ALK inhibitors of bis-ortho-alkoxy-para-piperazinesubstituted-pyrimidines and -triazines for cancer treatment

Lee, Hyeon Ji,Latif, Muhammad,Choe, Hyeonjeong,Ali, Imran,Lee, Heung Kyoung,Yang, Eun Hye,Yun, Jeong In,Chae, Chong Hak,Jung, Jae-Kyung,Kim, Hyoung Rae,Lee, Chong Ock,Park, Chi Hoon,Lee, Kwangho 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.9

Syntheses of various bis-ortho-alkoxy-parapiperazineanilino-pyrimidines and -triazines of KRCA-0008 analogs are described and their structure-activity-relationship to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is discussed. 5-trifluoromethyl-2,4-pyrimidine analog (2) seems to be most potent in both biochemical and cellular assay in this study, however it shows inferior mice xenograft activity to Crizotinib presumably due to its sub-optimal PK parameters. 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine and 2,4-disubstituted triazine derivatives of KRCA-0008 are less potent or inactive to ALK wt., and this observation is explained with their molecular modeling compared to KRCA-0008.

음성 스트리밍 서비스 음질 개선 및 노이즈 제거를 위한 ASRNNoise 모델 개발

이광호(KwangHo Lee),제정륭(JungRyung Je),이호욱(HoWook Lee),오동빈(Dongpin Oh),이호용(Hoyong Lee),추동원(DongWon Choo),강석우(SeokWoo Kang),송길태(Giltae Song) 한국정보과학회 2018 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.12

Similarities Between American English and Korean Metaphoric and Metonymic Expressions of Anger

Kwangho Lee 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2000 人文社會科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

Movement Constraints and Translating Korean Wh-Questions into English

Lee. Kwangho 한국통번역교육학회 2016 통번역교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

There may arise various kinds of translation problems due to the syntactic differences between Korean and English. In this paper I discuss constraints on English wh-movements and how they are relevant to Korean into English translation problems. In English wh-phrases have to move to the beginning of sentences. However, when there are more than one wh-phrase in an English sentence, only one can move to the beginning of the sentence. It has been argued by transformational-generative syntacticians that there are various kinds of constraints that restrict wh-movement. I argue that literal translation of Korean wh-questions into English does not work in many cases and that translators need to understand the constraints on wh-movement so that they won’t make errors in translating Korean wh-questions into English. They have to know what kind of wh-movement is possible and what kind is not, since not every kind of wh-movement is allowed in English although one wh-phrase has to move to the beginning of English interrogative sentences. This paper shows how important it is for translators to know the linguistic principles underlying the languages they translate, especially when they are so different like Korean and English. Korean translation schools need to include the courses in Korean and English linguistics into their curriculum so that they can educate and train their students of translation properly.

An Agree-based Account of Case Marking in Korean Negation Constructions

Kwangho Lee 현대문법학회 2002 현대문법연구 Vol.29 No.-

Korean Long-form Negation Constructions show peculiar Case marking phenomena. When the main predicate ends with the Connective Ending (CE) -ci, the CE can bear only Accusative Case if the main predicate is a verb, whereas the CE can bear either Nominative or Accusative Case when the main predicate is an adjective. This paper discusses two earlier analyses of the Case marking phenomena based on GB theory, pointing out their shortcomings. I will argue that the Case marking phenomena can be accounted for in a more principled way within the framework of the theory of Agree (Chomsky 1998, 1999) without having to face the problems found in the earlier analyses. I will also argue that a locality condition in terms of c-command, suggested by Chomsky, plays an important role in dealing with the Case marking phenomena.

Electron transport mechanism of bathocuproine exciton blocking layer in organic photovoltaics

Lee, Jeihyun,Park, Soohyung,Lee, Younjoo,Kim, Hyein,Shin, Dongguen,Jeong, Junkyeong,Jeong, Kwangho,Cho, Sang Wan,Lee, Hyunbok,Yi, Yeonjin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.18 No.7

<P>Efficient exciton management is a key issue to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). It is well known that the insertion of an exciton blocking layer (ExBL) having a large band gap promotes the efficient dissociation of photogenerated excitons at the donor-acceptor interface. However, the large band gap induces an energy barrier which disrupts the charge transport. Therefore, building an adequate strategy based on the knowledge of the true charge transport mechanism is necessary. In this study, the true electron transport mechanism of a bathocuproine (BCP) ExBL in OPVs is comprehensively investigated by in situ ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, inverse photoemission spectroscopy, density functional theory calculation, and impedance spectroscopy. The chemical interaction between deposited Al and BCP induces new states within the band gap of BCP, so that electrons can transport through these new energy levels. Localized trap states are also formed upon the Al-BCP interaction. The activation energy of these traps is estimated with temperature-dependent conductance measurements to be 0.20 eV. The Al-BCP interaction induces both transport and trap levels in the energy gap of BCP and their interplay results in the electron transport observed.</P>

A 2.44-pJ/b 1.62–10-Gb/s Receiver for Next Generation Video Interface Equalizing 23-dB Loss With Adaptive 2-Tap Data DFE and 1-Tap Edge DFE

Lee, Jinhyung,Park, Kwanseo,Lee, Kwangho,Jeong, Deog-Kyoon IEEE 2018 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PART 2 E Vol.65 No.10

<P>This brief presents a 1.62-to-10-Gb/s receiver for next generation video interconnected with an adaptive decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). The adaptive DFE facilitates the best bit error rate (BER) performance for various losses of video cables. A differential-pair stage is added to the DFE for extending an effective DFE range, presetting a minimum data level, and calibrating a mismatch offset. Circuit techniques are proposed to relax timing constraints for the direct-feedback DFE architecture. A referenceless frequency acquisition is performed during a dedicated clock recovery phase. The measured BER at 10 Gb/s is lower than 10<SUP>−12</SUP> with a 23-dB loss cable. The RMS jitter and the peak-to-peak jitter of a recovered clock are measured as 2.38 ps and 17.5 ps, respectively. The prototype chip is implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology and occupies an active area of 0.254 mm<SUP>2</SUP>. This receiver consumes 24.4 mW at 10 Gb/s, corresponding to the energy efficiency of 2.44 pJ/b, which is the lowest compared to other recently published video interface receivers.</P>

Pressurized diesel fuel processing using hydrogen peroxide for the fuel cell power unit in low-oxygen environments

Lee, Kwangho,Han, Gwangwoo,Cho, Sungbaek,Bae, Joongmyeon Elsevier Sequoia 2018 Journal of Power Sources Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel concept for diesel fuel processing utilizing H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> is suggested to obtain the high-purity H<SUB>2</SUB> required for air-independent propulsion using polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for use in submarines and unmanned underwater vehicles. The core components include 1) a diesel-H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> autothermal reforming (ATR) reactor to produce H<SUB>2</SUB>-rich gas, 2) a water-gas shift (WGS) reactor to convert CO to H<SUB>2</SUB>, and 3) a H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane to separate only high-purity H<SUB>2</SUB>. Diesel and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> can easily be pressurized as they are liquids. The application of the H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane without a compressor in the middle of the process is thus advantageous. In this paper, the characteristics of pressurized ATR and WGS reactions are investigated according to the operating conditions. In both reactors, the methanation reaction is enhanced as the pressure increases. Then, permeation experiments with a H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane are performed while varying the temperature, pressure difference, and inlet gas composition. In particular, approximately 90% of the H<SUB>2</SUB> is recovered when the steam-separated rear gas of the WGS reactor is used in the H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane. Finally, based on the experimental results, design points are suggested for maximizing the efficiency of the diesel-H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> fuel processor.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel concept of diesel fuel processing with hydrogen peroxide was developed. </LI> <LI> The core parts are diesel ATR reactor, WGS reactor, H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane. </LI> <LI> Diesel ATR, WGS characteristics were analyzed at pressurized condition. </LI> <LI> The permeation experiments of H<SUB>2</SUB> separation membrane were carried out. </LI> <LI> Design points that can maximize the efficiency of the fuel processor were suggested. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Study of American English Metaphoric and Metonymic Expressions of Anger

Lee, Kwangho 호남대학교 2000 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.21 No.1

본 논문에서는 분노를 나타내는 미국 영어의 은유 및 환유 표현에 관해 살펴보고 그 표현들이 어떤 개념 구조를 지니고 있는지 고찰해본다. 은유와 환유 표현들은 체계 없이 임의적으로 만들어지는 것이 아니다. 그러한 표현들은 사람들의 경험을 개념화시켜 나타내는 것이 가능하게 해주는 일정한 체계를 지니고 있다. 분노에 관한 은유 및 환유 표현들을, 분노시 나타나는 신체적 현상에 관한 문화적 모형에 입각하여 분석해 보면 분노를 나타내는 구체적인 개념과 추상적인 개념 사이에 존재론적 그리고 인식론적 대응 관계가 있다는 사실을 발견할 수 있다. 구체적인 개념들은 추상적인 개념들을 보다 구체적으로 개념화 할 수 있도록 도와주는 역할을 한다. 이러한 분석 연구를 통해 감정이 단순한 느낌만인 것이 아니라 복잡한 인지적 개념 구조를 가지고 있는 것이라는 사실을 발견할 수 있게 된다.

Performance evaluation of nano-lubricants of fullerene nanoparticles in refrigeration mineral oil

Kwangho Lee,Yujin Hwang,Seongir Cheong,Laeun Kwon,Sungchoon Kim,Jaekeun Lee 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.2

It has been recognized that the friction coefficient decreases with decreasing viscosity of lubricant oil in lubrication. In general, as the viscosity of the lubricant decreases, the wear rate increases due to a decrease of load-carrying capacity of the lubricant. It has been proposed that nano particles in oil decrease the friction coefficient and wear rate. The purpose of this study is to apply oil, which has lower viscosity and is mixed with nano particles, to the compressor used in a refrigerator to decrease the friction coefficient with the same or superior load-carrying capacity. Mineral oil of 8 mm2/s was used and mixed with fullerene nanoparticles of 0.1 vol%. Friction coefficient was evaluated by a disk-on-disk tribotester. As a result, the friction coefficient of the nano-oil decreased by 90% in comparison with raw oil. These results lead us to the conclusion that nano-oil can contribute to improving the efficiency and reliability of the compressor. It has been recognized that the friction coefficient decreases with decreasing viscosity of lubricant oil in lubrication. In general, as the viscosity of the lubricant decreases, the wear rate increases due to a decrease of load-carrying capacity of the lubricant. It has been proposed that nano particles in oil decrease the friction coefficient and wear rate. The purpose of this study is to apply oil, which has lower viscosity and is mixed with nano particles, to the compressor used in a refrigerator to decrease the friction coefficient with the same or superior load-carrying capacity. Mineral oil of 8 mm2/s was used and mixed with fullerene nanoparticles of 0.1 vol%. Friction coefficient was evaluated by a disk-on-disk tribotester. As a result, the friction coefficient of the nano-oil decreased by 90% in comparison with raw oil. These results lead us to the conclusion that nano-oil can contribute to improving the efficiency and reliability of the compressor.