J 정수장의 하절기 THMs 생성현황과 분말활성탄 처리에 의한 저감효과

황갑수,이장훈,Hwang, Gap-Soo,Lee, Jang-Hoon 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This study was conducted to survey trihalomethane(THMs) levels in finished water of J water treatment plant and examine its reduction by powder activated carbon(PAC) treatment. Samples were collected weekly based and head-space technique was employed to determine THMs levels by G.C-ECD. THMs levels in finished waters were highest in August and showed close relationship with water temperature. All the samples satisfied the drinking water limit(100 ${\mu}$g/l) for THMs. The individual formation rates of THMs were 64.8% for CHCl$_3$, 28.4% for CHCl$_2$BR, 6.5% for CHClBr$_2$ and 0.3% for CHBr$_3$, respectively and showed little monthly difference. The reduction efficiency of THMs formation by PAC treatment was 67% during July and August. Bromine substituents were more efficiently reduced than CHCl$_3$ by PAC.

D 폐수처리장의 폐수처리특성과 화학적고도화의 적용에 관한 연구

황갑수(Gap Soo Hwang) 한국수처리학회 1999 한국수처리학회지 Vol.7 No.4

This study was performed to examine the validity for the practical application of chemical precipitation treatment in D wastewater treatment plant. The content rate of Soluble COD/ Total COD was characteristically high in the influent and the current removal efficiencies of BOD, SS and COD by primary sedimentation and activated sludge process were 89%, 84% and 65% respectively. In jar test for the influent to the reservoir tank and the effluent from the aeration tank, alum generally showed the better removal efficiencies of COD, SS, turbidity and, especially T-P than FeCl₃, as compared on the basis of metal content, and there was no significant difference in the removal efficiency between Alum and PAC as compared on the basis of Al₂O₃ content. In pilot test for primary chemical treatment, using 120㎕/ℓ of chemical dosage, alum showed much enhanced removal efficiencies of BOD, SS and T-P but COD and T-N as compared with the removal efficiencies by current mechanical treatment. The levels of treated-water quality satisfied the permitted limit for discharge, but COD. In pilot test for the application of chemical precipitation treatment linked to the current activated sludge process, the removal efficiencies of BOD, COD and SS were not enhanced by the addition of alum for primary chemical treatment. The removal efficiency of T-P was significantly increased by the same treatment, but that of T-N was not effected. These results suggest that, to maximize the usefulness of the chemical upgrading technologies(CUT) in the wastewater treatment, we should consider many factors, such as the compositional variations and pollution degree of wastewater, the mixture of industrial and domestic sewage and the type of technologies in use.

군산시 가정 수돗물 및 실내 풀장수에 있어 THMs생성에 관한 연구

황갑수(Gap Soo Hwang) 한국환경보건학회 2000 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study was carried out to survey trihalomethane(THMs) levels in drinking tap water and indoor swimming pool water in Kunsan and to improve the quality of public health. In drinking tap water, KumKang wide-area supply showed the much higher THMs level than the 2nd WPP(water purification plant) supply throughout the year. Its THMs levelin summer was close to the drinking water lirnit(100μg/l) for THMs. Of the 3 indoor swimming pools examined, B pool showed the highest THMs level with monthly variation range of 11~55 μg/l. THMs levels in all pools have a tendency to be highest in autumn. The ratio of CHC1₃ to total THMs changed monthly with large variation range in both drinking tap water and swimming pool water, being presumed to be due to the difference of water quality, water treatment or management system and seasonal factors . From these results, it may be needed to consider the establishment of limits for THMs in swimming pool water like that in drinking water.

군산시 K 정수장 처리수중의 트리할로메탄 (THMs) 생성현황 및 특성

황갑수(Gap Soo Hwang) 한국물환경학회 2000 한국물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.3

This study was performed to survey trihalomethane (THMs) formation levels in finished drinking water produced in K water purification plant and to examine its characteristics according to the application of GAC treatment process. During period before the application of GAC treatment process, total THMs formation level was highest in August, seasonally, in summer. It was decreased by GAC treatment significantly, but the average reduction efficiency of THMs formation was decreased with the lapse of operation time of GAC process, when THMs formation was compared with that before the application of GAC treatment. The ratio of CHCl₃ among total THMs was decreased from the 5th month after the application of GAC process, indicating the increased formation of Br-substituent, especially CHClBr₂ and CHBr₃, by GAC treatment Of the water parameters examined, water temperature showed the strongest correlation with THMs formation.

서해안 갯벌에 서식하는 맛조개 중의 중금속 오염특성

황갑수(Gap Soo Hwang),김강주(Kang Joo Kim),신형선(Hyung Seon Shin),여성구(Sung Koo Yeo),김진삼(Jin Sam Kim) 한국물환경학회 2001 한국물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate heavy metal contamination in the burrowing mussels. So1en strictus Gould, from coastal tidal flat in Western coast. Korea and to clarify the biological availibility of heavy metals according to shell size. The sizes of the collected mussels were linearly related to their dry weights of soft parts. The heavy metal levels of the mussels decrease as their dry weights increase. Only Cd levels were the exception indicating its relatively strong tendency of accumulation in organisms. The mussels sampled from a site (S5) showed considerably higher concentration levels than those from elsewhere. However, the mussels from a nearby site (S6) that is about 200m apart from S5 to the north did not show such high levels. Statistical analysis showed that Cr and Ni (Cu and Zn) levels in the mussels are strongly correlated with each other.

입상활성탄(GAC)에 의한 염소처리 정수중 THMs의 제거 및 특성

황갑수(Gap Soo Hwang),장채철(Jae Chul Chang),이장훈(Jang Hoon Lee) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The ability of domestic GAC to remove THMs from treated drinking water was evaluated in pilot column test. GAC column was installed in C water purification plant located in K city and operated for 23 weeks under the given conditions(volumetric flow rate: 120㎥/hr, linear velocity: 6m/hr, EBCT: 15 min). From the breakthrough curve, domestic GAC showed more than 95% of removal efficiency of THMs until 4 weeks after operation, and maintained 90% level until 10 weeks and 80% level until 14 weeks after operation. It showed higher removal efficiency for CHChBr than for CHCl₃. Of the measurements related to organic compounds, KMn04 consumption showed the highest correlation(r²= 0.940) with THMs removal by GAC adsorption. The r² values for TOC and UV{_254} were 0.592 and 0.381, respectively.

폐수처리에 있어 화학적 고도화의 응용에 관한 연구

황갑수(Gap Soo Hwang) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.4

This study was perfomed to examine the validity for the practical application of chemical treatment in D wastewater treatment plant. The content rate of Soluble COD/Total COD was characteristically high in the influent. In jar test for the influent to the reservoir tank and the effluent from the aeration tank, alum generally showed better removal efficiencies of COD, SS, turbidity and, especially T-P than FeCl_3, as compared on the basis of metal content, and there was no significant difference in the removal efficiency between Alum and PAC as compared on the basis of Al_2O_3 content. In pilot test for primary chemical treatment, alum showed much enhanced removal efficiencies of BOD, SS and T-P but COD and T-N as compared with the removal efficiencies by current mechanical treatment. The level of treatedwater quality but COD satisfied the permitted limit for discharge. In pilot test for the application of chemical precipitation treatment linked to the current activated sludge process, the best removal efficiencies of BOD, COD and SS were shown when alum was added to the outlet of aeration tank. The removal efficiency of T-P was significantly increased by the same treatment, but that of T-N was not effected. These results suggest that, to maximize the usefulness of chemical upgrading in the wastewater treatment, we should consider many factors, such as the compositional variations, pollution degree of wastewater, the mixture of industrial and domestic sewage, and the type of technologies in use.

어류 Metallothionein에 대한 특이적 면역 효소 측정법의 확립에 관한 연구

황갑수 한국환경독성학회 1996 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this experiment is to estabilish the sensitive and specific ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) system for the detection of fish metallothionein (MT). Silver carp were injected with Cd of 1~8 mg/kg body wt. 4 times during 10 days. Silver carp was very tolerant species to Cd. Cd induced MT in liver was seperated and purified by gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography and identified by spectrophotometry, native gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. The rabbit antiserum was produced by immunizing rabbit with lyophilized MT, and the competitive ELISA system was estabilished for the detection of fish MT. In the present ELISA system, the detection limit was about 33 ng/ml. When this ELISA system was employed to determine the MT level in the supernatant sample of fish liver homogenate, the reaction curve showed a good parallel corelationship with the calibration curve over a certain dilution range. The results indicate that the competitive ELISA can be a useful tool for the detection of fish MT in the toxicological study and the evaluation of water pollution.

Japanese medaka에 있어 Quercetin의 난자성숙 저해에 대한 조직병리학적 연구 : Oryzias latipes

황갑수 한국환경독성학회 1999 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Endocrine disrupting chemicals probably cause the cytological or/and morphological changes of germinal cells in gonad. Accordingly, this study was aimed to make sure that the effect of hormone-mimicking chemicals on gonad morphology such as decrease of germinal cells, inhibition of cellular maturation and change in the ratio of germinal cells in the different developmental phase can be observed by histopathological procedures and can be a useful bio-indicator for the evaluation of endocrine disruption by environmental chemicals. In this experiment, female Japanese medaka were exposured to quercetin, a phytoestrogen, at the concentration of l00μg/h, quercetin showed the significant decrease in the number and rate of vitellogenic follicular oocytes in the treated group for 4 and 6 weeks. The weak development of yolk could be also observed. We could conclude that quercetin has anti-estrogenic or androgen-like potency by exerting the inhibition effect on oogenesis in fish female- gonad. From the result of this study, the applied methods and techniques can be evaluated to be a useful biomonitoring means for water pollution, expecting a good result of the subsequent study on apoptosis.

어류 Metallothionein의 특성 및 수질오염 평가를 위한 생물모니터링에의 응용

황갑수 한국환경독성학회 1997 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This experiment was performed to examine the immuno-reactive characteristics of fish metal-binding protein, metallothionein (MT), and gain the practical understandings for the proposed use of fish MT as a biomarker. Liver MT induced by Cd in the silver carp was seperated and purified by gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The immuno-reactivity of fish MT was examined with 3 rabbit antisera. Fish MT showed little reactivity with rabbit anti-rat MT antiserum and a weak reactivity with anti-MT peptide antiserum while showed a strong reactivity with rabbit anti-fish MT antiserum. The time-course change of liver MT in the silver carp, after waterborne exposure to 1 ppm of Cd, was checked by Cd-hem method and established competitive ELISA. In both cases, the induction of liver MT showed a good increasing relationship with the exposure days. The results indicate that the fish MT can be developed as a useful biomonitoring means in the toxicological study and for the evaluation of water pollution.