한국어의 음절구조 관점에서 본 일본어 특수박의 발음교육

윤은경(Yoon, Eunkyung),심보토모코(Shimbo, Tomoko) 한국외국어교육학회 2012 Foreign languages education Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a teaching method on morae in Japanese by comparing syllable structures in Korean and Japanese. Generally, Korean speakers of Japanese tend to ignore a rhythmic unit, a mora, and regard special phoneme /N, Q/ as codas of a syllable resulting in a shortage of a number of mora. This paper, therefore, focuses on a number of mora using a Korean syllable structure. The special phonemes /N, Q/ are represented by a new syllable to describe the rhythmic unit in a satisfactory way. In order to create this new syllable, one vowel and one consonant were combined by extending a vowel before special phonemes /N, Q/ and a variant based on the place of articulation of a special phoneme. Subjects were six students enrolled in college. The production tests were conducted to assess the subjects’ language proficiency as a pre-test, and two hour training sessions were carried out with explicit production practice as described above for a total period of three weeks. The results for the production tests revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre-/post-tests (64.2 vs. 89.3). However, it was found that the more complex the syllable structure, the harder it was acquired even after the lessons. It should be emphasized that the teaching method using a syllable structure of Korean for Japanese morae was extremely effective when observed pre and post test.

어말 위치 /ᅩ/의 /ᅮ/ 대체 현상에 대한 문법 항목별 출현빈도 연구

윤은경(Eunkyung Yoon) 한국음성학회 2020 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.12 No.1

본 논문은 구어 말뭉치를 기반으로 한국어 /ᅩ/가 /ᅮ/로 고모음화되는 현상(예, ‘별로’ [별루])에 대해 문법 항목별로 차이를 살펴보는 데 연구 목적이 있다. 한국어의 /ᅩ/와 /ᅮ/는 [+원순성] 자질을 공유하지만, 혀 높이 차이로 변별된다. 그러나 최근 /ᅩ/와 /ᅮ/의 두 모음의 음성적 구분이 모호해지는 병합 현상이 진행 중이라고 여러 논문에서 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 어말 위치의 /ᅩ/가 한국어 자연언어 구어 말뭉치(The Korean Corpus of Spontaneous Speech)에서 음성적으로 [o] 또는 [u]로 실현되는 현상을 연결어미, 조사, 부사, 체언의 문법 항목별로 출현빈도 및 출현비율에 대해 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 연결어미, 조사, 부사에서 /ᅩ/는 약 50%의 비율로 /ᅮ/로 대체되는 것을 확인했고, 체언에서만 상당히 낮은 비율인 5% 미만으로 대체가 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 고빈도 형태소 중에서 가장 높은 /ᅮ/ 대체율을 보인 형태소는 "-도 [두]" (59.6%)였고, 연결어미에서는 "-고 [구]" (43.5%)로 나타났다. 구어 말뭉치를 통하여 실제 발음형과 표준발음의 차이를 살펴보았다는 데 연구 의의가 있다. This study identified the substitution of /u/ for /o/ (e.g., pyəllo [pyəllu]) in Korean based on the speech corpus as a function of grammar items. Korean /o/ and /u/ share the vowel feature [+rounded], but are distinguished in terms of tongue height. However, researchers have reported that the merger of Korean /o/ and /u/ is in progress, making them indistinguishable. Thus, in this study, the frequency of the phonetic manifestation /u/ of the underlying form of /o/ for each grammar item was calculated in The Korean Corpus of Spontaneous Speech (Seoul Corpus 2015) which is a large corpus from a total of 40 speakers from Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. It was then confirmed that linking endings, particles, and adverbs ending with /o/ in the word-final position were substituted for /u/ approximately 50% of the stimuli, whereas, in nominal items, they were replaced at a frequency of less than 5%. The high rates of substitution were the special particle “-do[du]” (59.6%) and the linking ending “-go[gu]” (43.5%) among high-frequency items. Observing Korean pronunciation in real life provides deep insight into its theoretical implications in terms of speech recognition.

의료인류학의 연구동향과 전망: 개념의 전개와 의료사와의 접점을 중심으로

윤은경(YOON Eunkyung),김태우(KIM Taewoo) 대한의사학회 2020 의사학(醫史學) Vol.29 No.3

勞瘵에 대한 고찰 : 결핵과의 비교를 중심으로

尹銀卿(Yoon Eunkyung),金鍾鉉(Kim Jong-hyun) 대한한의학원전학회 2021 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Objectives : The Korean Medical concept Nochae(勞瘵) has been identified as tuberculosis, which is defined as an infectious disease caused by Myobacterium Tuberculosis. However, this identification requires re-examination. Methods : The historical context of tuberculosis was examined, followed by examination of Nochae(勞瘵) as explained in the classical medical texts. The findings were compared. Results : Before tuberculosis was defined by Myobacterium Tuberculosis, there were various discussions on the disease, which overlapped greatly with Nochae(勞瘵). On the other hand, there were notable distinctions as well, which suggest key characteristics of Nochae(勞瘵). Conclusions : Tuberculosis pre-bacteria was understood as a consumptive and infectious disease manifested in symptoms in the Lungs. Nochae(勞瘵) was not defined by its lesion but rather within the contexts of deficiency-fatigue and being caused by parasites called Chung(蟲). Moreover, emotional fatigue was understood as the main cause of Nochae(勞瘵).

조선시대에 사용된 천연염료의 한의학적 활용 가능성 고찰

윤은경(Eunkyung Yoon),이상빈(Sangbin Lee),백유상(Yousang Baik),김종현(Jong-hyun Kim),안진희(Jinhee Ahn) 대한한의학원전학회 2024 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.37 No.2

韓醫學 文獻에 나타난 子宮에 對한 考察

尹銀卿(Yoon Eunkyung),白裕相(Baik Yousang) 대한한의학원전학회 2016 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Objectives : The uterus plays an important role in the woman’s body. In Korean Medical literature, the uterus is mentioned in various contexts according to different perspectives on its meaning and function. An examination of these various contexts is crucial in understanding the meaning of the uterus and to better understand and approach woman’s body. Methods : Aside from the most widely used term Jagung(子宮), there were various terms used to refer to the uterus. Based on a list of these terms, the Siku Qianshu collection of medical literatures was investigated. Contents related to the definition, shape, location, function were extracted and examined. Results : Among the findings, first, there were various terms referring to the uterus similar to contemporary understanding. Some of them referred to the uterus as a whole, while others referred to specific parts, one of which is the placenta. Some reflected a broader perspective on the meaning of the uterus. Second, the functions of the uterus could be summarized as gate keeping, and the maintenance of uterine environment that is related to menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. Third, based on the examination of the meaning of the uterus and its functions, perspectives on the uterus in Korean Medicine could be summarized into two. Conclusions : One viewed uterus as an organ dedicated to reproduction, similar to today’s common understanding. According to this view, uterus is a special organ specific to women, which functions as an incubator for the fetus. The other viewed the uterus as an intangible source of life in the woman’s body. As a general source of life to all human beings, it is not a passive organ but functions as an active source in woman s life phenomena. The two perspectives are not in conflict, but rather reflect the broad range of thought on the concept of the uterus in Korean Medicine. In today’s biomedical society, the diversity and flexibility of these perspectives could shed light on medical practices that have resulted from extreme views on the woman’s body.

臨産徵候에 대한 韓醫學的 考察

윤은경(Yoon Eunkyung)(尹銀卿) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objectives : 본고는 현대의 출산 경향이 정상 출산에 대한 부분적인 지식과 왜곡된 이해로부터 비롯된다는 문제의식 하에 신체에서 벌어지는 현상을 위주로 정상 출산의 모습을 제시하고자 했다. Method : 한의학 문헌에 나타난 임산 징후 내용을 통해 산모의 몸에서 일어나는 변화와 그 기전을 고찰하고, 태아의 변화는 十개월째 태아의 발달과정의 내용을 바탕으로 산모의 몸에서 일어나는 변화와 연관 지어 살펴보았다. Result : 임산 시에 나타나는 위와 같은 징후는 産母의 몸에서 일어나는 변화를 반영하며, 이러한 변화는 子宮을 중심으로 관련 경맥과 장부에서 일어난다. 한편 태아 측에서도 출산을 위한 준비를 하는데, 산모가 태아를 몸 밖으로 내보내기 전까지 스스로 움직일 준비와 모체와 분리하기에 충분한 神이 갖추어지는 것이다. Conclusion : 출산 과정은 胎兒의 배출로 귀결되는 불필요하며 최대한 단축해야 하는 기간이 아니라 원활한 출산을 위해 필수적인 변화가 産母와 胎兒에게서 일어나는 시간이다. Objectives : This paper discusses Normal Birth in the Korean Medical context with a focus on bodily phenomena, with an aim to shed new light on what happens to mothers and the fetuses at the time of birth. Methods : Based on contents in the medical classics, changes that happen to the mother’s body and their mechanisms were examined, followed by changes that happen in the fetus. The developments that happen to the fetus in the final month of pregnancy were studied in relation to aforementioned findings on the mother. Results : Signs of birth presented in the mother’s body are manifestations of bodily changes that happen in a network with certain channels/meridians and viscera/bowels surrounding the uterus. The fetus prepares for birth as well, moving downwards into the mother’s pelvis and his/her shen(神) getting prepared for separation from the mother’s body. Conclusions : The birth process is not a race towards a finish line that ends with the birth of the fetus. It is rather a time wherein necessary changes in both the mother and the fetus takes place for a smooth and healthy birth.

보조사 ‘-요’의 음장 변화에 따른 청자의 지각 차이 비교

윤은경(Yoon Eunkyung),김슬기(Kim Sulki) 한국음성학회 2011 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.3 No.4

This paper investigates whether listeners perceive a different level of politeness when the duration of the Korean sentence-final auxiliary particle ‘-yo’ is varied. A total of 10 Korean sentences were manipulated by lengthening and shortening ‘-yo’ by 10%, 20%, and 30%. The participants included native Korean speakers and Chinese and Japanese learners of Korean (n=10, respectively). They were asked to rate the level of politeness of the stimuli on a 9-point scale. It was found that Korean listeners perceived decreased politeness as the duration of ‘-yo’ was shortened and increased politeness as it was lengthened. However, Chinese and Japanese listeners did not perceive a different level of politeness from the manipulated sentences. This finding suggests that it is important to teach L2 speakers that the duration of the auxiliary particle ‘-yo’ plays a role in Korean listeners’ perception of politeness.

음성 산출의 정규화(normalization) 방법 비교 : Bark Diff., Lobanov, Nearey 1&2, W/F

윤은경(Eunkyung Yoon) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.0 No.59

The purpose of this paper is to examine normalization procedures for acoustical experiments. A total of five scales were used in this empirical study; (a) Bark-difference procedure (vowel-intrinsic) based on perceptual scale Bark (except for the Bark difference, acoustic based vowel-extrinsic procedures were used); (b) Lobanov (z-score transformation), (c) Nearey 1, (d) Nearey 2 (single logmean), and (e) Watt & Fabricius (center of gravity). Vowels /i, e, ε, a, ?, o, u, ?/ in h(V)d syllables were investigated with twelve native speakers of Korean (6 males and 6 females). In order to compare the five statistics, formants were sampled within the steady part of vowels, as judged by visual inspection. The analysis yields two sets of data which allow us to find out the most effective normalization procedure; (a) the degree of overlap among adjacent vowels compared in the vowel plotting spaces and (b) the analysis of the statistical data. These data show that Watt & Fabricius is the most reliable normalization procedure for reducing speaker variations and Bark difference using Z3-Z2 and Z3-Z1 performs as poorly as raw data in Hz for evaluation. The other procedures, Lobanov and Nearey 1 & 2, show similar effectiveness in normalization; a few of the vowels were not distinguished in language requires an appropriate normalization procedure based on the purpose of the research.

의사소통 전략으로서의 언어적, 비언어적 한·중 청자반응 유형 대조

윤은경 ( Yoon Eunkyung ),정염 ( Ding Yan ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.91

본 연구는 한·중 청자반응 표현에 대한 윤은경·정염(2021) 연구를 확장하는 것을 연구 목적으로 삼는다. 언어적 및 비언어적 청자반응 유형의 차이를 한국어와 중국어 청자를 대상으로 살펴보았다. 청자반응 표현의 빈도는 사회적 지위와 인간관계의 친밀도에 따라 측정되었다(교수 대 지인). 이 연구를 위해 총 45명의 참가자가 모집되어 세 집단 중 하나에 배정되었다. 그 결과 한한(한국어 청자) 집단과 중중(중국어 청자) 집단은 지인보다 교수와 대화할 때 청자반응 표현을 더 많이 사용한 반면 한중(한국어 화자 + 중국어 청자) 집단에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 특히 한한 집단은 언어 표현보다 거의 2배에 가까운 비언어적 또는 복합적(언어적 + 비언어적) 청자반응 표현을 사용했으나, 중중 집단은 언어적 표현을 선호했다. 반면, 한한 집단과 중중 집단은 공통적으로 지인과 대화할 때보다는 교수와 대화할 때 비언어적 표현을 더 많이 사용했다. 최근까지 한국어 교육에 대한 연구에서 언어적 또는 비언어적 청자반응 표현은 관심을 받지 못했다. 그러나 청자반응의 실패는 의사소통에 큰 지장을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 보다 면밀한 연구가 필요하다는 점을 확인했다는 데 연구 의의가 있다. This study expands Yoon and Ding’s (2021 to appear) investigation of listeners’ responses as conversational strategies. Verbal and non-verbal backchannels were cross-linguistically investigated among native Korean and Chinese speakers. The frequency of the backchannels was measured according to their social status and the intimacy level of relationships(professors vs. friends). A total of 45 participants were recruited and assigned to one of three groups. The results revealed that the GK (Korean-only) and GC (Chinese-only) groups used more backchannels when conversing with professors than friends, whereas no significant difference was observed within the KC (Korean+Chinese) group. In particular, the GK group used non-verbal or combined (verbal + non-verbal) backchannel expressions almost twice as much as verbal expressions, while the GC group preferred verbal expressions. Both the GK and GC groups used non-verbal backchannels more than verbal ones when talking to professors than when talking to friends. Until recently, verbal or non-verbal backchannels have been neglected in research on Korean language education; however, research on backchannels is necessary in that its failure can significantly impede communication.