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세계 정상급 멀리뛰기 선수들의 도움닫기, 발구름 동작과 에너지 변환에 관한 연구
류재균 ( Jae Kyun Ryu1 ),송주호 ( Joo Ho Song ),장재관 ( Jae Kwan Chang ),김혜영 ( Hye Young Kim ) 한국스포츠과학원 2012 체육과학연구 Vol.23 No.4
The purpose of this study is to reseach the kinematic variables of the last three strides on the cardinal planes and the energetic processes of take-off performance. The subject of this research were the athletes whos ranked within top eighth of the long jump competition at the 2011 Teagu world championship. Each long jump was recorded using a video camera operating at 60Hz and Kwon3D program was used to analyse the video images of the jumps and the results were as follow: 1. The stride patterns of the subjects utilized the long penultimate-short last stride strategy except Manyongga. All subject of 2nd stride angles showed higher angels. 2. The take-off angle in the horizontal plane was determined with medio-lateral velocity. If the angel of leg placement in the sagittalple was smaller the horizontal velocity decreased a lot. The angle of leg placement in the frontal plane was twiseted at the take-off phase. 3. The transformation index values were higher with the whos performed superior but lower with subject like Watt whos performed on the higher take-off angle and the higher decreased horizontal velocity at the take-off board. 4. The conversion efficiencies were not showed any differences among the subjects but were showed higher with the higher decreased horizontal velocity and increased vertical at the take-off board.
남자 대학 세단뛰기 선수들의 도움닫기 마지막 3스트라이드의 유형과 접지와 이지 순간의 운동학적 분석
류재균,장재관,김상도 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6
The purposes of this study were to examine the characteristics of the kinematic factors of the final three strides before takeoff of a triple jump and to collect the fundamental quantities of motion in order to improve the triple jump performance. The subjects were the 5 Finalists For an actual 16.70m over in the triple jump at the 2003 World Student Games. The last three strides were analysed using three cameras, The x, y, z coordinates of 20 points defining a Fourteen segment model of the human body were used For Further analysis, After smoothing the raw data with a fourth order Butterworth Filter, the centres of gravity of the subjects were calculated. After analyzing the kinematic data during the final three strides, the following findings were obtained: The last three stride Length changes in triple jump did not have a consistent pattern and showed the varieties in jumpers' technical preference. The height of center gravity was different in each event of the last three strides but the lowest center of gravity was the time of touchdown on the board. The maximum horizontal velocity was shown at the second-last and third-last stride takeoff instances.
도마 손 짚고 몸펴 앞 공중 돌아 540도 비틀기의 운동역학적 분석
여홍철 ( Hong Chul Yeo ),류재균 ( Jae Kyun Ryu ) 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.1
H. C. YEO, J. K. RYU. The Mechanical Analysis of the Hand spring forward and Salto forward straight with 3/2 Turn on the Vault. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 13-26, 2004. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the kinematical and the kinetical factors that calculated from preflight to postflight of salto forward straight 3/2 turn motion between skitters and less-skillers. Four S-VHS video cameras operating at 60Hz were used to record the performances. Five elite male gymnasts were participated in this study as subjects. Three-dimensional coordinates of 21 body landmarks during each trial were collected using a Direct Linear Transformation method. The raw 3-D coordinates of the 21 body landmarks were smoothed using a second order lowpass, recursive Butterworth digital filter and a cutoff frequency of 10Hz. Load cells attached on the beneath of a board were used to attain the kinetic variables. It was found that the more angular momentum in the longitudinal axis, the less vertical velocity and these angular momentum effected the height of peak in the preflight. Also, it was revealed that the larger angular momentum in the medio-lateral axis was rather than it in the longitudinal axis to increase vertical height and rotation force of the body. For the reaction force of springboard, the vertical and the horizontal reaction force were 16.52BW and 3.45BW, respectively. It was found that the higher value of the vertical reaction force induced the faster vertical velocity and the higher angular momentum. of the whole body center of gravity.
Kinematical Aspects Gliding Technique in 500-m Speed Skaters: From Start to Seven Strokes
Ryu, Jae Kyun,Kim, Young Suk,Hong, Sung Hong Korean Society of Sport Biomechanics 2016 한국운동역학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the consistency of the gliding and push-off motion for single leg skating from the first to fourteenth steps. We hypothesized that: 1) there would be no difference in stroke trajectory, step rate, and cycle rate between the left and right steps of gliding; and 2) there would be a difference in the resultant velocity of toe push-off and the horizontal velocity of the center of mass after six step push-offs. Method: The study included five male 500-m speed skaters (mean height, $1.80{\pm}0.02m$; mean weight, $76.8{\pm}3.96kg$; record, $35.83{\pm}0.30sec$; 100-m record, <9.97 sec). Data were collected from the first to fourteenth steps (40 m) and recorded using five digital JVC GR-HD1KR video cameras (Victor Co., Japan) operating at a sampling frequency of 60 fields/sec and shutter speed of 1/500 sec. For each film frame, the joint positions were digitized using the KWON3D motion analyzer. Position data were filtered with low-pass Butterworth $4^{th}$ order at the cut-off frequency of 7.4 Hz. Results: The right toe of the skating trajectories at $2^{nd}$, $5^{th}$, and $7^{th}$ strokes differed from those of the left toe. The angles of the right and left knee demonstrated unbalanced patterns from the flexion and extension legs. The step and cycle rates of the right and left leg differed from the start until 20 m. The resultant velocities of the toe at the push-off phase and of the body mass center diverged before the six push-offs. Conclusion: This study's findings indicate that the toe of skating trajectory on left and right sliding after push-off should maintain a symmetrical trajectory. The resultant velocity of toe push-off and horizontal velocity from the center of body need to be separated after about six step push-offs.
Ryu, Ha-Jung,Jung, Ho-Youl,Park, Jung-Sun,Ryu, Gil-Mi,Heo, Jee Yeon,Kim, Jae-Jung,Moon, Song-Mean,Kim, Hung-Tae,Lee, Jong-Young,Koh, Insong,Kim, Jun-Woo,Rho, Jae Kyun,Han, Bok-Ghee,Kim, Hyungtae,Park, S.Karger 2006 International archives of allergy and immunology Vol.139 No.3
<P><I>Background and Methods:</I> Numerous genetic studies have mapped asthma susceptibility genes to a region on chromosome 5q31-33 in several populations. This region contains a cluster of cytokines and other immune-related genes important in immune response. In the present study, to determine the genetic variations and patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD), we resequenced all the exons and promoter regions of the 29 asthma candidate genes in the chromosome 5q31-33 region. <I>Results:</I> We identified a total of 314 genetic variants, including 289 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 22 insertion/deletion polymorphisms and 3 microsatellites. Standardized variance data for allele frequency revealed substantial differences in SNP allele frequencies among different ethnic groups. Interestingly, significant ethnic differences were observed mainly in intron SNPs. LD block analysis using 174 common SNPs with a frequency of >10% disclosed strong LD within most candidate genes. No significant LD was observed across genes, except for one LD block (CD14-IK block). Gene-based haplotype analyses showed that 1-5 haplotype-tagging SNPs may be used to define the six or fewer common haplotypes with a frequency of >5%, regardless of the number of SNPs. <I>Conclusion:</I> Overall, our results provide useful information for the identification of immune-mediated disease genes in the chromosome 5q31-33 region, as well as valuable evidence for gene-based haplotype analysis in disease association studies.</P><P>Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>