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대중/주변문학은 문학의 범주로 성립될 수 있는가?: 결여와 결함을 통한 정의 방식
김정숙 ( Kim Jeong Sug ) 한국불어불문학회 2003 불어불문학연구 Vol.0 No.55
L`existence du terme paralitte´rature sugge`re une entite´ cohe´rente, fonde´e sur les qualite´s intrinse`ques communes des textes concerne´s. Or, au lieu de le confirmer, la de´finition de la paralitte´rature, de´gage´e a` travers surtout le discours critique, nous fait poser une question sur la ve´ritable identite´ paralitte´raire. On se demande s`il ne s`agit pas d`une pratique commode et indispensable pour regrouper certaines productions litte´raires exclues du champ institutionnel. L`opinion des chercheurs se divise sur le proble`me de l`existence de la paralitte´rarite´. Sans doute faudra-t-il plus de recherche pour arriver a` une conclusion convaincante. Pour notre part, nous voulons attirer l`attention sur la conse´quence ne´faste de cette pratique de regroupement textuel qui fait envisager les sous-genres exclusivement de facon ne´gative, en opposition a` un autre corpus, la litte´rature tout court. C`est en terme de manque et de de´fauts que le discours critique de´finit la paralitte´rature. Le pre´sent travail propose de re´fle´chir a` cette discrimination en vue de revoir la pertinence du terme paralitte´rature. L`e´mergence massive de nouveaux lecteurs due a` l`aphabe´tisation ge´ne´rale apre`s la Re´volution et leur demande de plus en plus pressante de lecture est la cause principale du de´classement d`une partie des textes narratifs. Me´fiants vis a` vis du nouveau lectorat, peuple de´pourvu de tout capital culturel et de tout esprit critique, les lecteurs pre´existants e´litistes n`ont pas voulu reconnai^tre les textes consomme´s par lui. D`ou` la naissance de la litte´rature dite populaire, le premier phe´nome`ne paralitte´raire. La paralitte´rature se diffe´rencie e´galement par une autre instance : le producteur du texte. Selon l`institution repre´sente´e par l`histoire litte´raire, la production textuelle de l`auteur qui essaie exclusivement et conscienmment de satisfaire l`attente du public en sacrifiant le besoin de s`exprimer est conside´re´e comme appartenant a` la paralitte´rature. Nombreux sont les manques et les de´fauts impute´s a` ces producteurs qui se plient aux exigences exte´rieures pour s`assurer facilement le succe`s et la stabilite´ financie`re : pas de style, d`ide´e, d`e´tude, de gou^t artistique, d`observation etc, bref, tout ce qu`il faut pour remplir la mission d`un e´crivain litte´raire. Ils me´ritent donc d`e^tre bannis de la re´publique des lettres. Le mauvais lecteur et le mauvais auteur ne pouvaient faire que le mauvais genre. Le texte constitue la preuve e´vidente des carences nombreuses : immoralite´, invraisemblancem frivolite´, ste´re´otypie, irre´alisme, manque de profondeur psychologique, re´pe´tition etc. Le refus violent et, ensuite, le silence me´prisant entourent cette sous cate´gorie litte´raire. Tous ces aspects ne´gatifs peuvent e^tre conside´re´s comme les e´le´ments constituant l`identite´ paralitte´raire, et, de ce fait, se justifie l`existence du terme paralitte´rature en tant qu`une cate´gorie litte´raire. Pourtant, on doit dire que la question paralitte´raire n`est pas pour autant re´solue, puisqu`il faut ve´rifier e´galement la pertinence de ces e´le´ments servant le crite`re de la se´gre´gation. Or, certains e´le´ments paraissent fort contestables pour e^tre applique´s de facon absolue. Il est donc ne´cessaire de les revoir pour rendre la notion objectivement valable.
산전 세포유전학적 검사의 임상적 분석: 서울아산병원 4년 간의 경험
심재윤 ( Sim Jae Yun ),김성훈 ( Kim Seong Hun ),김정숙 ( Kim Jeong Sug ),안송미 ( An Song Mi ),서을주 ( Seo Eul Ju ),유한욱 ( Yu Han Ug ),김구환 ( Kim Gu Hwan ),이지영 ( Lee Ji Yeong ),최은영 ( Choe Eun Yeong ),원혜성 ( Won Hye Se 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.3
Objective : To review and evaluate a total of 2,372 cases of prenatal cytogenetic diagnoses at Asan Medical Center from 1999 to 2002. Methods : We reviewed to medical records of the patients in whom the procedure for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis was performed. A total of 1780 cases of amniocentesis, 455 cases of cordocentesis, and 137 cases of chorionic villus sampling were analyzed. The cytogenetic results, indications for prenatal cytogenetic diagnoses, maternal ages, and the profiles of abnormal karyotypes were reviewed. We calculated the positive predictive value of each indication for abnormal fetal karyotypes and evaluated a factor that was the most sensitive marker for abnormal fetal karyotypes. Results : Among the 2,372 cases of prenatal cytogenetic diagnoses, abnormal karyotypes were identified in a total of 158 cases (6.7%). The most frequent indication for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis was abnormal maternal serum screening (33.9%), followed by ultrasonographic abnomality (22.9%) and old age (20.0%). No significant difference was found between mean maternal age with and without abnormal fetal karyotypes after excluding balanced rearrangements and polymorphisms (31.9±5.3 vs. 32.1±4.5 years). Among the 92 cases of abnormal fetal karyotypes after excluding balanced rearrangements and polymorphisms, the most frequent indication for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis was ultrasonographic abnormality (58.7%), followed by abnormal maternal serum screening (10.9%). The positive predictive value of ultrasonographic abnormality for abnormal fetal karyotype was 9.9%. Conclusion : Among the several indications for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis, ultrasonographic abnormality could be the most predictive marker for abnormal fetal karyotypes.
주매분 ( Ju Mae Bun ),홍선표 ( Hong Seon Pyo ),김정숙 ( Kim Jeong Sug ),이제현 ( Lee Je Hyeon ) 대한본초학회 2003 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.18 No.3
N/A Objectives : Rehmanniae Radix has been used to clear of latent heat and supply yin for a several thousand years. The using types of Rehmanniae Radix are fresh and dried, steam processed. We have studied on the determination methods of Rehmanniae Radix by HPLC. Methods : The Rehmanniae Radix was dried and prepared from the steaming process with diluted ethanol. The herb extract were 5 classes of difference extracting methods that were reflux and sonication in water and methanol respectively, sonication in 30%methanol. And analysis of 5- hydroxymethyl--2- furaldehyde(5~~H~,.IF) and catalpol was conducted by HPLC with reversed-phase C18 column and a LV detector at B3nm and 204nm. Elution was carried out at l.Oml/min with acetonitrile and methanol. water. Results and Conclusions : From this analysis, we found out that the content of 5-HMF was inceased with extration in reflux. Catalpol can be extracted much in water than in methanol. Sonication in 3090methanol for 2h was the better extraction method that can extracted catalpol and 5-HMF at the same time. And 3YGacetonitrile of mobile phase was good resolution and could analyze into catalpol and 5HMF at the same time.