronic Health Records: A Methodological Review
María C. Durango,Ever A. Torres-Silva,Andrés Orozco-Duque 대한의료정보학회 2023 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.29 No.4
Objectives: A substantial portion of the data contained in Electronic Health Records (EHR) is unstructured, often appearingas free text. This format restricts its potential utility in clinical decision-making. Named entity recognition (NER) methodsaddress the challenge of extracting pertinent information from unstructured text. The aim of this study was to outline thecurrent NER methods and trace their evolution from 2011 to 2022. Methods: We conducted a methodological literature reviewof NER methods, with a focus on distinguishing the classification models, the types of tagging systems, and the languagesemployed in various corpora. Results: Several methods have been documented for automatically extracting relevant informationfrom EHRs using natural language processing techniques such as NER and relation extraction (RE). These methodscan automatically extract concepts, events, attributes, and other data, as well as the relationships between them. Most NERstudies conducted thus far have utilized corpora in English or Chinese. Additionally, the bidirectional encoder representationfrom transformers using the BIO tagging system architecture is the most frequently reported classification scheme. Wediscovered a limited number of papers on the implementation of NER or RE tasks in EHRs within a specific clinical domain. Conclusions: EHRs play a pivotal role in gathering clinical information and could serve as the primary source for automatedclinical decision support systems. However, the creation of new corpora from EHRs in specific clinical domains is essential tofacilitate the swift development of NER and RE models applied to EHRs for use in clinical practice.
María del Carmen Oliver-Salvador,Elisa Morales-López,Enrique Durán-Páramo,Carlos Orozco-Álvarez,Sergio García-Salas 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.4
Cysteine proteases from Jacaratia mexicana,an endemic Mexican plant, could compete in industrial applications with papain. Currently the only way to obtain these proteases is by extracting them from the wild plant. An alternative source of these enzymes is by J. mexicana suspension culture. In this work, this culture was carried out in airlift, bubble column and stirred tank bioreactors,and the effects of shear rate and microturbulence on cell growth, protein accumulation and proteolytic activity were determined. The shear rates in the stirred tank, bubble column and airlift bioreactors were 274 1/s, 13 1/s and 36 1/s respectively, and microturbulences (symbolized by λ, in units of μm) were 46, 79, and 77 μm, respectively. Protein levels and proteolytic activity were linearly correlated with both shear rate and microturbulence. A higher shear rate and a more intensive microturbulence occurred in the stirred tank, producing higher protein accumulation and higher proteolytic activity compared with those of the other two bioreactor systems. Higher shear rate and microturbulence had an elicitor effect on protease synthesis, because microturbulence in stirred tank bioreactors was lower than the average length of J. mexicana cells. Furthermore, cells in the stirred tank were smaller and thinner than those grown in shake flask, bubble column and airlift bioreactors. In summary, proteases were produced by J. mexicana cell cultures in a stirred tank under conditions of high shear rate and intensive microturbulence, which are similar to those which occur in industrial stirred tanks. These results encourage continuation of the process development for large scale production of these proteases by this technology.
Exploratory Tests in a Study of Translation Competence
Hurtado Albir, A.,Beeby, A.,Ferna´ndez Rodri´guez, M.,Fox, O.,Neunzig, W.,Orozco, M.,Presas, M.,Rodri´guez Ine´s, P.,Romero, L. 한국국제회의통역학회 2002 통역과 번역 Vol.4 No.2
This article describes the instruments and experimental tasks used in exploratory tests carried out by the PACTE Group. These tests were undertaken preparatory to the final experiment designed to determine the nature of Translation Competence in written translation-the first phase of a two-phase project designed to investigate the Acquisition of Translation Competence in written translation. A general overview of the characteristics of the research project is given, followed by a description of the aims and objectives of the exploratory tests, the experimental tasks and the instruments used. Some conclusions resulting from these tests are presented.
G. Rojas-George,A. Concha-Balderrama,H. Esparza-Ponce,J.J. Gervacio-Arciniega,M.P. Cruz,V. Orozco-Carmona,A. Reyes-Rojas 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.6
Low-distortion rhombohedral multilayer barium-nickel co-doped BiFeO3 (Bi0.75Ba0.25Fe0.975Ni0.025O3) multiferroic thin films were grown on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by reactive RF magnetron sputtering, as a function of sputtering power. X-ray diffraction showed that Bi0.75Ba0.25Fe0.975Ni0.025O3 multilayer films have a pseudocubic-type structure. Piezoresponse force microscopy demonstrated polarization switching in all films at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy showed different morphologies depending on the sputtering power used during the deposition process and that the thickness of the film decreases from about 142 nm to 72 nm as the sputtering power decreases. Magnetization results showed that as the thickness of the film decreases, the magnetization of the film increases. Thus, there is a direct relation between the sputtering power, thickness and the magnetization of the film. A direct relation between in-plane residual stress and thin film thickness has been obtained. This causes the main axe of the BO6 octahedra to be tilted from 90 to 45 (from thin-film surface) by a texture crystal volume of 29 and 18% in the (012) and (110) crystallographic planes respectively.
A Tale of Two Emergences: Sunrise II Observations of Emergence Sites in a Solar Active Region
Centeno, R.,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Del Toro Iniesta, J. C.,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Noort, M. van,Suá,rez, D. Orozco,Berkefe American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>In 2013 June, the two scientific instruments on. board the second SUNRISE mission witnessed, in detail, a small-scale magnetic flux emergence event as part of the birth of an active region. The Imaging Magnetograph Experiment (IMaX) recorded two small (similar to 5 '') emerging flux patches in the polarized filtergrams of a photospheric Fe I spectral line. Meanwhile, the SUNRISE Filter Imager (SuFI) captured the highly dynamic chromospheric response to the magnetic fields pushing their way through the lower solar atmosphere. The serendipitous capture of this event offers a closer look at the inner workings of active region emergence sites. In particular, it reveals in meticulous detail how the rising magnetic fields interact with the granulation as they push through the Sun's surface, dragging photospheric plasma in their upward travel. The plasma that is burdening the rising field slides along the field lines, creating fast downflowing channels at the footpoints. The weight of this material anchors this field to the surface at semi-regular spatial intervals, shaping it in an undulatory fashion. Finally, magnetic reconnection enables the field to release itself from its photospheric anchors, allowing it to continue its voyage up to higher layers. This process releases energy that lights up the arch-filament systems and heats the surrounding chromosphere.</P>
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Ketone Metabolism in Heart Failure
Saucedo-Orozco Huitzilihuitl,Voorrips Suzanne N.,Yurista Salva R.,de Boer Rudolf A.,Westenbrink B. Daan 한국지질동맥경화학회 2022 지질·동맥경화학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as powerful drugs that can be used to treat heart failure (HF) patients, both with preserved and reduced ejection fraction and in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. While the mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of SGLT2 inhibitors have not been fully elucidated, there is clear evidence for a beneficial metabolic effect of these drugs. In this review, we discuss the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac energy provision secondary to ketone bodies, pathological ventricular remodeling, and inflammation in patients with HF. While the specific contribution of ketone bodies to the pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors requires further clarification, ketone bodies themselves may also be used as a therapy for HF.
Probing deep photospheric layers of the quiet Sun with high magnetic sensitivity
Lagg, A.,Solanki, S. K.,Doerr, H.-P.,Martí,nez Gonzá,lez, M. J.,Riethmü,ller, T.,Collados Vera, M.,Schlichenmaier, R.,Orozco Suá,rez, D.,Franz, M.,Feller, A.,Kuckein, C.,Schmidt, EDP Sciences 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.596 No.-
Marı´a del Carmen Beltra´n-Orozco,Alfonso Martı´nez-Olguı´n,Marı´a del Carmen Robles-Ramı´rez 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.6
This study aimed to evaluate the influence ofgermination on the content of protein, lipids, fiber, ashes,tryptophan, vitamin C, total phenolic and total flavonoidcompounds, as well as on the protein digestibility andantioxidant activity of chia seeds germinated for 1, 2, 3,and 4 days. The results showed that germination for 2 daysaugmented the protein content of chia seeds by 13% whilefiber, tryptophan, total phenolic and flavonoid contentsincreased by 46%, 93%, 300%, and 197%, respectively,after 4 days of germination. Vitamin C was not detected indry seeds but increased up to 2.33 mg/100 g at fourth dayof germination. The antioxidant capacity increasedapproximately 100% but protein digestibility decreased by14% at day 4 of germination. Germination can be a goodmethod to increase the nutritional and nutraceuticalpotential of chia seed for its use in the design of functionalfoods.