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자동기상관측소의 국지기후대에 근거한 서울 도시 열섬의 공간 분포
홍제우(Je-Woo Hong),홍진규(Jinkyu Hong),이성은(Seong-Eun Lee),이재원(Jaewon Lee) 한국기상학회 2013 대기 Vol.23 No.4
Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity is one of vital parameters in studying urban boundary layer meteorology as well as urban planning. Because the UHI intensity is defined as air temperature difference between urban and rural sites, an objective sites selection criterion is necessary for proper quantification of the spatial variations of the UHI intensity. This study quantified the UHI intensity and its spatial pattern, and then analyzed their connections with urban structure and metabolism in Seoul metropolitan area where many kinds of land use and land cover types coexist. In this study, screen-level temperature data in non-precipitation day conditions observed from 29 automatic weather stations (AWS) in Seoul were analyzed to delineate the characteristics of UHI. For quality control of the data, gap test, limit test, and step test based on guideline of World Meteorological Organization were conducted. After classifying all stations by their own local climatological properties, UHI intensity and diurnal temperature range (DTR) are calculated, and then their seasonal patterns are discussed. Maximum UHI intensity was 4.3℃ in autumn and minimum was 3.6℃ in spring. Maximum DTR appeared in autumn as 3.8℃, but minimum was 2.3℃ in summer. UHI intensity and DTR showed large variations with different local climate zones. Despite limited information on accuracy and exposure errors of the automatic weather stations, the observed data from AWS network represented theoretical UHI intensities with difference local climate zone in Seoul.
RCP 시나리오에 따른 미래 전지구 육상탄소순환 변화 전망
이철(Cheol Lee),부경온(Kyung-On Boo),홍진규(Jinkyu Hong),성현민(Hyunmin Seong),허태경(Tae-kyung Heo),설경희(Kyung-Hee Seol),이조한(Johan Lee),조천호(ChunHo Cho) 한국기상학회 2014 대기 Vol.24 No.3
Terrestrial ecosystem plays the important role as carbon sink in the global carbon cycle. Understanding of interactions of terrestrial carbon cycle with climate is important for better prediction of future climate change. In this paper, terrestrial carbon cycle is investigated by Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 2, Carbon Cycle (HadGEM2-CC) that considers vegetation dynamics and an interactive carbon cycle with climate. The simulation for future projection is based on the three (8.5/4.5/2.6) representative concentration pathways (RCPs) from 2006 to 2100 and compared with historical land carbon uptake from 1979 to 2005. Projected changes in ecological features such as production, respiration, net ecosystem exchange and climate condition show similar pattern in three RCPs, while the response amplitude in each RCPs are different. For all RCP scenarios, temperature and precipitation increase with rising of the atmospheric CO₂. Such climate conditions are favorable for vegetation growth and extension, causing future increase of terrestrial carbon uptakes in all RCPs. At the end of 21st century, the global average of gross and net primary productions and respiration increase in all RCPs and terrestrial ecosystem remains as carbon sink. This enhancement of land CO₂ uptake is attributed by the vegetated area expansion, increasing LAI, and early onset of growing season. After mid-21st century, temperature rising leads to excessive increase of soil respiration than net primary production and thus the terrestrial carbon uptake begins to fall since that time. Regionally the NEE average value of East-Asia (90°E-140°E, 20°N~60°N) area is bigger than that of the same latitude band. In the end-21<SUP>st</SUP> the NEE mean values in East-Asia area are ?2.09 PgC yr<SUP>?1</SUP>, ?1.12 PgC yr<SUP>?1</SUP>, ?0.47 PgC yr<SUP>?1</SUP> and zonal mean NEEs of the same latitude region are ?1.12 PgC yr<SUP>?1</SUP>, ?0.55 PgC yr<SUP>?1</SUP>, ?0.17 PgC yr<SUP>?1</SUP> for RCP 8.5, 4.5, 2.6.
국립기상과학원 플럭스 관측 자료 기반의 JULES 지면 모델 모의 성능 분석
김혜리(Hyeri Kim),홍제우(Je-Woo Hong),임윤진(Yoon-Jin Lim),홍진규(Jinkyu Hong),신승숙(Seung-Sook Shin),김윤재(Yun-Jae Kim) 한국기상학회 2019 대기 Vol.29 No.4
Based on in-situ monitoring data produced by National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, we evaluated the performance of Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) on the surface energy balance for rice-paddy and cropland in Korea with the operational ancillary data used for Unified Model (UM) Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) (CTL) and the high-resolution ancillary data from external sources (EXP). For these experiments, we employed the one-year (March 2015~February 2016) observations of eddy-covariance fluxes and soil moisture contents from a double-cropping rice-paddy in BoSeong and a cropland in AnDong. On the rice-paddy site the model performed better in the CTL experiment except for the sensible heat flux, and the latent heat flux was underestimated in both of experiments which can be inferred that the model represents flood-irrigated surface poorly. On the cropland site the model performance of the EXP experiment was worse than that of CTL experiment related to unrealistic surface type fractions. The pattern of the modeled soil moisture was similar to the observation but more variable in time. Our results shed a light on that 1) the improvement of land scheme for the flood-irrigated rice-paddy and 2) the construction of appropriate high-resolution ancillary data should be considered in the future research.
HadGEM-CC 모델의 RCP 시나리오에 따른 전지구 탄소수지 변화 전망
허태경(Tae-kyung Heo),부경온(Kyung-on Boo),심성보(Sungbo Shim),홍진규(Jinkyu Hong),홍제우(Je-woo Hong) 한국기상학회 2015 대기 Vol.25 No.1
This study is to investigate future changes in carbon cycle using the HadGEM2-Carbon Cycle simulations driven by CO₂ emissions. For experiment, global carbon budget is integrated from the two (8.5/2.6) representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for the period of 1860~2100 by Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 2, Carbon Cycle (Had-GEM2-CC). From 1985 to 2005, total cumulative CO₂ amount of anthropogenic emission prescribed as 156 GtC. The amount matches to the observed estimates (CDIAC) over the same period (136 GtC). As CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere increase, the similar increasing tendency is found in the simulated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and temperature. Atmospheric CO2 concentration in the simulation is projected to be 430 ppm for RCP 2.6 at the end of the twenty-first century and as high as 931 ppm for RCP 8.5. Simulated global mean temperature is expected to rise by 1.6℃ and 3.5oC for RCP 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. Land and ocean carbon uptakes also increase in proportion to the CO₂ emissions of RCPs. The fractions of the amount of CO₂ stored in atmosphere, land, and ocean are different in RCP 8.5 and 2.6. Further study is needed for reducing the simulation uncertainty based on multiple model simulations.