Second preduals of tridual von Neumann algebras are geometrically unique

A. I. Shtern 장전수학회 2008 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.17 No.1

The main result of the note claims that, if a von Neumann algebra Ais the third dual to some Banach space and thus, as is known, is the bidual of somevon Neumann algebra A, then the natural homomorphic projection of A onto theweakly closed two-sided ideal in A isomorphic to A (the kernel of this homomorphismcoincides with that of the canonical projection of A onto A dual to the canonicalembedding of the predual of A in the predual of A) is dened uniquely by A. Thus,the von Neumann algebra A, the image of the above projection, is not only uniquelydened (up to isomorphism) by its enveloping von Neumann algebra A but also theimage of the \canonical normal embedding" of A in A (onto the image of the aboveprojection) is uniquely dened, i.e., this weakly closed two-sided ideal in A isomorphicto A is uniquely dened geometrically. This enables us to rene some known resultson predual spaces of von Neumann algebras.

화이트헤드의 유기체 철학과 쿼크

임진아 ( Jin A Yim ) 한국화이트헤드학회 2013 화이트헤드 연구 Vol.26 No.-

궁극적 물질은 무엇이며, 그 물질의 성질에 대해 연구하는 분야는 물리학 중에서도 소립자물리학의 연구영역이다. 소립자물리학이 궁극적 요소에 대한 사유에는 궁극적 요소는 물질이며, 파동이 아닌 입자적 특성을 가진 그 무엇이 아니겠는가 하는 가정이 전제되어 있다. 20세기 초반, 플랑크의 에너지 양자가설로 인해 촉발된 물리학의 혁명은 물리학이 연구하는 대상인 물질 그 자체에 대한 관점의 전환을 요구했다. 파동과 입자는 양립할 수 없는 물질의 양태이다. 그러나 물질의 이중성으로 잘 알려져 있듯이 파동은 입자의 성질을, 입자는 파동의 성질을 가지고 있다는 것이 드러났다. 또한 극미의 세계에서는 매우 많은 숫자의 소립자가 발견되었으나, 현재 물리학자들은 양성자와 중성자와 같은 핵자를 만드는 근본적인 물질로 간주하는 쿼크 및 전자를 이 세계를 구성하는 가장 근원적인 입자들로 생각 한다.이 글은 두 가지의 목적을 가지고 있다. 첫 번째, 20세기에 양자역학에서 시작된 물질의 이중성으로부터 쿼크가 가진 성질을 통해 전통적인 물질관에 대해 비판하고자 한다. 두 번째, 현재까지도 명쾌한 해답이 제시되지 않고 있는 물질의 이중성 및 쿼크의 실체성에 대한 의문을 화이트헤드의 유기체철학의 관점으로 고찰해보고자 한다. The ultimate matter is what , and an field to study for the property of the material is study are of the particle physics. The ultimate element is matter in the reason for the ultimate element particle physics, And it is to a prerequisite a home doing whether it is the what with the property of the particle that is not wave motion. The prompted physical revolution required the change over of the point of view for material itself which was the object which physics studied(grand prix) by Energy Quantum hypothesis of initial, Planck in the 20th century. Wave motion and a particle are appearance of the materials which they cannot balance. However, it appeared in the wave motion that the particle had a nature of the wave motion with the nature of the particle to be known for the duality of the material well. In addition, the elementary particle of a great many numbers was discovered in the particle physical world, but current physicists think about quark to consider to be a basic material making the nuclear particle which seems to be a neutron with a positive child and an electron with root-like particles to frame this world. This essay consider as two kinds of purposes. It thinks first to think to criticize it for outlook on traditional material through the nature that quark has from the duality of the material which began in quantum mechanics in the 20th century. It thinks to consider a shrug for the second, duality of the material that the answer that is clear to date is not shown and substantiality of the quark at a point of view of the organized body philosophy of A. N. Whitehead.

2G HTS wire with enhanced engineering current density attained through the deposition of HTS layer with increased thickness

A. Molodyk,A. Markelov,A. Valikov,V. Chepikov,A. Petrzhik,B. Massalimov,P. Degtyarenko,R. Uzkih,A. Soldatenko,Kideok Sim,Soon Hwang 한국초전도.저온공학회 2019 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

2G HTS wire with high engineering current density is desired for applications where compact, high power density superconducting equipment is important. We have succeeded in enhancing engineering current density of commercial SuperOx 2G HTS wire based on GdBCO by increasing the HTS layer thickness without fast degradation of the HTS film microstructure. This was possible after improving the temperature uniformity along the HTS film deposition zone. In particular, the wire engineering current density was increased from 700-770 A/mm2 (for a 65 µm-thick wire without stabilisation) or 430-480 A/mm2 (for a 105 µm-thick stabilised wire) at the beginning of this study to almost 1200 A/mm2 (for a 67 µm-thick wire without stabilisation) or 770 A/mm2 (for a 107 µm-thick stabilised wire) at completion of this study.

Search for a very light NMSSM Higgs boson produced in decays of the 125 GeV scalar boson and decaying into τ leptons in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV

Khachatryan, V.,Sirunyan, A. M.,Tumasyan, A.,Adam, W.,Asilar, E.,Bergauer, T.,Brandstetter, J.,Brondolin, E.,Dragicevic, M.,Erö,, J.,Flechl, M.,Friedl, M.,Frü,hwirth, R.,Ghete, V. M.,Hartl, C. Springer-Verlag 2016 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2016 No.1

<P>A search for a very light Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons is presented within the framework of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. This search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The signal is defined by the production of either of the two lightest scalars, h(1) or h(2), via gluon-gluon fusion and subsequent decay into a pair of the lightest Higgs bosons, a(1) or h(1). The h(1) or h(2) boson is identified with the observed state at a mass of 125 GeV. The analysis searches for decays of the a(1) (h(1)) states into pairs of tau leptons and covers a mass range for the a(1) (h(1)) boson of 4 to 8 GeV. The search reveals no significant excess in data above standard model background expectations, and an upper limit is set on the signal production cross section times branching fraction as a function of the a(1) (h(1)) boson mass. The 95% confidence level limit ranges from 4.5 pb at m(a1) (m(h1)) = 8 GeV to 10.3 pb at m(a1) (m(h1)) = 5 GeV.</P>

A characterization of normal subgroups via -closed sets

A. Badawi 장전수학회 2012 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.22 No.2

Let (G, *) be a semigroup, D ⊆ G, and n ≥ 2 be an integer. We say that (D, *) is an n-closed subset of G if a_1 * ... * a_n ∈ D for every a_1, ..., a_n ∈ D. Hence every closed set is a 2-closed set. The concept of n-closed sets arise in so many natural examples. For example, let D be the set of all odd integers, then (D, +) is a 3-closed subset of (Z, +) that is not a 2-closed subset of (Z, +). If K = {1, 4, 7, 10, ...} , then (K, +) is a 4-closed subset of (Z, +) that is not an n-closed subset of (Z, +) for n = 2, 3. In this paper, we show that if (H, *) is a subgroup of a group (G, *) such that [H : G] = n < ∞,then H is a normal subgroup of G if and only if every left coset of H is an n + 1-closed subset of G.

Lebesgue’s criterion for the Riemann integration with respect to a state on a separable unital C*- algebra

A. I. Shtern 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.2

In the paper “Semicontinuous envelopes, Riemann integral, and uniform distribution in C*-algebras” (Funct. Anal. Appl. 29 (4), 268– 275 (1995)(1996)), the author had constructed the Riemann integral with respect to a state on a separable unital C*-algebra A. In particular, the semicontinuous hulls of elements of the enveloping von Neumann algebra A of A were introduced and studied and, for a given state ! on A, a class of selfadjoint elements of the algebra A that are Riemann integrable with respect to the state ω were introduced. It was also proved that this class is the self-adjoint part of a C*-algebra, and relations to the uniform distribution of states of the C*-algebra A with respect to the state ω were indicated. In the present note, we supplement these results by a version of Lebesgue’s criterion for the Riemann integrability of self-adjoint elements of A.

Effect of Mandatory Radiology Consultation on Inpatient Imaging Use : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Bree, Robert L.,Kazerooni, Ella A.,Katz, Steven J. MediMedia Korea 1997 JAMA-Korea Vol.12 No.2

Photocatalytic abatement of phenol on amorphous TiO2-BiOBr-bentonite heterostructures under visible light irradiation

Menelisi C. Dlamini,Mbongiseni L. Dlamini,Pumza Mente,Boitumelo Tlhaole,Rudolph Erasmus,Manoko S. Maubane-Nkadimeng,John A. Moma 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.111 No.-

A simplistic solvothermal process to fabricate novel amorphous TiO2-BiOBr-Bentonite (A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt)multidimensional photocatalysts in this work is a practical and economically feasible technique for thefabrication of the reported photocatalysts as it is a one-pot process. The stickiness of the A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt wet cake and the low drying temperature make A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt a feasible platform compositefor the fabrication of the photoreactive inner coating of water treatment containers for photocatalytictreatment of drinking water. The A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt photocatalyst with an A-TiO2:BiOBr:Bt mass ratio of1:1:2 (Ti1Bi1Bt2) displayed the highest BET surface area of 124.8 m2/g, a low bandgap of 2.86 eV, and sufficientlylow electron-hole recombination rate. The high number of A-TiO2-BiOBr p-n heterojunctions,and the Ti-O-Si and Bi-O-Si bonds between A-TiO2-BiOBr and Bt in Ti1Bi1Bt2 lowered its electron-holerecombination rate with enhanced visible light-harvesting ability. Within 70 min of visible light irradiation,150 mg of Ti1Bi1Bt2 gave 100% conversion of 100 mL of 20 ppm phenol with a pseudo-first-order rateconstant of 0.0322 min1 at pH 4.0. Scavenging experiments showed superoxide radicals (O2) and electrons(e) being the most dominant reactive oxidation species (ROS) responsible for the phenol photodegradationprocess while holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) also exerted appreciableparticipation.

Couette-Taylor crystallizer: Effective control of crystal size distribution and recovery of l-lysine in cooling crystallization

Nguyen, A.T.,Yu, T.,Kim, W.S. North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Journal of crystal growth Vol.469 No.-

A Couette-Taylor crystallizer is developed to enhance the l-Lysine crystal size distribution and recovery in the case of continuous cooling crystallization. When using the proposed Couette-Taylor (CT) crystallizer, the size distribution and crystal product recovery were much narrower and higher, respectively, than those from a conventional stirred tank (ST) crystallizer. Here, the coefficient of the size distribution for the crystal product from the CT crystallizer was only 0.45, while it was 0.78 in the case of the conventional ST crystallizer at an agitation speed of 700rpm, mean residence time of 20min, and feed concentration of 900(g/L). Furthermore, when using the CT crystallizer, the crystal product recovery was remarkably enhanced up to 100%wt with a mean residence time of only 20min, while it required a mean residence time of at least 60min when using the conventional ST crystallizer. This result indicates that the CT crystallizer was much more effective than the conventional ST crystallizer in terms of controlling a narrower size distribution and achieving a 100%wt l-lysine crystal product recovery from continuous cooling crystallization. The advantage of the CT crystallizer over the conventional ST crystallizer was explained based on the higher energy dissipation of the Taylor vortex flow and larger surface area for heat transfer of the CT crystallizer. Here, the energy dissipation of the Taylor vortex flow in the CT crystallizer was 13.6 times higher than that of the random fluid motion in the conventional ST crystallizer, while the surface area per unit volume for heat transfer of the CT crystallizer was 8.0 times higher than that of the conventional ST crystallizer. As a result, the mixing condition and heat transfer of the CT crystallizer were much more effective than those of the conventional ST crystallizer for the cooling crystallization of l-lysine, thereby enhancing the l-lysine crystal size distribution and product recovery.

Development of Sensitive Analytical Method of Rhodanthpyrone A by a LC-MS/MS and its Application to Bioavailability Study in Rats

Kang, Bitna,Yoon, Jeong A,Song, Im-Sook,Han, Young Taek,Choi, Min-Koo Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.3

A sensitive analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rhodanthpyrone A and rhodanthpyrone B (internal standard) in rat plasma were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate. This extraction method gave results in high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 73.75-79.90% with no interfering peaks around the peak elution time of rhodanthpyrone A and B. The standard calibration curves for rhodanthpyrone A ranged from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL were linear with $r^2$ > 0.994 and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision and the stability were within acceptance criteria. Using this validated analytical method, pharmacokinetics of rhodanthpyrone A following intravenous and oral administration of rhodanthpyrone A at doses of 2 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, were investigated. Rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma showed multi-exponential elimination pattern with high clearance and volume of distribution values. The absolute oral bioavailability of this compound was calculated as 3.7%. Collectively, the newly developed sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A could be successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and would be useful for the further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of rhodanthpyrone A.