『몰타의 유대인』의 다양한 장르 탐색

황병수 ( Hwang Byung-soo ) 대한영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학연구 Vol.38 No.1

Christopher Marlowe dramatizes his vision of tragedy through the unavoidable doom of Barabas’ single-minded efforts to enjoy great wealth in The Jew of Malta. He enhances the main action of his tragedy by reducing it to various absurd scenes with a bitter satire. The inconsistencies of their words and actions function as an important factor of farce, the lower form of comedy. While the self-contradictory absurdity of human efforts is quite tragic, it can be farcical. He grasps these two aspects of his characters, and dramatizes the tragic elements juxtaposed with farcical elements. By mingling the tragic and farcical elements, he shows sympathy and contempt as well as pity and fear, and maximizes their reciprocal effects. These alleviate tragic tensions as a comic relief and furthermore show the meaning of human life which is inherently absurd and farcical. As a consequence, he provides the audience with serious meaningfulness by leaving it still open to various types of genres: Machiavellian tragedy, tragedy of revenge, tragedy of irony, farcical tragedy, melodrama, tragic farce, black comedy, city comedy and so forth. (Gangneung-Wonju National University)

Felicia Hemans’ Strengthened Domesticity as a Patriotic Piety

Hwang, Byung-Soo(황병수) 새한영어영문학회 2013 새한영어영문학 Vol.55 No.4

In The Domestic Affections and Other Poems, Hemans elucidates that womanly virtue resides in purity, domesticity and piety. She refined and promoted the feminine themes and subject matters which were important to develop a woman’s role serving as a response to the social climate of that day. The social participation of women was extremely restricted. In an era when woman’s subordination to man was regarded as natural, female literary participation could not help being a sphere of writing restricted only to female writers. In her proper sphere, her home, Hemans’ language of sense was totally relied upon the auditory sense and auditory images at first. Her empirical self cannot but be limited in her own sphere. She, however, aspires to expand her poetic realms. So she invokes the poetic muse to help her possess the insight, an inward eye. The inward eye keeps her introspection profound. Constructing her own literary true sphere, her domestic affections fortifies her true womanhood. Especially, her domestic affections are expanded to the extent of love for her motherland, Britain, which is as good as the expanded sphere of her own home. As she feels grief in her patriotic mind, however, she relies upon the religion. Through piety, she builds up her mental fortitude in the times of strife for women.

신규 분리된 Mychonastes sp.의 생장, 지방산 및 색소 생산에 생장배지가 미치는 영향

임경준(Kyung June Yim),장현진(Hyun-Jin Jang),박예지(Yeji Park),남승원(Seung Won Nam),황병수(Byung Su Hwang),정지영(Ji Young Jung),이창수(Chang Soo Lee),김지훈(Z-Hun Kim) 한국해양바이오학회 2022 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This study examined the growth, fatty acid (FA) content, and carotenoids of a newly isolated freshwater microalga, Mychonastes sp. 246, in various culture media. The appropriate temperature and light intensity for culturing Mychonastes sp. 246 were determined as 18°C–22°C and 200–250 μmol/m2/s using a high throughput photobioreactor. The microalgal cells were cultivated in 0.5 L bubble column photobioreactors using BG11, Bold’s Basal media, and f/2 media. According to the growth results of the microalgae, BG11, among the tested media, showed the highest biomass concentrations (3.5 ± 0.1 g/L in 10 d). To enhance the biomass growth of the microalgae, the N:P ratio in BG11 was manipulated from 45:1 to 7:1 based on the stoichiometric cell composition. The biomass concentrations of Mychonastes sp. 246 grown on the manipulated BG11 (MBG) increased to 38% (4.6 ± 0.3 g/L in d) compared with the original BG11 (3.3 g/L). The FA content of the microalgae grown on the MBG was lower (8.4%) than that of the original BG11 (10.1%) while the FA compositions did not exhibit any significant differences. Furthermore, three kinds of carotenoids were identified in Mychonastes sp. 246, zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene. These results suggest an effective strategy for increasing biomass concentrations, FA content, and carotenoids of microalgae by performing a simple N:P adjustment in the culture media.

토착 담수미세조류 메탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 항암효과

장현진(Hyun-Jin Jang),임경준(Kyung June Yim),조복연(Bok Yeon Jo),남승원(Seung Won Nam),남영호(Young Ho Nam),황병수(Byung Su Hwang),이창수(Chang Soo Lee),정지영(Ji Young Jung),우성환(Sung Hwan Woo),이순(Soon Lee),홍은미(Eunmi Hong),김 한국생물공학회 2021 KSBB Journal Vol.36 No.2

In this study, antioxidant and anticancer activities of methanolic extracts from newly isolated freshwater microalgae were investigated. First, four microalgal strains in Korea were identified as Mychonastes sp. 246, Mychonastes sp. 247, Mychonastes pushpae 248, and Mychonastes sp. 249 through 5.8S-ITS2 gene sequencing and their carotenoid contents were analyzed. Then, we accessed antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities of microalgal methanolic extracts. We found that the genus Mychonastes contained 226~2,607 μg/g, 138~1,594 μg/g, and 126~339 μg/g of β-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, respectively. All of the microalgal extracts showed increased antioxidant and anticancer activities in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were 31 ± 7%, 27 ± 8%, 23 ± 7%, and 17 ± 8%, respectively, when treated with 50 mg/mL. From the results of cytotoxicity test, we did not find any serious growth inhibition of human mesenchymal stem cells treated at 10 μg/mL to 200 μg/mL. In addition, the microalgal extracts could effectively inhibit growth of all tested A549, BxPC-3, HepG2, and SKOV-3 cancer cells ranged from 16% to 62% when treated with 200 μg/mL. These results indicate the methanolic extract of four strain of genus Mychonastes could be used as a potential natural material as pharmaceutical ingredients.

비극적 긴장과 희극적 완화 : Dr. Faustus를 중심으로

黃昞秀 한국강원영어영문학회 1984 영어영문학 Vol.- No.5

In his plays Marlowe enchances the main action of his tragedy by reducing it to absurd scenes. In order to express the ludicrous gap between aspiration and any possible fulfillment and to describe the tragic sense resulted from the misdirected desire, he uses the elements of farce, the lower form of comedy. This farcical elements with a savage humor ironically foreshadows the play's tragic ending. It alleviates tragic tension as a comic relief, and also increases the tragic sense as an incentive to it. In Dr. Faustus, Marlowe describes both tragic and ludicrous corruption of Faustus's mind that destroys the soul. Faustus is a limited creature who is possessed by a desire to overcome completely his frustrating, mortal finiteness. The desire to be more than human is finally no different from wanting to be godlike. But this means Faustus's tragic fall. All attempts to achieve perfect self-realization inevitably fail. In this play the ludicrousness of the aspiring mind transformed into his doom is at the same time tragic and farcical. Faustus's action is repeated by Wagner and other Clowns. Through this action, the tragic and farcical elements are nearly merged. Dr. Faustus begins as a dark satire and ends as a satiric tragedy of knowledge. This play can be said as profound irony of man as a sinful, limited creature, obliged to accept humbly the limitations of his life. In a sense, Faustus is a learned fool. These fool-like characters evoke our laughter. But their destruction is tragic. In conclusion, the comic and tragic views of life no longer exclude each other. Comedy and tragedy are identical in the extreme. Human life at its depths is inherently absurd, and farce can tell us more things about our situation than tragedy can. In these respects, Marlowe is one of the greatest playwrights who are capable of mixing the tragic and farcical elements in their plays by simultaneously showing sympathy and contempt as well as pity and fear.

비극적 긴장과 희극적 완화 : Dr . Faustus 를 중심으로

황병수 한국강원영어영문학회 1984 영어영문학 Vol.5 No.1

In his plays Marlowe enchances the main action of his tragedy by reducing it to absurd scenes. In order to express the ludicrous gap between aspiration and any possible fulfillment and to describe the tragic sense resulted from the misdirected desire, he uses the elements of farce, the lower form of comedy. This farcical elements with a savage humor ironically foreshadows the play's tragic ending. It alleviates tragic tension as a comic relief, and also increases the tragic sense as an incentive to it. In Dr. Faustus, Marlowe describes both tragic and ludicrous corruption of Faustus's mind that destroys the soul. Faustus is a limited creature who is possessed by a desire to overcome completely his frustrating, mortal finiteness. The desire to be more than human is finally no different from wanting to be godlike. But this means Faustus's tragic fall. All attempts to achieve perfect self-realization inevitably fail. In this play the ludicrousness of the aspiring mind transformed into his doom is at the same time tragic and farcical. Faustus's action is repeated by Wagner and other Clowns. Through this action, the tragic and farcical elements are nearly merged. Dr. Faustus begins as a dark satire and ends as a satiric tragedy of knowledge. This play can be said as profound irony of man as a sinful, limited creature, obliged to accept humbly the limitations of his life. In a sense, Faustus is a learned fool. These fool-like characters evoke our laughter. But their destruction is tragic. In conclusion, the comic and tragic views of life no longer exclude each other. Comedy and tragedy are identical in the extreme. Human life, at its depths is inherently absurd, and farce can tell us more things about our situation than tragedy can. In these respects, Marlowe is one of the greatest playwrights who are capable of mixing the tragic and farcical elements in their plays by simultaneously showing sympathy and contempt as well as pity and fear.