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이은일(Eunil Lee) 한국창조과학회 2023 Origin Research Journal Vol.3 No.2
피부색의 다양성은 멜라닌 세포 외에도 다양한 세포들과 여러 요인들이 관여하며, 멜라닌과 관련된 유전자만도 169개를 발견하였다. 따라서 유전자의 조합에 따라 매우 다양한 피부색을 가질 수 있다. 멜라닌은 어두운 색과 밝은색 두가지 종류의 멜라닌이 있으며, 멜라닌이 뭉쳐있는 것을 멜라노좀이라고 하는데 그 크기와 분포에 따라 피부색이 다르게 보인다. 유전적 조합에 따라 피부색은 매우 다양해질 수 있으며, 또한 돌연변이에 의해 멜라닌 생성과 분포가 억제된다면 피부색은 밝은 쪽으로 가게 된다. 피부색은 다양성의 일부일뿐 사람을 구분하는 기준이 될 수 없으며, 피부색에 따른 인종 구분은 전혀 과학적 근거가 없다. 바벨탑 사건 이후 인류가 흩어지면서 유전적 풀이 감소됨에 따라 피부색의 다양성이 감소하였을 것이며, 특정 피부색에 대한 선호도에 따라 특정 피부색이 그 지역의 주된 피부색으로 정착하게 되었을 것이다. 진화론자들은 피부색이 이동에 따른 자외선 노출의 변화에 따라 어두운 피부색이 밝은색으로 진화하였고, 또한 그렇기 때문에 지역 별로 피부색의 분포가 달라졌다고 주장한다. 그러나 자외선 노출에 의한 피부색의 변화는 유전될 수 없으며, 어두운 피부색이 자외선 노출에 의한 비타민D 형성에 문제가 있는 것도 아니기 때문에 이런 주장은 과학적 근거가 없다. The diversity of skin color involves various cells and other factors besides melanocytes, with 169 identified genes related to melanin. As a result, a wide range of skin colors can be attributed to genetic combinations. There are two types of melanin: dark and light. Skin color appears differently based on the size and distribution of melanin clusters known as melanosomes. Genetic combinations can lead to significant variations in skin color. Additionally, if mutations inhibit melanin production and distribution, skin color tends to be lighter. Skin color is just a part of diversity and cannot serve as a basis for distinguishing people. Categorizing races based on skin color lacks scientific basis. After the Tower of Babel incident, as human genetic pools decreased due to dispersal, diversity in skin color likely diminished. Preferences for specific skin colors led to the prevalence of certain skin tones in particular regions. Evolutionary theorists suggest that skin color evolved from dark to light due to change of UV exposure, resulting in varied skin color distributions across regions. However, skin color changes due to UV exposure are not heritable, and the claim that dark skin presents vitamin D synthesis problems due to UV exposure lacks scientific support.
이은일(Eunil Lee),박수홍(Soohong Park) 대한공간정보학회 2021 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
정밀 도로지도는 차로 수준의 공간 정보를 가지고 있어 다양한 위치 기반 서비스에 활용될 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 방대한 공간 데이터들의 신속한 교환이 가능해야한다. 본 논문에서는 공간 데이터를 효율적으로 직렬화할 수 있는 ZZ 직렬화 기법을 설계하였으며 정밀 도로지도 데이터(.shp)를 대상으로 ZZ 직렬화 기법의 성능을 분석하였다. ZZ 직렬화 기법을 통해 경량화가 가능하며 JSON, Protobuf, Geobuf보다 인코딩 속도가 개선된 것을 확인하였다.
아토피피부염 환자에서 체내 거대분자에 대한 산화 스트레스 지표 평가
이은일 ( Eunil Lee ),오은하 ( Eun Ha Oh ),송해준 ( Hae Jun Song ),최원준 ( Won Jun Choi ),백진옥 ( Jin Ok Baek ),이종록 ( Jong Rok Lee ),노주영 ( Joo Young Roh ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회지 Vol.53 No.6
Background: Excessive exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or decreased antioxidants leads to damage of proteins, lipids, and DNA. Previous studies suggest that oxidative stress may be important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Objective: To investigate whether oxidative stress is increased in atopic dermatitis patients compared to a normal control group, we examined DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, ROS production and antioxidant expression. Methods: Patients with atopic dermatitis (n=16; mean Scoring Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD] index=53.06) were investigated compared to a normal control group (n=25). To examine DNA damage in the cellular level, we performed comet assays on lymphocytes and granulocytes taken from patients and control group. To measure lipid peroxidation products, urine and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were analyzed. To examine intracellular redox in lymphocytes, ROS were measured using flow cytometry. Expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1, 2 antioxidants were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Atopic dermatitis patients showed severe DNA damage compared to the control group in both lymphocytes (1.89 and 1.51, respectively, p<0.05) and granulocytes (2.07 and 1.58, respectively, p<0.05). While urine MDA levels were not significantly different between groups (1.64 and 1.13 μM/g respectively, p>0.05), plasma MDA levels were significantly increased in atopic dermatitis patients compared to controls (1.45 and 0.80 μM/g respectively, p<0.005). ROS production by activated lymphocytes was increased in atopic dermatitis patients compared to controls. SOD 1, 2 were expressed in all atopic dermatitis patients without significant increase compared to controls. Conclusion: Increased DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and ROS production in lymphocytes as indices of oxidative stress were observed in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis patients compared to normal control. Although precise mechanism of oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is not defined yet, decreasing ROS exposure or augmenting antioxidant defenses may be alternative therapeutic approaches for atopic dermatitis. (Korean J Dermatol 2015;53(6):456∼461)
단세포전기영동법(Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay)을 이용한 농약 살포자의 DNA손상 평가
이연경(Yeon Kyeng Lee),이도영(Do Young Lee),이은일(Eunil Lee),이동배(Dong Bae Lee),류재천(Jae Chun Ryu),김해준(Hae-Joon Kim),설동근(Donggeun Sul) 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2001 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.21 No.2
Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, also called comet assay, is a rapid and sensitive method to detect DNA damage in single cell level. To evaluate the DNA damage of lymphocytes of pesticides sprayers, SCGE assay was carried out for 50 pesticides sprayers and 58 control subjects. They were interviewed with structured questionnaire to get the information about the kinds and amount of pesticide. Insecticides and fungicides were predominant among pesticides. Major components of pesticides were organophosphorus, organosulfate, cartap, carbamates, and triazole. Sprayed pesticides were classified into two groups. Group I included organophosphorus, organoarsenic, organotin, tetrazine, triazole and gramoxone, which were known to cause DNA damages. Group II pesticide were carbamates, surfactants, organosulfates, etc., which were not found as DNA damaging agents in scientific documents. Olive tail moments of 100 lymphocytes were measured by<br/> KOMET 3.1 program for each person. The means of tail moments were compared between farmers exposed to pesticides and control subjects. Farmers showed higher tail moments than control subjects (2.07±1.40 vs 1.53±0.77, p<0.05). The means of tail moments also were compared among group I sprayers (n=36), group II sprayers (n=24) and, control subjects, and the means of tail moments were 3.45±3.20, 2.66±2.20 and 1.53±0.77 respectively. The difference between means of group I sprayers and controls was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study showed higher DNA damage in farmers exposed to pesticides than control subjects, and<br/> comet assay could be useful as a biological monitoring method of genotoxic pesticides for farmers.
근육 부피 변화에 따른 손동작 분류 알고리즘을 기반으로 한 HCI 시스템의 개발
조은일(Eunil Cho),허정현(Jung Hyun Heo),이정직(Jeongjick Lee),윤영로(Young Ro Yoon) 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11
Objective: The aim of this study is to propose alternative method about sensing muscle activity to classify hand gesture. When human act hand gesture, muscles will be contracted or relaxed. So we use ‘Conductive Rubber Cord’ to measure muscle volume change. Background: Different hand gesture shows different muscle volume change. And about same hand gesture shows very similar muscle volume change. Method: We determine 5 kinds of hand gestures and measure muscle volume change. So we suggest a parameter based on muscle volume change measured by conductive rubber cord. The work is based on two facts. One is that hand gesture or motion is controlled by fore arm and the other is that volume change of forearm occurs by doing hand motion. Based on these facts, we assume that a variety of hand gesture results in various volume change of forearm case by case. Results: The sensitivity of the classification used for the 5 kinds of hand gestures was 96.39%. Conclusion: Muscle volume change is not affected by electric signal or feature of human body. So it didn’t need preprocessing for separate parameter from undesirable signals. This means Muscle volume change is more useful than sEMG or other bio signal. Application: The results of this study might help to determine alternative method about sensing muscle activity. And it can be applied to develop controller for virtual-reality system.