한약재 주정 추출물이 종자발아와 유묘생장에 미치는 영향

김진효 ( Jin Hyo Kim ),김준영 ( Jun Young Kim ),류성지 ( Sung Ji Ryu ),최근형 ( Geun Hyoung Choi ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),김세리 ( Se Ri Kim ),박병준 ( Byung Jun Park ),조남준 ( Nam Jun Cho ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.3

BACKGROUND: Herbal extracts have been screened fortheir inhibitory effect of seed germination and rootdevelopment on weeds, but there is a scarcity of reports forcrop growth regulation. The objective of this research wasto develop a growth inhibitor on Brassica campestris, andits effective extraction method from herbal medicineextract. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty four herbal medicineextracts were tested for their plant growth inhibitionactivity on B. campestris. The alcohol extracts of Artemisiaannua, Cinnamomum cassia, and Mentha arvensisinhibited over 30% of germination and the extract of A. annua, and C. cassia inhibited over 70% of radicle growthat 0.1 % w/w treatment. The partially purified extracts of A. annua, and C. cassia with dichloromethane and hexaneshowed stronger radicle growth inhibition than the crudeextracts on B. campestris. The diethyl ether extract of A. annua showed a similar 50% radicle growth inhibition (RI50= 45 mg/L) to its partially purified extract withdichloromethane or hexane, but the diethyl ether extract ofC. cassia showed a worse RI50 than the purified extract. CONCLUSION: The alcohol extracts of A. annua, and C. cassia showed potent radicle growth inhibition propertieson B. campestris. Diethyl ether proved to be a good solventfor simple extraction from A. annua.

금강상류의 (錦江上流) 육수학적 (陸水學的) 연구

이상순,조현영 ( Sang Soon Ri,Hyun Young Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1980 생태와 환경 Vol.13 No.1·2

Seasonal variation of water qualities at the Yongho-ri and Godang-ri sites in the upper part of the Keum river was investigated 17th August as summer, 12th october as autumn, 6th December as winter during 1979 and 28th April as spring during 1980. In each site the value of DO showed 8.0∼8.8ppm and 12.8ppm for the summer and spring season and 7.5∼8.2ppm and 9.2∼9.3ppm for the autumn and winter season. The rate of oxygen saturation was found 104% and 116∼120% each summer and spring season and also found 91∼97% and 70∼72% each autumn and winter season in these sites. Judging from the rate of oxygen saturation it was higher in summer and spring than in autumn and winter season. The concentration of Cl^- was show as similar 11.9∼12.93ppm in these sites and also the value of conductivity was show as similar in each site during 4 seasons. Compared with water of Yongho-ri and Godang-ri the value of conductivity, total hardness, alkalinity, PO₄^(-3) and COD were a little higher in Yongho-ri than in Go dang-ri. As a whole the water qualities of this investigated area in upper part of Keum river was clear and not yet polluted.

Enhancing Dermal Matrix Regeneration and Biomechanical Properties of $2^{nd}$ Degree-Burn Wounds by EGF-Impregnated Collagen Sponge Dressing

Cho Lee Ae-Ri The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.11

To better define the relationship between dermal regeneration and wound contraction and scar formation, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) loaded in collagen sponge matrix on the fibroblast cell proliferation rate and the dermal mechanical strength were investigated. Collagen sponges with acid-soluble fraction of pig skin were prepared and incorporated with EGF at 0, 4, and 8 $\mu$g/1.7 $cm^{2}$. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured to 80$\%$ confluence using DMEM, treated with the samples submerged, and the cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. A deep, $2^{nd}$ degree- burn of diameter 1 cm was prepared on the rabbit ear and the tested dressings were applied twice during the 15-day, post burn period. The processes of re-epithelialization and dermal regeneration were investigated until the complete wound closure day and histological analysis was performed with H-E staining. EGF increased the fibroblast cell proliferation rate. The histology showed well developed, weave-like collagen bundles and fibroblasts in EGF-treated wounds while open wounds showed irregular collagen bundles and impaired fibroblast growth. The breaking strength (944.1 $\pm$ 35.6 vs. 411.5 $\pm$ 57.0 Fmax, $gmm^{-2}$) and skin resilience (11.3 $\pm$ 1.4 vs. 6.5 $\pm$ 0.6 mJ/$mm^{2}$) were significantly increased with EGF­treated wounds as compared with open wounds, suggesting that EGF enhanced the dermal matrix formation and improved the wound mechanical strength. In conclusion, EGF-improved dermal matrix formation is related with a lower wound contraction rate. The impaired dermal regeneration observed in the open wounds could contribute to the formation of wound contraction and scar tissue development. An extraneous supply of EGF in the collagen dressing on deep, $2^{nd}$ degree-burns enhanced the dermal matrix formation.

Effect of Glycerin on the Skin Permeation of a Model Drug, Nicotinic Acid

Cho, Ae-Ri,Leam, Hyunju 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2000 藥學論文誌 Vol.11 No.1

The effects of glycerin (propane-1,2,3-triol) on percutaneous absorption of a model drug, nicotinic acid (NA) through hairless mouse skin were investigated. The major objective of this study was to investigate how the hydration property of glycerin either in the donor solution facing stratum corneum or in the receptor fluid facing dermis skin can influence the skin permeation profile of a drug. The steady state skin permeation rates of NA were evaluated using Valia-Chien diffusion cells and analyzed using HPLC. Saturated solutions of NA in different concentrations of glycerin aqueous solutions (0∼50%) were prepared to maintain the thermodynamic activity in donor solutions equal. In another sets of experiment, saturated solution of NA in 40% PEG aq. solution was employed as a donor solution and different concentrations of glycerin were employed as a receptor solution. Glycerin in receptor solution facing dermis side significantly influence the skin permeation rate of NA and the enhancement was concentration dependent. The steady state skin permeation rate showed the highest in 10% and lowest in 50% (19.25 vs 2.59 ㎍/㎠hr). The enhancement effect of glycerin in donor solution showed similar profile but less significantly (6.39 vs 2.71 ㎍/㎠/hr). There were good correlation between hydration property of the skin and the steady state skin flux. As hydration increased, the steady state flux increased. The enhancement of the hydration was more significant with glycerin in the receptor solution facing dermis side as compared with those in the donor solution facing the stratum corneum side. These results suggest that hydration property of glycerin can influence the skin permeation rate quite extensively and the permeation through the tissues containing high water such as dermis can be influenced significantly by the presence of glycerin. High diffusivity induced by the hydration effect of glycerin could be the major contributing factor for the enhanced skin permeation.

Preparation of EGF-incorporated collagen sponge wound dressing

Cho,Ae-ri 德成女子大學校 1997 德成女大論文集 Vol.28 No.-

n an attempt to enhance the functionality of wound and burn dressing, bioactive peptides or proteins such as EGF to dressing materials has been proved effective in previous results. At this moment we intend to develop collagen sponge for wound dressing which bears bioactive functions. First to optimize the condition for binding the protein, we used rat albumin as a model protein. Collagen sponge was prepared by freeze-drying collagen gel composed of 0.5% type -1 collagen from rat tail tendon. To enhance the mechanical strength, the sponge was crosslinked by hexamethylene diisocynate. Albumin was attached to collagen using glutaraldehyde and its binding was identified by ELISA. And we used this method for binding EGF to collagen sponge matrix. Albumin binds to isocynate-crosslinked collagen sponge spontaneously and tween-20 used for removing nonspecific binding showed inhibitory effect on albumin attachment. Also glutaraldehyde enhanced the albumin binding efficiency by 30%.

Controlled Partial Skin Thickness Burns: Rabbit Ear as a 2^nd Degree Burn Wound Model for Studies of Topical Therapy

Cho, Lee Ae-Ri,Moon, Hee-Kyung The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.5

This study was designed to prepare an animal model for partial thickness bum wound which can be employed for testing topical therapy. We first evaluated whether rabbit ear and mouse back skin wound model could differentiate the wound healing process in terms of degree of re epithelialization, required days for complete wound closure, presence of scarring. $2^{nd}$ degree wet bum were prepared on mouse back skin and rabbit ear by applying 5 mL hot water($85{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$) for 7 see followed by 5 mL ice-cold 0.5% acrynol solution for cooling and disinfecting the inflicted area. After removing the dead epidermis layer at 24 hr, tested dressings were applied for specified time and wound progression was investigated. In mouse model, wound contraction was the primary wound closing mechanism, which is quite different from human wound healing process. In rabbit ear model, epidermal regeneration was the major wound healing process rather than wound contraction and the difference in wound healing property among tested dressings could be clearly demonstrated. A rabbit ear model could differentiate the wound progression among open, occluded and epidermal growth factor(EGF) treated wound. Four sites of circular wound(diameter: 1 cm) on the anterior part of rabbit ear could be employed for the comparative wound healing study. For obtaining reproducible bum wound, degree of bum depth and bum sites should be carefully controlled in addition, employing rabbits of same strain and weight. The result suggests that rabbit ear could be employed as a reliable and human-resembled wound model.

Liposomes as Topical Drug Carriers for Improved Dermal Delivery

Cho,Ae-Ri 德成女子大學校 1996 德成女大論文集 Vol.25 No.-

Liposomes may provide the needed physicochemical environment for transfer of drug into the skin. The liposomal formulation could provide a reservoir for the drug and permit its sustained and regular release into the skin. Prolonged release from liposomal delivery systems might be useful in the treatment of a variety of skin diseases.

Phospholipid Polymer, 2-Methacyloyoxyethyl Phosphorylcholine and Its Skin Barrier Function

Cho Lee, Ae-Ri 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2004 藥學論文誌 Vol.15 No.1

The effect of poly[2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine] (pMPC) on the skin permeation property was investigated by performing in vitro skin permeation study of a model drug, nicotinic acid (NA). Effect of pMPC polymer in donor solution on skin permeation rates was evaluated using side-by-side diffusion cells. Also, the structural alterations in the stratum corneum (SC), inter-lamellar bilayer (ILB) and dermis layers in pMPC-treated and -untreated skin sections were investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The permeation profile of NA without pMPC in donor solution showed biphasic mode: initial 1^(st) phase and 2^(nd) hydration phase. The sudden, more than 10-fold increase in flux from the initial steady state (43.5㎍/cm²/hr) to the 2^(nd) hydration phase (457.3㎍/cm²/h) suggests the disruption of skin barrier function due to extensive hydration, The permeation profile of NA with 3% pMPC in the donor solution showed monophasic pattern: the steady state flux (10.9㎍/cm²/h) without abrupt increase of the flux. The degree of NA permeation rate decreased in a concentration-dependent manner of pMPC. TEM of skin equilibrated with water or 2% pMPC for 12 h showed that corneocytes are still cohesive and epidermis is tightly bound to dermis in 2% pMPC-treated skin, while wider separation between corneocytes and focal dilations in inter-cellular spaces were observed in water-treated skin. This result suggests that pMPC could protect the barrier property of the stratum corneum by preventing the disruption of ILB structure caused by extensive skin hydration during skin permeation study.

Understanding the Dermal Esterase Activity in Bioconversion of Ester Analog(Prodrug)

Cho, Ae Ri 덕성여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

To improve the skin permeation of polar drugs, several ester-type prodrugs have been developed. For these ester analogs to be useful clinically, esterase activity must be available in dermal tissues to regenerate the parent compound. The characteristics of dermal esterase in bioconversion of ester-analog focusing on the distribution, metabolizing activity, substrate specificity and species difference of esterases have been reviewed. Significant amount of esterase is present in the skin Enzyme activity for the bioconversion of Ester-analog was found to be present more in epidermis than in dermis. With increasing lipophilicity of the substrate corresponding to an elongation of the acyl chain, the enzymes mediate hydrolytic cleavage more readily. The enzymatic hydrolysis was found to occur fastest in hairless mouse skin followed by rat, guinea pig and man.

Metabolism of Epidermal Growth Factor after Topical Application : In Burn skin and and in Normal skin model 화상피부, 정상피부에서

Cho, Ae-Ri 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1996 藥學論文誌 Vol.7 No.1

The metabolic property of Epidermal Growth Factor, EGF, in the second degree burn skin was studied with the freshly prepared skin homogenates and was compared with the one of normal skin. TLC-Autoradioluminascent graphy, TLC-ARLG, was employed to identify the metabolites of EGF in the skin. In TLC-ARLG study, a new radiation image sensor, a Imaging Plate which is tens to hundreds times more sensitive than previous methods using x-ray film in detecting radio-active specimens was employed. TLC-ARLG study showed that ^125I-EGF was not significantly metabolized in in vitro metabolism study with skin homogenate. Up to 30 min incubation time, 84% of EGF remained as stable and 4% of EGF was metabolized into a peptidic metabolite and 2% of EGF was metabolized into another metabolite. And about 10% of ^125I-EGF was presented as a free ^125I. In the second degree burn skin(100℃, 5 sec burn), no metabolism of EGF was observed indicating burn skin had lost some of the enzymatic capacity of the skin. Our experimental results suggest that EGF, a spherical type polypeptide, does not undergo the significant proteolytic degradation in the skin.