필수설비론의 발전과 통신산업의 자유화

홍명수(Myung-su Hong) 한국비교사법학회 2004 比較私法 Vol.11 No.2

The Essential Facility doctrine has been developed as a legal principle to regulate refusal to deal, which means a monopoly or monopolization in Sherman Act. This doctrine has had important influence on the competition laws in other countries. Specially it has been the ground of regulation in respect of misconduct of market dominant position in Article 82 of EC Treaty. The Essential Facility doctrine is closely connected with a telecommunication industry. The liberalization is now in progress in telecommunication industries world wide, and the Essential Facility doctrine has brought an important legal basis to such progress of liberalization. Such progress means a transformation of telecommunication market structure, so from monopoly to competition, and the Essential Facility doctrine offers the concept of access and interconnection as a means of the transformation. So access and interconnection must be understood in context of the Essential Facility doctrine in competition law. This progress means the transformation of the Essential Facility doctrine itself, from ex post to ex ante regulation, too. In Korea, as U. S. A. and EU, Telecommunications Law prescribes the obligation of access and interconnection. But it is more important that this obligation of access and interconnection contribute towards a competition structure of telecommunications market. To achieve this purpose, above all the procedures and contents of obligations of access and interconnection, including a pricing of access and interconnection on cost-base, should be materialized in respect of competition and the Essential Facility doctrine.

독점규제법상 행정지도에 의한 카르텔 규제의 법리적 고찰

홍명수 ( Myung Su Hong ) 한국경쟁법학회 2010 競爭法硏究 Vol.21 No.-

It would be appropriate to review two possibilities of regulation on Monopoly Regulations Act in due order, as to the undertaking`s cartel by administrative guidance. First it must be reviewed for such cartels to belong to the prohibition of cartel on articles 19, Monopoly Regulations Act, and furthermore it must be fulfilled to examine for possibility of exemption of Monopoly Regulations Act on article 58. In step of the former it must be considered whether there would be really an agreement among the undertakings and if so, whether such an agreement would be forbidden on Monopoly Regulations Act. And in step of the latter it must be dealt with the possibility of the exemption, in particular whether a undertaking`s agreement by administrative guidance would come under any act or any decree to such act, which could be justified in perspective of Monopoly Regulations Act.

독점규제법 위반행위에 있어서 주관적 요건의 검토

홍명수 ( Myung Su Hong ) 한국경쟁법학회 2014 競爭法硏究 Vol.29 No.-

The Korean Supreme Court says that the subjective requirements, as anti-competitive intent or purpose, must be needed at the judgment of the abuse of market dominant power, as well as the competition restraints effects. Regulations with regard to the abuse of market dominant power in article 102 in TFEU understand the concept of abuse is an objective, and subjective requirements, such as anti-competitive intention are not considered independent. The objective characteristics of the behavior in the relevant market can be crucial in determining whether the abuse. In Section 2 of the Sherman Act as to prohibition of monopolization or attempted monopolization, the subjective requirements of the behavior would be at least accepted as an essential consideration. However, this approach must be understood in terms of the different legal system, regulating the monopoly itself. The issues could be raised in determining the illegality of cartel, too. In this regard, article 101 in TFEU mentions explicitly the purpose of competition restraints as the requirements of the regulations of cartel. But the purpose in this article proved by nature, in a case where the effect of the competition restriction exists, and could not be understood as a subjective requirement. Competition Law violations in the point of view of the subjective requirements of the criminal law could be a problem.

Microsoft 사건에서 나타난 끼워팔기(tying)의 경쟁법적 검토

홍명수(Myung su Hong) 한국정보법학회 2004 정보법학 Vol.8 No.2

In recent years the problems of Microsoft Cases have been raised on competition law in the world. In the perspective of the comparative law, the judiciary and the competition authorities in many countries have given one after another judgments worthy of note in microsoft cases. Microsoft cases are relevant to the various legal disputes, but the rule of ‘tying’ is the most important issue of them. For example, the District of Columbia Circuit, federal Court of appeals in U. S. A., has rejected the application of per se illegal to the conduct of Microsoft Corporatioin, to tie Internet Explorer with Windows Operating System on 28 June 2001, and given the possibility of approval of this conduct on Antitrust Law to Microsoft Corporation. But on the other hand European Commission in European Union has concluded, after a five-year investigation, that Microsoft Corporation broke European Union competition law by leveraging its near monopoly in the market for PC operating systems onto the market for media players on 24 March 2004. At the present time, the conduct that Microsoft Corporation has tied Window Media Player and Instant Message Service(Messenger) with Windows Operating System has become the point at issue in Korea. An analysis of ‘Microsoft Cases’ in the perspective of comparative law is full of interesting suggestions to solve the problems of microsoft case in Korea and will contribute to the formation of the rule of tying in ‘Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Law’, competition law in Korea. 최근 경쟁법적 차원에서 Microsoft 사건은 전세계적으로 문제되고 있다. 비교법적으로 보면, 각국의 사법부나 경쟁기관에 의한 주목할 만한 판결이나 결정이 계속되고 있다. Microsoft 사건은 다양한 법적 쟁점과 관련되지만, 그 중에서도 끼워팔기에 관한 법리는 핵심을 이룬다. 이에 관하여 미국 연방항소심 법원은 Microsoft가 운영체계인 Windows와 브라우저인 Internet Explorer의 끼워팔기한 행위에 대하여 당연위법 적용을 거부함으로써, 미국 반독점법상 허용될 수 있는 여지를 제공하였으며, 유럽의 EC 위원회는 운영체계인 Windows와 Window Media Player의 결합을 경쟁법에 반하는 것으로 판단하였다. 현재 우리나라에서도 Microsoft의 끼워팔기가 문제되고 있으며, 이와 같은 외국의 선행하는 판단의 검토와 독점규제법상 끼워팔기의 올바른 규율을 위한 논의의 필요성이 크다.

일본의 독점금지법 위반 사건처리절차

홍명수 ( Myung Su Hong ) 한국경쟁법학회 2008 競爭法硏究 Vol.17 No.-

추계국제학술대회: 보험산업과 독점규제법-보험사업에 대한 독점규제법의 집행과 그 한계 : 보험산업에 대한 규제의 조화 -금융위원회와 공정거래위원회의 관계를 중심으로-

홍명수 ( Myung Su Hong ) 한국경쟁법학회 2008 競爭法硏究 Vol.18 No.-

공정거래법상 경제력집중 억제 ; 일본의 일반집중 규제와 시사점

홍명수 ( Myung Su Hong ) 한국경쟁법학회 2006 競爭法硏究 Vol.14 No.-

시장획정 방식의 개선과 과제

홍명수 ( Myung Su Hong ) 법과사회이론학회 2005 법과 사회 Vol.0 No.29

방언이 광고에 미치는 영향에 대한 사례연구

홍명수 ( Hong Myung-Su ) 순천대학교 인문학술원 2021 인문학술 Vol.6 No.-

광고에서 방언의 사용은 소비자에게 직접 또는 간접적으로 구매에 영향을 미치며 추가적인 정보를 제공한다는 측면에서 사회언어학적으로 의미를 찾아볼 수 있다. 광고에서 방언의 전략적 사용은 소비자들에게 제품에 대한 좋은 느낌과 흥미를 주고 그들이 그것을 구매할 수 있게 해준다. 본 연구에서는 방언이 광고에서 활용되는 사례에서 그것의 유익성을 알아보고, 소수의 언어 사용 그룹을 대상으로 하는 광 고에서 방언을 사용하는 것의 부작용을 조사하는 것을 목표로 한다. 광고에서 방언의 사용은 크게 공익광고와 상품광고의 측면에서 볼 수 있다. 공익광고에서 방언의 사용은 표준어를 장려하기 위해 특정 지역에 대한 인식을 증대하기도 하고 특정 지역에 대한 호감을 조장하기도 하며 특정 지역에 대한 비호감을 유발할 수 있게도 한다. 상품광고에서 방언의 사용은 특정 지역의 소규모 시장의 이익을 위해 방언이 주는 배경 이미지를 활용하게 되고, 기업은 이익을 위해 경쟁사의 비호감 방언을 활용하고, 방언을 통해 기업과 정치를 제휴시키는 사례도 있었다. 또한, 방언의 사용은 간접광고를 통해서도 효과가 있는데, 영화와 TV 시리즈에서 주인공과 그 대립되는 인물의 방언 사용에서 그리고 소설에서 특정 인물에 대한 호감과 비호감을 인지시키기 위해 방언을 쓰며, 컴퓨터 게임과 애니메이션으로도 나타난다. 본 연구는 영국, 미국, 일본, 싱가포르, 프랑스, 한국, 중국 등 7개국 광고에서 방언이 활용되는 사례를 통해, 그 사회언어적 측면과 사회언어학이 광고에 어떤 영향을 미칠 수 있는지에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. The use of dialects in advertising affects consumers directly and indirectly which is meaningful in sociolinguistic terms. It can give people extra information. The strategic use of dialects in advertising gives consumers a good feeling and interest in the product and allows them to purchase it. In this study aims to understand why dialects are used in advertising, to investigate whether the use of dialects in advertisements is beneficial and to determine the side effects of the use of dialects in advertising on minority language groups. The reasons for using dialects in advertisements is largely in terms of public service announcements. In order to encourage standard language, increase awareness of a certain region and to promote a liking for the region, neglect certain regions and to have a disliking for the region. Also, it is the product commercials aspect. There is a use of dialects for the interests of small markets in certain regions capitalizing on the image of the dialects for corporate gain, capitalizing on a disliked dialect for corporate gain and associating a product with a political affiliation for corporate gain. The efficiency of the indirect use of dialects is divided into the use of dialects by movie and TV series protagonists, the use of dialects in movies and TV series antagonists and the use of dialects in fiction to develop a liking or disliking for a certain individual, and computer games and animations. This study analyzes 7 countries advertisements, England, America, Japan, Singapore, France, Korea and China. We will discuss their sociolinguistic side and how sociolinguistics can influence advertisements.

하도급법상 원사업자 규제의 개선 방안에 관한 고찰

홍명수 ( Myung Su Hong ) 한국경쟁법학회 2007 競爭法硏究 Vol.16 No.-