어린이 공간교육의 국내외 사례 비교연구 -미국, 영국, 핀란드, 일본, 한국의 사례를 중심으로-

허윤선,임승빈,Hue, Youn-Sun,Im, Seung-Bin 한국조경학회 2011 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.39 No.2

최근 삶의 질과 좋은 디자인에 대한 일반인의 관심이 증대되고, 공간의 계획 및 설계과정에 일반인의 참여기회가 확대되고 있다. 하지만 여전히 시민들은 공간과 환경의 역할과 중요성에 대해 명확히 이해하지 못하며, 도시개선에 대한 의사를 표현하는 데 익숙하지 않다. 이러한 시점에 아동기의 '공간교육'은 미래 시민으로서 공간과 환경에 대하여 이해하고, 도시 개선에 대한 의사를 표현하며 문제를 해결하는 능력을 기르고, 스스로의 역할을 이해하는데 중요한 열쇠가 될 것이다. 본 연구는 공간에 대한 일반인과 전문가의 인식을 변화시키고 더 나은 도시 공간을 만들고자 어린이의 공간교육에 대한 국내외 사례를 고찰하였다. 전 세계의 27개 국가(110여개 기관)에서는 아동기부터 '공간교육'이 시행되고 있다. 이는 공간환경의 기본적인 요소를 이해하고 공간감을 키워 공간의 조성과정 및 의사결정과정에 참여할 수 있는 시민으로서의 역량을 강화하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이 중 미국, 영국, 핀란드, 일본, 한국의 공간교육을 고찰하였다. 우선적으로 공간교육을 정의하고 그 대상범위에 대하여 정리하였다. 각각의 사례에 대하여 목적 및 효과, 관련 법 제도 및 교육과정, 체계 및 역할, 프로그램 내용을 분석하였다. 각 특성과 그에 따른 시사점을 검토하여 지역성에 대한 고려, 체계적 네트워크와 전문가 풀 구성, 관련 제도와 정부의 역할 정립 등 국내 공간교육의 기초 토대를 마련하는데 있어서 기본적으로 고려되어야 할 사항을 도출하였다. 이와 같은 공간교육의 사례 고찰은 더 나은 미래 공간을 구현하기 위하여 일반인의 인식을 변화시키고 역량을 강화하는 데에 도움이 될 것이다. 국외 사례의 목적, 제도, 체계, 내용 등에 대한 분석은 우리나라의 실정에 맞는 교육과정을 마련하고, 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 기초적 틀을 마련할 수 있으리라 기대한다. Recently, the public's interest in quality of life and good design has increased, and the opportunities for their participation in space planning and the design process are expanding. However, the public still lacks understanding of the role(and importance) of space and environment and is not experienced in expressing their opinion on improving the urban environment. At this point, 'Built Environment Education for Kids' will be the key to understanding space and environment as future citizens and to developing the ability of problem-solving and expressing their opinions. This study aims to change the awareness of the public as well as experts, and to make a better urban space through comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign 'Built Environment Education.' In 27 countries around the world(more than 110 institutions), 'Built Environment Education' from childhood is being implemented. Such movements aim to make people participate in the space design and decision-making process by understanding a fundamental element of the built environment and space perception. In this study, the United States, Britain, Finland, Japan and South Korea's 'Built Environment Education' are discussed Above all, the definition, range and target of 'Built Environment Education' are discussed For each case, the purpose and effect, laws and educational processes, systems and roles, and examples of programs are analyzed. Through reviewing each attribute and their implications, a conclusion is drawn on the aspects we have to consider in laying the foundation for implementing the 'Built Environment Education' in Korea, such as consideration of the locality, organizing systematic networks and composing a pool of experts, building proper institutions, and establishing the role of the government. This case study of 'Built Environment Education' can help increase the awareness of the public and build their strength in establishing a better future space. Through the analysis of the purpose, laws, systems, and contents, this case study is expected to provide and build the foundation for an educational system and develop an appropriate program that best suits our society.

참여디자인 방법론을 적용한 초등학교 옥외공간 계획모형 - 서울 돈암초등학교를 대상으로 -

허윤선,임승빈,Hue, Youn-Sun,Im, Seung-Bin 한국조경학회 2010 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.38 No.5

초등학교 옥외공간은 어린이의 가장 가까운 생활공간이자 교육공간이다. 새로운 교육 패러다임의 변화에 의해 초등학교 옥외공간의 새로운 역할과 방향에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 하지만 어린이의 시선과 요구에 맞춘 공간 조성은 미비한 실정이다. 실제 이용자인 어린이의 구체적이고 다양한 요구를 담아내지 못하는 현실 속에서 이러한 아동참여디자인 과정의 도출과 적용 과정은 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 초등학교 옥외공간의 아동참여디자인 과정에 의한 설계가 필요함을 인식하고, 관련 연구 및 관련 법규의 이론적 고찰을 통하여 아동참여디자인 과정 모형을 구축한 후, 서울 돈암초등학교 옥외공간 설계에 적용하였다. 스스로의 의견을 제안하고 표현하는 데에 미숙한 어린이가 쉽게 참여디자인 과정에 참여하고 의견을 표현할 수 있도록 흥미로운 도구와 게임 방법 등을 포함하여 디자인 과정을 구성하였다. 본 연구에서 도출한 아동참여디자인 과정은 흥미유발 및 대상지 인지단계, 기대파악 및 표현단계, 계획요소도출 단계, 공간구상 및 공간배치단계, 의사결정 및 최종계획안 도출단계 등의 5단계로 구성된다. 이러한 과정을 서울 돈암초등학교 옥외공간의 계획 및 설계 과정에 적용하였다. 본 연구는 참여자 중심의 설계와 전문가 중심의 설계는 그 디자인 목표가 다르다는 것을 전제로 하여 결과물보다는 디자인 과정에 의미를 두고 가시적으로 보이는 물리적인 디자인의 개선뿐만 아니라 공간에 내재되어 있는 비물리적인 디자인의 개선을 기대한다. 즉, 참여디자인 과정을 통하여 시설물 개선 및 배치계획 제안이라는 하드웨어뿐만 아니라 어린이의 참여와 관심이라는 소프트웨어를 모두 개선하여 어린이가 바라는 초등학교 만들기의 초석을 만들고자 하였다. 본 연구는 초등학교 옥외공간의 실제 이용자인 어린이의 요구를 효과적으로 반영할 수 있는 아동참여디자인 과정을 도출하여 과정 모델의 형태로 제시하였다는 점과 이 과정을 대상 초등학교 옥외공간에 적용하여 설계에 반영하였으며, 이 설계 경험을 바탕으로 공간에 대한 참여의식과 주체의식, 주인의식과 책임의식을 고양시킴으로써 어린이가 주체가 되는 초등학교 옥외공간을 조성하였다는 점에 의의를 둔다. The outdoor space of an elementary school is the most familiar and most educational area for children. A paradigm shift in education has demanded a new role and direction for these outdoor spaces. The construction of children-friendly spaces, however, lags behind. The child-participatory design process is very meaningful at a time when many outdoor spaces have difficulties in reflecting the varied and specific demands of children. This study realized the necessity for a design that includes a child-participatory design process in construction the outdoor spaces of elementary schools. Through reference study and a theoretical approach of related laws, this study established a child-participatory design process model and applied it to Seoul Don-Am Elementary School. The design process included playing games and providing interesting tools to increase the participation of children in suggesting and presenting their opinions more freely. The design process of this study is described in five steps(eliciting interest in and recognition of the target space, Understanding children's expectations and the expressing thereof, Establishing factors for planning, Visualizing and arranging spaces, and Decision-making and building a final design plan). This process was applied to the planning and design of an outdoor space for Seoul Don-Am Elementary School. In this study, it is clear that the design of the participators and experts have a different purpose. Thus, the process of the design has more meaning than the final product. In addition, it is expected that an improvement in both tangible and intangible designs will be seen. Using a participatory design process, this study successfully improved the facilities and arrangement planning of an outdoor space. At the same time, it also enhanced the interest and participation of children in the process of creating the kind of school they desire. The significance of this study is that it has suggested an effective model to reflect the demands of children, the true users of the outdoor space, and the results were actually applied to elementary school outdoor planning and designing. This study enhanced the awareness of school members in the process of building the school's outdoor space.

참여형 커뮤니티 공간 조성 프로젝트의 국내외 사례 연구

허윤선(Hue, Youn Sun),임승빈(Im, Seung Bin) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2014 國土計劃 Vol.49 No.2

As the paradigm changes from the Rational planning process to the collaborative planning process, citizens are the main subject establishing the town and city. Community design is growing with the participation of local people to improve town environment. So new social and communication problems have been caused and there have been lots of discussion on regional communication. And also community space is one of main factors of more liveable and safer community. For communities to become alternatives with realistic meanings in this changed society, considerations on social and spatial conditions are needed. Therefore, community space which works as a device of physical environment for activation of communities needs more active changes which encourages social communication. This Study analysed comprehensive case studies of participatory project of the making community space. Above all, the network of the project participants must established; residents, professionals, government, NGOs, and sponsors. From the suggestion of the site and presentation of a problem to the planning, design, construction and maintenance, residents and experts were closely linked. Also, local government and administration suggested the project priorities and guidelines. Through interviews, discussions, surveys, a variety of design games and feedback, planning and design process of making community space was progressed.

어린이의 우리동네 공간인지 구성요소에 관한 연구

허윤선(Hue, Youn Sun),양병이(Yang, Byoung E),임승빈(IM, Seung Bin) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2012 國土計劃 Vol.47 No.1

The purpose of this study is to survey the children’s space recognition, to analyze the spatial elements for child and to understanding children’s spatial cognitive development process utilizing children’s survey and cognitive map. The conclusions are as the following from the survey results. (1) The children memorized frequent or visually stimulating environmental elements as neighborhood images. The neighborhood environment stimulated the child and affected child development, so the cognitive factors of neighborhood environment should be planed positively. (2) The children represented the plane and three-dimensional representation at the same time on the cognitive map. Also, they gave meanings to each element individually represent the distortion and deformation. The children recognized paths and landmarks significantly, and this result reflected children’s developmental stages. (3) The children recognized the neighborhood range about average of 516.19m and this was connected with aware of the commuting distance (average 633.85m). (4) It was certified that the 5th-grade students’ cognitive development stages changed from self-centered phase to landmark-centered phase. (5) The effect of group work and education, children’s spatial cognition ability was developed.

어린이 공간환경설계 교육 프로그램 개발

허윤선(Hue, Youn Sun),임승빈(Im, Seung Bin) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2013 國土計劃 Vol.48 No.7

In this study, an education program for children, the important members of town and potential future citizens, was developed under the premise that such communication paradigm requires participation of citizen and their excellent communication ability. From program development, program validation created 7-Step Children Build Environment Design Education Program. Seven steps are: Getting familiar with spatial environment, Imagine my house and garden, Knowing my school, Observing local building and parks, Exploring my town, Planing our city and Introducing my town and city. This program is flexible and could be modified if necessary and easily combined with other programs. Especially, it emphasizes on the hierarchy of space, and focus on the education method of Participation Design process and communication and cooperation that covers the maintenance, management, monitoring and change of people’s perception. This is the most important differentiation and strong point of this program. The significance of this study is that the program was developed to reflect the perspective of children, the future citizens. It focuses on one town where children could actively participate in Building Community. This program possesses potential to be applied to project base learning. The Built Environment Design Education Program for children suggested by this study could be the foundation of Building Community containing place and identity with the voluntarily participation of citizens.

마을만들기 관련 가상공간 게임의 특성에 관한 연구

허윤선(Hue, Youn-Sun) 한국실내디자인학회 2014 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.23 No.3

Recently, many people can experience the virtual space by smartphone, and they use many games. In particular, this change has great implications in the collaborative and communicative planning paradigm, which is residents’ participation and agreement becoming important in community making and urban design. This study analyze the case of the five virtual space games about community making and urban design, and examine the related regal system. Game users can construct roads, houses, buildings and facilities in the virtual city. Then, they create profit, and promote the growth of virtual city. In these games, construction elements are classified residential, commercial, industrial, parks, green spaces, public building, and roads. But these elements does not identified clearly, and they mixed. By analyzing of related regal system, these games focus on the individual buildings, spaces, and facilities rather than considering the terms of urban planning. To complement the virtual space game with the aspects of urban planning, these games can encourage the participation capability and enhance the communication skills of citizens.

학교숲 운동의 조성 원칙과 조성 유형 분류에 관한 연구

허윤선(Youn-Sun Hue),이선경(Sun-Kyung Lee),심영권(Young-Kwon Sim),김인호(In-Ho Kim),한경식(Kyeung-Sik Han),윤석(Suk Yoon),오창길(Chang-Gil Oh),정용숙(Yong-Sook Jung) 한국환경교육학회 2014 環境 敎育 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the state of School Forest Movement. This study analyzes the actual conditions and draws the composition principles and the classification of School Forests based on performance over the past 15 years and value of School Forests. This study can be summarized as follows. First, School Forests have 5 composition principles; planting forests composed of native trees, educational application and practical uses, participating and making partnership, process-oriented, communication with community. Second, School Forests can be classified into 5 types of forest composition; school boundaries, school building and the surrounding area, part of playground, courtyard, and others. Third, School Forest Movement has some further themes: establishing the composition process of School Forests and making roles and relationships of stakeholders, researching a variety of programs and accumulating a lot of experience, considering professional manpower training, developing continuous plans and long-term oriented strategies, seeking sustainable management practices. Thus, School Forest Movement is very important and has great effects on many aspects, such as the improvement of school environment, the expansion of environmental education in schools, the enhancement of local membership and community spirit, and increasing participation of school community.

장소 경험 분석을 통한 도시 내 장소성 특성 연구

임승빈,정윤희,허윤선,권윤구,변재상,최형석,Im, Seung-Bin,Jeong, Yoon-Hee,Hue, Youn-Sun,Kwon, Yoon-Koo,Byeon, Jea-Sang,Choi, Hyung-Suk 한국조경학회 2011 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.39 No.6

본 연구는 서울시, 경주시, 춘천시, 안성시, 과천시의 장소성이 높은 장소의 경험 특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 각 도시의 시민 300명을 대상으로 그들이 의미있게 기억하는 장소와 그곳에서의 경험을 측정하고, 그 장소의 특성을 분석하였으며, 이를 통하여 장소성의 경험유형을 분류하고 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 장소성이 높은 장소는 대체로 공원과 문화재 등의 자연적 역사적 도시자원과 관련이 있다. (2) 휴식 및 산책, 조망 및 감상의 경험이 장소성 형성의 주요 경험이며, 이들은 다시 공간경험 중심형과 교류경험 중심형으로 구분된다. (3) 서울시, 안성시, 과천시 등 일반적인 도시의 경우, 각각의 장소성이 높은 장소에서 다양한 경험이 분화되어 나타난다. (4) 경주시, 춘천시 등 자연경관, 역사, 문화 등이 특화된 관광도시의 경우, 장소성 높은 장소가 공간적으로 도시의 중심에 집중되며, 그 장소에서 다양한 행태가 동시에 복합적으로 나타나는 경향을 보인다. 장소에 대한 도시민의 경험과 각 장소의 특성, 도시의 성격 등을 바탕으로 한 이러한 분석 결과는 도시의 정체성 확립과 도시마케팅을 위해 중요한 의미를 가진다. 즉, 도시에서 장소성 높은 곳을 찾아내고, 각 공간에서의 장소적 특성을 파악함으로써 도시 발전전략 수립의 기초적 자료를 제공할 수 있다. 또한 특성이 없는 도시에는 활력을 줄 수 있는 특화 요소를 조성 발굴하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 도시 내에서 장소성 높은 공간의 분포는 도시 관리 및 정비계획을 수립하는데 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study an alyzes the spatial experience of a notable sense of place in five cities-Seoul, Gyeongju, Chuncheon, Anseong and Gwacheon. A survey targeting 300 citizens was carried out to survey meaningful, memorable places and measured spatial experiences in those places. The types of spatial experiences were divided among places to determine the implications thereof. To do this, first, those places that have a notable sense of place have relevance in natural and historical resources such as parks, cultural assets, etc. Second, the main experiences in making sense of place included 'relaxation and walking' and 'a view and appreciation'. These were divided into two types, Spatial Contact and Human Contact. Third, cities such as Seoul, Anseong, Gwacheon offer a variety of experience in places having a notable sense of place. Fourth, in cities noted for natural landscape, history and culture, those spaces with a notable sense of place are concentrated in the center of the city. They exhibit a variety of behaviors, complexly and simultaneously. These results-based spatial experiences of citizens and spatial character have important meaning for city identity and city marketing. Through defining those places that have a notable sense of place and understanding the spatial features in these places, this study can suggest basic information for forming the development strategy of the city.

도시 내 장소성 분포 연구

임승빈(Im Seung-Bin),허윤선(Hue Youn-Sun),정윤희(Jung Yun-Hee),권윤구(Kwon Yoon-Ku),변재상(Byeon Jae-Sang),최형석(Choi Hyung-Seok) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2011 國土計劃 Vol.46 No.3

This study is to analyze the distribution of the sense of place in five cities - Seoul, Gyeongju, Chuncheon, Anseong, and Gwacheon. In order to achieve the objective of this study, it aimed to analyze the density and distribution patterns of frequency of the place, where public thinks the high sense of place. To do this, first, the frame of analysis was set up by selecting the vocabulary, as a parameter for determining the place’s sense of place. Through reviewing of previous studies, and carrying out the preliminary survey, the terms of ‘to give a good impression, meaningful, and memorable’ was selected as measuring vocabularies. Second, survey was carried out on 5 cities with each 300 urban dwellers. Third, according to the response, the frequency of the response density, distribution pattern, spatial form and function were analyzed. As a result, it is possible that urban citizens can recognize the characteristics of the place, which has the high sense of place, through analyzing the distribution of sense of place. Also the natural, historic and cultural value of place play an important role in making the sense of place. This study can suggest the future direction of urban planning and it can expected doing a fundamental role in developing the sense of place.

공원에서의 장소정체성 분포와 공간요소 만족도의 관련성 연구

임승빈(Im, Seung-Bin),정윤희(Jeong, Yoon-Hee),허윤선(Hue, Youn-Sun),권윤구(Kwon, Yoon-Ku),변재상(Byeon, Jae-Sang),최형석(Choi, Hyung-Seok) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2012 國土計劃 Vol.47 No.7

The Purposes of this study are to understand the place identity of parks. The relationship between the satisfaction on park elements and the place identity of parks are investigated. For this study, place units are identified for Seonyudo Park and Seoul Forest in advance. The degree of identity on each unit is measured and mapped. Statistical analysis such as descriptive statistic, correlation analysis, scatter diagram etc. have been adopted. This study can be summarized as follows: 1) Through the mapping of the place identity of two parks, each place unit has unique and different value of the place identity. Generally, park users recognized that natural places had high values for identifying the sense of place. But the place remaining purification plant for Sunyoudo Park had high values for it.(2) As the result analyzing relationships between the satisfaction on park elements and the place identity of parks, the park identity is developed by the place context and the designer’s purpose. And the elements making the park identity are different between the two parks. This study has demonstrated how to measure and map the place identity in parks. Furthemore, this study has shown the importance of design elements in developing place identity in a park.