체제전환이후 사회주의 선행개방국가의 농지사유화 비교연구 - 헝가리 , 루마니아 , 구동독을 중심으로 -

홍성규,김경량 ( Sung Kyu Hong,Kyung Ryang Kim ) 한국농업경제학회 1997 農業經濟硏究 Vol.38 No.2

투자자-국가간 분쟁해결제도를 활용한FTA 접근전략

홍성규(Sung Kyu Hong) 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.1

The Investor-State Dispute Settlement(ISDS) is a system in which it is possible to requestinternational arbitration or to bring a lawsuit to domestic court against the government ofa host state in order to preserve investors' damage, This may be applicable, in case aninvestor has losses due to the violation of duties and investment contract in the investmentagreement by the government hosting the investment. The invest-relevant norms included in Free Trade Agreement(FTA) are a little differentdepending on each country. In our position with inferior foreign negotiating power, it wouldbe needed to have consistent FTA policies by setting up the standard dispute settlementmodels in accordance with investment agreements. In order to survive major economicpowers and also to minimize the political influences, it would be important to set up aconsistent and efficient dispute settlement mechanism including using ICSID arbitration forfuture agreements such as the Korea-China FTA. Since one side of the international investment dispute is a state, it is different from theinternational commercial arbitration which is a dispute settlement system between companies. As most of them are settled by the international arbitration of ICSID, we should study theinternational arbitration mechanism of ICSID and then apply it to the conclusions of FTAand Bilateral Investment Treaty(BIT) for much quicker and fairer investment disputesettlement.

점성유체 액/고 순환유동층에서 입자의 순환속도

홍성규 ( Sung Kyu Hong ),장형륜 ( Hyung Ryun Jang ),임대호 ( Dae Ho Lim ),유동준 ( Dong Jun Yoo ),강용 ( Yong Kang ) 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.54 No.5

Characteristics of solid circulation rate in the liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds with viscous liquid medium were investigated. Effects of primary and secondary liquid velocities, particle size, liquid viscosity and height of solid particles piled up in the solid recycle device on the solid circulation rate were considered. The solid circulation rate increased with increasing primary and secondary liquid velocities, liquid viscosity and height of solid particles in the downcommer, but it decreased with increasing particle size. The particle rising velocity in the riser decreased with increasing the ratio of UL1/UL2 and particle size. The slip velocity of liquid and particle, UL/US, decreased with increasing liquid viscosity but it increased with increasing particle size. The values of solid circulation rate were well correlated in terms of operating variables and dimensionless groups.

The Characteristics and Evaluation of National Treatment in the World Trade Organization

Sung-kyu Hong(홍성규) 한국국제상학회 2018 國際商學 Vol.33 No.4

Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 국제통상규범으로서 내국민대우의 기능 Ⅲ. 국제통상규범으로서 내국민대우의 법원(source of law) Ⅳ. 내국민대우의 사례분석 및 한계성 Ⅴ. 결 론 참고문헌 내국민대우는 최혜국대우와 함께 WTO체제를 유지하는 무차별의 기본원칙으로 되어 있다. 즉 내국민대우는 수입제품에 대하여 적용되는 내국세나 국내규제와 관련하여 동종의 국내제품에 부여하는 대우보다 불리하지 않은 대우를 해주어야 한다는 원칙을 말한다. 따라서 내국민대우는 국내제품과 수입제품에 대하여 평등한 경쟁조건을 제공하고 자유무역을 촉진하는 역할을 하게 된다. 또한 위법적이지 않은 범위내에서 회원국이 자유롭게 국내규제조치를 제정할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 내국민대우는 최혜국대우나 관세양허 등과는 달리 WTO회원국의 국내정책이 보호무역주의적인 정책으로 변질되는 것을 차단하는 것으로서, 보호무역주의와는 직접적인 관련성이 적은 환경, 조세, 기술규정 등과 결부되어 나타나는 경우에는 그 진의를 파악하기가 어렵다는 점에서 통상 분쟁의 소지가 많다. 그리고 내국민대우는 국내의 모든 대외정책들에 영향을 미치며, 이를 어떻게 해석하고 적용하느냐에 따라 상대방 국가의 통상정책에도 영향을 미친다. 따라서 내국민대우에 관한 해석과 관련 사례의 분석은 국제통상관계에서 중요한 의의를 가지며 통상분쟁의 예방과 해결에도 기여한다.

양록농가 경영분석 및 경쟁력 제고방안에 관한 연구

홍성규 ( Sung Kyu Hong ),김윤두 ( Yoon Doo Kim ) 한국축산경영학회 2013 농업경영정책연구 Vol.40 No.1

The study was to suggest basic data for deer farmers` efficient action planning to solve the issues on the market access expansion due to Korea- New Zealand FTA promotion, as well as management problems. Management problems were identified through the business analysis with considering cost saving plans to improve business conditions. In addition, our deer farmers` international position was investigated through a comparative analysis on operation costs of competing countries. The result showed that domestic farmers have experienced difficulties in all respects related with managing their businesses, for example, production, processing and distribution, sales, legal institution and government policies. Furthermore, New Zealand, the biggest competitor of our domestic farmers, shares the highest portion in the imported antler market. The comparative analysis on the operating cost of New Zealand`s farmers showed that it costs only 4.0~4.7% of domestic farmers for operating businesses (in case of breeding Elks). It would be necessary to reduce the cost through scale-up, to improve productivity through specializing, to prepare reasonable supports from the government, and to align related legal institution in order for promoting competitiveness and sustainable development of domestic deer industry through reducing the cost. In conclusion, domestic deer industry at a crisis would regain its strength along with the improvement in farm income if there are more systematic and reasonable planning and policy based approach on scale-up and specialization for the future competitiveness.

STFT와 시계열 데이터 이미지화 알고리즘을 활용한 시계열 데이터 분류 성능 분석

홍성규(Sung-Kyu Hong),김상철(Sang-Chul Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2023 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.28 No.4

본 논문은 순환 신경망 대신 합성곱 신경망을 사용하여 시계열 데이터 분류 성능을 분석한다. TSC(Time Series Community)에는 GAF(Gramian Angular Field), MTF(Markov Transition Field), RP(Recurrence Plot)와 같은 전통적인 시계열 데이터 이미지화 알고리즘들이 있다. 실험은 이미지화 알고리즘들에 필요한 하이퍼 파라미터들을 조정하면서 합성곱 신경망의 성능을 평가하는 방식으로 진행된다. UCR 아카이브의 GunPoint 데이터셋을 기준으로 성능을 평가했을 때, 본 논문에서 제안하는 STFT(Short Time Fourier Transform) 알고리즘이 최적화된 하이퍼 파라미터를 찾은 경우, 기존의 알고리즘들 대비 정확도가 높고, 동적으로 feature map 이미지의 크기도 조절가능하다는 장점이 있다. GAF 또한 98~99%의 높은 정확도를 보이지만, feature map 이미지의 크기를 동적으로 조절할 수 없어 크다는 단점이 존재한다. In this paper, instead of using recurrent neural network, we compare a classification performance of time series imaging algorithms using convolution neural network. There are traditional algorithms that imaging time series data (e.g. GAF(Gramian Angular Field), MTF(Markov Transition Field), RP(Recurrence Plot)) in TSC(Time Series Classification) community. Furthermore, we compare STFT(Short Time Fourier Transform) algorithm that can acquire spectrogram that visualize feature of voice data. We experiment CNN’s performance by adjusting hyper parameters of imaging algorithms. When evaluate with GunPoint dataset in UCR archive, STFT(Short-Time Fourier transform) has higher accuracy than other algorithms. GAF has 98~99% accuracy either, but there is a disadvantage that size of image is massive.

조류인플루엔자(AI)와 육계가격 간의 관계분석

홍성규(Hong, Sung-Kyu),채수호(Chae, Sue-Ho),김윤두(Kim, Yoon-Doo) 한국농식품정책학회 2015 농업경영정책연구 Vol.42 No.4

The paper attempted to analyze the long-term and short-term impacts of avian influenza (AI) on broiler prices in each chicken distribution stage in Korea. To this end, the paper utilized the farm price, wholesale price (after slaughtering), and consumer price of the broilers and applied the AI occurrence periods as dummy variables. From the analysis, both the results of the unit root test considering structural break and the results of the unit root test without consideration of structural break were shown to be non-stationary time series so it was shown that the structural break did not affect the stationarity of the time series. However, from the cointegration test conducted considering structural break and the cointegration test conducted without consideration of structural break, changes appeared in the long run equilibrium, that is, the cointegration test when considering the structural break. In other words, occurrence of AI was shown to affect the long run equilibrium relationship of the prices in each stage of the long term distribution. From the analysis by VECM (Vector Error Correction Model), when deviations in prices occur between each distribution stage with structural changes, the wholesale price (after slaughtering) was shown to lead them to the long run equilibrium relationship. The AI has exhibited the tendency to occur every year since 2014, which is different from the other animal diseases. Considering the above points, it is considered that occurrence of AI will affect the consumption and prices insignificantly in the future. However, it is considered that measures to stabilize the wholesale price through management and supply and demand control of slaughtering broiler number will be necessary since AI occurrence was affecting the long run equilibrium price from the analyze results.

WTO체제 분쟁해결제도의 문제점과 시사점 : 상소기구를 중심으로

홍성규(Sung-Kyu Hong) 한국중재학회 2020 중재연구 Vol.30 No.4

WTO의 분쟁해결제도는 국가간의 통상분쟁을 해결하는데 많은 역할을 해 왔으며, 1995년 설립 이래 약 596건의 분쟁을 처리함으로써 그 기능과 역할이 확대되어 왔다. 이것은 WTO의 분쟁해결제도가 통상분쟁해결을 위한 공정하고 효과적이며 효율적인 제도로 인식하고 있는 회원국들 사이에서 엄청난 신뢰를 얻고 있음을 보여 주는 것이다. 최근 미국이 각종 통상분쟁에서 상소기구의 불리한 판정결과에 불만을 갖고 상소기구위원의 신규임용에 주저하고 있어서 상소기구의 기능이 무력화되어 가고 있는데, 그동안의 상소기구의 기능과 역할을 감안하면 사실상 WTO의 분쟁해결제도가 붕괴되어 가고 있다고 할 수 있다. 미국은 상소기구의 심리기간 무시, 상소기구위원의 퇴임후 업무 지속, 분쟁해결에 불필요한 쟁점에 관한 권고적 의견 제시, 회원국의 국내법 검토 및 심사, 상소기구보고서의 선례구속성 주장 등을 이유로 WTO분쟁해결제도에 비협조적인 자세로 일관하고 있다. 이러한 문제점들은 분쟁해결을 위한 다자간 포럼 등을 창설하여 다양한 논의와 합의를 통하여 점차 개선해 나가야 할 것이며, 점진적으로는 DSU의 개혁을 통하여 문제점을 종식해 나가야 할 것이다. 따라서 WTO의 정체를 가지고 쓸모없는 위기감을 부추기기보다는 국제규범의 집행기관으로서 WTO의 목적이 최대한 실현되도록 노력하고, 이것을 활용하는 것이 우리나라의 통상전략에 대해 유익하다. 우리나라는 그동안 WTO분쟁해결제도를 통하여 크고 작은 많은 통상분쟁을 효율적으로 처리해 왔으므로 규범지향적인 다자간 통상체제를 유지하는 하는 것이 국익에도 도움이 된다. The WTO s dispute settlement system has played a significant role in settling trade disputes between countries, and its function and role have been expanded by handling about 596 disputes since its establishment in 1995. This shows that the WTO s dispute settlement system is gaining enormous trust among member countries that it recognizes as a fair, effective, and efficient system for resolving trade disputes. The U.S. remains uncooperative in the WTO dispute settlement system, citing disregard for the 90-day deadline for appeals, continued service by persons who are no longer A.B. members, issuing advisory opinions on issues not necessary to resolve a dispute, A.B. review of facts, and review of a member s domestic law de novo. The A.B. claims its reports are entitled to be treated as a precedent. These problems should be gradually improved through various discussions and agreements by establishing a multilateral forum for resolving disputes and gradually ending the problems through reform of the DSU.

국제상사중재에서 잠정적 구제조치에 관한 연구

홍성규(Sung-Kyu Hong) 한국무역연구원 2011 무역연구 Vol.7 No.4

Interim measures of protection play a very important role in international commercial arbitration. During the course of an arbitration, it may be necessary for the arbitral tribunal or a national court to issue interim measures of protection intended to preserved evidence, to protect assets, or in some other way to maintain the status quo pending the outcome of the arbitration proceedings themselves. The important of and the need for interim measures of protection in arbitration have grown immensely over the last twenty years. The growth owes much to globalisation and increased confidence in arbitration. The growth is further related to the longer duration of arbitration proceedings due to globalisation, the complexity, bureaucratisation, or institutionalisation of arbitration. This paper aims to demonstrate that arbitration should, in principle, be the forum to grant interim measures of protection and that the role of courts is limited to assistance to arbitration. However, there are several questions and uncertainties related to such measures. These questions and uncertainties weaken the effectiveness of arbitration. Thus, they constitute a threat to its future. This thesis further aims to identify, analyse, clarify, and offer solutions to those problems and uncertainties. Solutions will be offered for enhancing effectiveness of arbitration in regard of interim measures of protection.

주요 농축산물 수입자유화의 승수효과 (乘數效果) - open static Leontief - model의 확장 -

홍성규 ( Sung Kyu Hong ) 한국축산경영학회 1993 韓國畜産經營學會誌 Vol.9 No.1