탈(脫)러시아의 최전선, 에스토니아 정당체계와 제도적 배경

홍성우 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2024 EU연구 Vol.- No.72

에스토니아는 소련으로부터 독립한 이후, 인구의 1/4 이상을 차지하는 러시아인 디아스포라, 지리적 인접성, 영토반환 문제로 인해 러시아인의 여론을 무시할 수 없었다. 그러나 최근 두 차례의 의회 선거에서 친러시아 성향의 중앙당이 부진하고, 반러시아 성향의 개혁당과 극우 민족주의 정당인 보수국민당이 약진하면서 에스토니아가 탈러시아 최전선으로 부상하게 되었다. 본 연구는 이러한 현상을 이해하기 위해 에스토니아의 정당체계와 제도적 배경을 분석하였다. 의원내각제를 채택한 에스토니아에서는 의회 선거 결과와 주요 정당 간 연정 및 권력 균형이 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 에스토니아는 대선거구 비례대표제를 채택하고 있어 단일 정당이 과반 의석을 차지한 전례가 없으며, 정부 구성을 위해 의회 내 과반 의석을 확보해야 한다. 따라서 정당의 이해관계에 따라 소수정당과의 연합정부 구성이 필수적인 정치과정이 되었다. 특히 에스토니아의 정당체계는 주요 정당이 중도를 지향하는 구심적 경쟁을 보여왔으나, 최근 보수국민당의 지지세가 상승하면서 사르토리의 온건 다당제로 분류하기에는 부적합해졌다. 대신, 블론델의 지배정당이 없는 다당제로 규정하는 것이 더 적합했다. After gaining independence from the Soviet Union, Estonia confronted significant challenges rooted in the dynamics of its Russian diaspora, territorial reclamation issues, and geographical proximity, factors collectively influencing over a quarter of its population. This demographic composition compelled Estonia to address Russian public opinion earnestly. Subsequently, the country emerged as a pivotal arena in post-Soviet geopolitics. The political landscape witnessed a sluggish performance by the pro-Russian Central Party, juxtaposed against notable strides made by the anti-Russian Reform Party and the far-right nationalist Conservative People's Party, evident in recent parliamentary elections. This study delves into Estonia's distinctive party systems and institutional framework to decipher this phenomenon. Governed by a parliamentary system, Estonia's political landscape hinges significantly on the outcomes of parliamentary elections, as well as the composition and coalitional dynamics among major political entities. Given the electoral framework characterized by proportional representation, securing a parliamentary majority to form a government necessitates coalition-building among diverse political factions, each with distinct ideological orientations and interests. Despite a central competitive dynamic among major parties gravitating towards the center, recent developments, such as the ascendant support for the Conservative People's Party, challenge categorization as a strictly moderate multi-party systems. Instead, Estonia's political environment can be characterized as a multi-party systems without a dominant ruling party, aligning with conceptual frameworks proposed by scholars like Blondel rather than Sartori’s model.

남해 흥선목장의 공간구조와 기능에 대한 연구

홍성우,김재영,강영수 한국문화유산협회 2013 야외고고학 Vol.0 No.17

남해군은 지리상으로 한반도의 가장 남쪽에 위치하여 고대부터 군사적 요충지와 해상교통의 중심지로 이용되어 왔다. 이와 관련하여 다양한 유적이 조사되어 학계에 보고된 바 있으나, 남해군에 운영되었던 3개소의 목장에 대해서는 아직 연구된 것이 없다. 그러나 최근, 남해군 소재 목장 중 고려 및 조선시대에 운영되었던 흥선목장이 진동리유적(경상문화재연구원 2013)에서 발견되었다. 말(馬)은 인류문화 발달에 필수적인 동물로서 고대부터 군사, 교통, 농경, 운반, 교역 등에서 중요한 수단이 되어 왔고, 그에 따라 말을 키우고 관리하는 마정(馬政)은 국가적으로 매우 중요한 사업으로 여겨졌다. 본고에서는 흥선목장 또한 마정사의 중요한 한 부분으로 발굴조사 내용을 토대로 목장의 구조와 기능에 대해 고찰해 보았다. 목장 조사사례를 통해 목장은 방목지와 구집소(驅集所), 구집소 내 다양한 기능을 가진 시설군을 기본구조로 하는 유구복합체로 보았다. 목장의 구성 요건으로 여러 가지가 있겠으나 우선 목장을 구획하는 울타리와 같은 구획시설이 필요하며 이러한 구획시설을 목장성(牧場城)이라 부르고 있다. 흥선목장에서도 방목지와 마집소를 구분하기 위한 목장성이 발견되었다. 여름 및 가을철에는 방목하였다가 겨울철에는 마집소에서 관리하였기 때문에 이를 분리하였던 것이다. 마집소 안에는 말을 사육하고 관리하기 위한 마사(馬舍)와 적초장(積草場), 원장(圓場), 사장(蛇場), 음수지(飮水池) 등을 비롯하여 목자(牧者)의 집과 위전(位田) 등의 시설이 설치되어 있었다. 흥선목장에서도 이러한 시설의 일부로 추정되는 ‘S’자형담장열과 타원형담장열이 조사되었다. ‘S’자형담장열은 말의 점열을 위한 시설로, 타원형담장열은 말을 임시보관하기 위한 시설로 추정해 보았다. 그리고 목장 내 장군산봉수대를 목장운영 당시 외적(도적)의 침입 또는 말의 수송과 관련한 연락처로 보았다. 흥선목장에서 출토된 유물을 검토하여 흥선목장 개시(開始)의 상한을 고려 12세기 후기, 하한을 13세기 후기 정도로 보았으며, 조선시대에 계속 운영되었다가 조선시대 후기 전국적으로 목장이 혁파되었던 고종 32년(1895)에 폐장되었던 것으로 판단하였다. Geographically located at the southernmost part of the Korean Peninsula, Namhae-gun was used not only as a strategically significant place but also as a hub location in marine transportation since ancient times. Archaeological excavations had been carried out on many sites in this region but the three ranches known to have been managed in Namhae-gun had yet to be investigated. However, the remains of Heungseon Ranch, which was one of these three ranches and was managed in the Goryo and the Joseon dynasties, were recently discovered at the historic site of Jindong-ri (Kyeong-Sang Cultural Heritage Research Center, 2013). The horse has been an indispensable animal in the development of human society, being an important means of military operations, transportation, agriculture, delivery, trade, and other activities since ancient times. Horse administration (馬政), in charge of horse rearing and management, was considered to be a key national project. This study investigates the structure and functions of Heungseon Ranch based on the results of the excavation, since these elements were an important part of Heungseon Ranch and of horse administration. Regarding the investigation of the ranch, a ranch can be regarded as a complex body composed of pasture, a horse management building (驅集所), and many related functional facilities, the archaeological traces of which can provide clues regarding the structure and style of the buildings. There are many components of a ranch. For example, the partition facility called a 'ranch wall’ (牧場城)' acts like a fence which divides the ranch. A ranch wall dividing the pasture and horse management building was found at Heungseon Ranch. It was needed because horses were grazed on pasture in the summer and fall, and kept in a horse management building in the winter. There was a stable (馬舍), where horses were reared and managed, a horse hay barn (積草場), a circular wooden fence (圓場), a narrow and wooden horse passage (蛇場), a drinking water reservoir (飮水池) for horses, the houses of horsehands (牧者), and land (位田) belonging to the horse administrative office. A 'S' shaped fence and a circular fence were also identified at the Heungseon Ranch. A 'S' shaped fence is believed to have been a facility used to check and inspect horses, whereas a circular fence was a facility needed to temporarily keep horses. Jangunsan Beacon, located within the grounds of the ranch, is considered to have been a communications facility that was in use at the same time as Heungseon Ranch, which conveyed information on the transportation of horses or acted as an alarm in the case of foreign attacks. This study reviewed the archaeological material excavated from Heungseon Ranch and estimated that the ranch was first established between the latter part of the 12th century and the 13th century. It is thought that Heungseon Ranch was continuously in operation during the Joseon Dynasty until its closure in the 32nd year of King Gojong's reign (1895), in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty. This was a time that ranches were being disbanded throughout the country.

Ⅱ. 한국경제와 중소기업 노사관계 방향

홍성우 전남대학교기업경영연구소 1993 經營情報 Vol.4 No.2

칸트 도덕철학의 주제들에 관한 롤즈적 논의

홍성우 圓光大學校 社會思想硏究所 1993 社會思想硏究 Vol.3 No.-

대학에서의 논술교육 : 그 이론과 실제

홍성우 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2007 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.8 No.-

The abilities for the creative study of science are the applied ones which is possible after premising the ability that we can the critical thinking basically. The critical thinking means the thinking to infer by our reason. To say, it is the reflective thinking to infer reasonably. Therefore, Inference is the core of the critical thinking. The other side, some scholars give definitions that the argumentative writing is the logical one to include the critical reading and to solve creatively the given problems or that it is the writing to use arguments for solving some problems and issues. From this, we can know that the development of the ability of critical thinking is a precondition for achieving the important goals of education for argumentative writing. The goal of this essay is to put in order the practical guiding principles and procedures of the argumentative writing which can raise the level of critical thinking in class. For the sake of this end, I will take 'the abilities which needs for the argumentative writing' and 'the stage and method about the argumentative writing'. Finally, I will also present two programs for the argumentative writing in order to apply in class practically.

G. E. MOORE의 倫理的 言辭들의 考察 : Principia Ethica를 中心으로

洪聖雨 圓光大學校 文理科大學 學徒護國團 1984 文理硏究 Vol.2 No.-

롤즈의 중첩적 합의론

홍성우 범한철학회 1996 汎韓哲學 Vol.13 No.-

매킨타이어의 현대 도덕문화론 : 정서주의 비판과 그 대안을 중심으로

홍성우 圓光大學校 社會思想硏究所 1995 社會思想硏究 Vol.5 No.-

절차적 정책합리성 제고를 위한 시민참여형 도시계획 사례분석 - 서울플랜 2030을 중심으로 -

홍성우,허훈 한국지방행정학회 2014 한국지방행정학보 (KLAR) Vol.11 No.2

This paper aims to review a participatory city planning, the Seoul Plan 2030 which is characterized as a participatory, transparent and procedural reformative city planning. During the working period of Seoul Plan 2030, nearly 100 randomly selected citizens living in Seoul have systematically and substantially participated in the process of city planning. In this light, this paper analyzes the participatory Seoul Plan 2030 in terms of procedural policy rationality which is composed of a free discussion and interaction between actors(fairness & openness], the presence of discussion rules & democratic participation(institutionalization & democracy), and beliefs and values shared among the participants(representativeness). The analysis shows that the Seoul Plan 2030 would be positively evaluated as a kind of participatory and collaborative planning seeking for procedural policy rationality. The Seoul Plan 2030 has reflected the awareness of substantial public participation and set the direction to be collaboration among Seoul municipality, experts and citizen groups to set up a city plan. However, it also reveals a few limitations of citizens' participation in the city planning process from the viewpoint of institutionalization, democracy and representativeness of a participatory city planning for attaining procedural policy rationality.

비장낭종 1례 보고

홍성우,백인욱,이혁상 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.3

Splenic cyst is a relatively rare disease. The majority(two thirds) are parasitic, caused by Ecchinococcus granulosus. True non-parasitic splenic cysts represent one quarter of all non-parasitic splenic cysts, the remainder being pseudocysts. The majority of true non-parasitic splenic cysts are epidermoid cyst. We experienced a case of true splenic cyst, successfully treated with splenectomy. We report this case with brief review of the literature.