세계 정상급 멀리뛰기 선수들의 도움닫기, 발구름 동작과 에너지 변환에 관한 연구

류재균 ( Jae Kyun Ryu1 ),송주호 ( Joo Ho Song ),장재관 ( Jae Kwan Chang ),김혜영 ( Hye Young Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2012 체육과학연구 Vol.23 No.4

이 연구는 도움닫기 마지막 세 스트라이드 및 발구름 동작에서 일어나는 동작 변화를 세 개의 운동면에서 분석하고 발구름 구간에서의 에너지 흐름의 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구는 2011년 대구세계육상선수권대회에서 남자 멀리뛰기 결승에 진출한 선수들 중 1위에서 8위에 입상한 선수들을 대상으로 5대의 Sony 비디오 카메라를 사용하여 60Hz로 선수들의 운동장면을 촬영하였으며 Kwon3d 프로그램을 이용하여 운동학적 자료를 산출하였다. 또한 에너지 흐름의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 에너지 변환지수와 에너지 전환효율을 계산하였다. 분석 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 도움닫기 마지막 세 스트라이드의 보폭 변화는 전형적인 멀리뛰기 보폭 변화인 보통-길고-짧게 하는 보폭 패턴을 보였으며, 스트라이드 각은 페널티메이트에서 모든 선수들의 스트라이드 각이 크게 나타났다. 수평면에 투영한 도약각도는 이륙순간 좌우속도에 따라 구름판 이륙시점에서 우측 혹은 좌측으로 도약각이 결정되는 것으로 나타났다. 전후면에서 접지순간 다리의 각도가 작을 경우에는 구름판에서 수평속도의 제동이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이륙순간 다리의 각도가 작게 되면 도약각도는 클 수 있으나 구름판에서 발구름 동작으로 인한 수평속도의 추진력이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 좌우면에서 이륙순간 다리의 각도는 접지에서 이륙순간으로 진행되면서 발구름 다리의 각도가 서로 교차되는 것으로 나타났다. 에너지 변환지수는 경기력이 우수한 선수일수록 높게 나타났으나 Watt 선수처럼 도약각이나 구름판 이륙순간 수평속도의 감속이 크면 작게 나타났다. 에너지 전환효율은 선수들간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 구름판 이륙순간에서 수평속도의 감속이 크고 수직속도가 크게 증가되면 높게 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to reseach the kinematic variables of the last three strides on the cardinal planes and the energetic processes of take-off performance. The subject of this research were the athletes whos ranked within top eighth of the long jump competition at the 2011 Teagu world championship. Each long jump was recorded using a video camera operating at 60Hz and Kwon3D program was used to analyse the video images of the jumps and the results were as follow: 1. The stride patterns of the subjects utilized the long penultimate-short last stride strategy except Manyongga. All subject of 2nd stride angles showed higher angels. 2. The take-off angle in the horizontal plane was determined with medio-lateral velocity. If the angel of leg placement in the sagittalple was smaller the horizontal velocity decreased a lot. The angle of leg placement in the frontal plane was twiseted at the take-off phase. 3. The transformation index values were higher with the whos performed superior but lower with subject like Watt whos performed on the higher take-off angle and the higher decreased horizontal velocity at the take-off board. 4. The conversion efficiencies were not showed any differences among the subjects but were showed higher with the higher decreased horizontal velocity and increased vertical at the take-off board.

세단뛰기 지지국면 시 사지의 각운동량과 운동수행과의 관계

류재균,여홍철 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.1

J. K. RYU, H. C. YEO. The Relationship between the Angular Momentum of the Limbs and the Performance during Support Phase of the Triple Jump. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 65-81, 2004. The purposes of this study were to determine the functions of actions of the limbs during each of the three support phases of the triple jump and their relationships with the performance of the triple jump. Four elite male triple jumpers were participated as subjects. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used to determine and compare the relationships between the change in each component of the normalized angular momentum of the whole body about center of gravity and the actions of the extremities during different support phases. A level of significance at a=.05 was set. After analyzing the angular momentum and correlation during support phase of the hop, step, and jump, the following findings are obtained: The actions of the arms created a side-somersaulting angular momentum about the whole body center of gravity toward the side of the free leg during the support phase of the step, and a somersaulting angular momentum about the whole body center of gravity during each support phase. The action of the free leg created a somersaulting angular momentum about the whole body center of gravity during the support phases of the hop and step.

남자 대학 세단뛰기 선수들의 도움닫기 마지막 3스트라이드의 유형과 접지와 이지 순간의 운동학적 분석

류재균,장재관,김상도 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purposes of this study were to examine the characteristics of the kinematic factors of the final three strides before takeoff of a triple jump and to collect the fundamental quantities of motion in order to improve the triple jump performance. The subjects were the 5 Finalists For an actual 16.70m over in the triple jump at the 2003 World Student Games. The last three strides were analysed using three cameras, The x, y, z coordinates of 20 points defining a Fourteen segment model of the human body were used For Further analysis, After smoothing the raw data with a fourth order Butterworth Filter, the centres of gravity of the subjects were calculated. After analyzing the kinematic data during the final three strides, the following findings were obtained: The last three stride Length changes in triple jump did not have a consistent pattern and showed the varieties in jumpers' technical preference. The height of center gravity was different in each event of the last three strides but the lowest center of gravity was the time of touchdown on the board. The maximum horizontal velocity was shown at the second-last and third-last stride takeoff instances.

도마 손 짚고 몸펴 앞 공중 돌아 540도 비틀기의 운동역학적 분석

여홍철,류재균 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.1

H. C. YEO, J. K. RYU. The Mechanical Analysis of the Hand spring forward and Salto forward straight with 3/2 Turn on the Vault. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 13-26, 2004. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the kinematical and the kinetical factors that calculated from preflight to postflight of salto forward straight 3/2 turn motion between skitters and less-skillers. Four S-VHS video cameras operating at 60Hz were used to record the performances. Five elite male gymnasts were participated in this study as subjects. Three-dimensional coordinates of 21 body landmarks during each trial were collected using a Direct Linear Transformation method. The raw 3-D coordinates of the 21 body landmarks were smoothed using a second order lowpass, recursive Butterworth digital filter and a cutoff frequency of 10Hz. Load cells attached on the beneath of a board were used to attain the kinetic variables. It was found that the more angular momentum in the longitudinal axis, the less vertical velocity and these angular momentum effected the height of peak in the preflight. Also, it was revealed that the larger angular momentum in the medio-lateral axis was rather than it in the longitudinal axis to increase vertical height and rotation force of the body. For the reaction force of springboard, the vertical and the horizontal reaction force were 16.52BW and 3.45BW, respectively. It was found that the higher value of the vertical reaction force induced the faster vertical velocity and the higher angular momentum. of the whole body center of gravity.

A Kinematic Analysis of the Hop Phase in Triple Jump

( Jae Kyun Ryu ),( Chang Hwan Kim ),( Hye Young Kim ) 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회 논문 영문초록집 Vol.2005 No.-

The Relationship between Kinematics of the Limb Motions and Changes in the Velocity of the Center of Gravity of the Whole Body during Support Phase in the Triple Jump

( Jae Kyun Ryu ),( Chul Jung Jung ),( Jin Park ) 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회 논문 영문초록집 Vol.2005 No.-

The Kinematic Comparison and Analysis between National Long Jumpers and Foreign Long Jumpers with Record of over 8 Meter

( Jae Kyun Ryu ),( Jae Kwan Chang ) 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회 논문 영문초록집 Vol.2005 No.-

The Relationship between the Angular Momentum of the Limbs and the Performance during Support Phase of the Triple Jump

( Jae Kyun Ryu ),( Hong Chul Yeo ) 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회 논문 영문초록집 Vol.2005 No.-

Kinematical Aspects Gliding Technique in 500-m Speed Skaters: From Start to Seven Strokes

( Jae Kyun Ryu ),( Young Suk Kim ),( Sung Hong Hong ) 한국운동역학회 2016 한국운동역학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the consistency of the gliding and push-off motion for single leg skating from the first to fourteenth steps. We hypothesized that: 1) there would be no difference in stroke trajectory, step rate, and cycle rate between the left and right steps of gliding; and 2) there would be a difference in the resultant velocity of toe push-off and the horizontal velocity of the center of mass after six step push-offs. Method: The study included five male 500-m speed skaters (mean height, 1.80 ± 0.02 m; mean weight, 76.8 ± 3.96 kg; record, 35.83 ± 0.30 sec; 100-m record, <9.97 sec). Data were collected from the first to fourteenth steps (40 m) and recorded using five digital JVC GR-HD1KR video cameras (Victor Co., Japan) operating at a sampling frequency of 60 fields/sec and shutter speed of 1/500 sec. For each film frame, the joint positions were digitized using the KWON3D motion analyzer. Position data were filtered with low-pass Butterworth 4th order at the cut-off frequency of 7.4 Hz. Results: The right toe of the skating trajectories at 2^nd, 5^th, and 7^th strokes differed from those of the left toe. The angles of the right and left knee demonstrated unbalanced patterns from the flexion and extension legs. The step and cycle rates of the right and left leg differed from the start until 20 m. The resultant velocities of the toe at the push-off phase and of the body mass center diverged before the six push-offs. Conclusion: This study`s findings indicate that the toe of skating trajectory on left and right sliding after push-off should maintain a symmetrical trajectory. The resultant velocity of toe push-off and horizontal velocity from the center of body need to be separated after about six step push-offs.

The Jumping Performance Strategy over 8m in National Long Jumpers through the Kinematic Variable Researches

( Jae Kyun Ryu ) 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회 논문 영문초록집 Vol.2005 No.-