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강원도 강릉시 강동면에 분포하는 폐탄광으로부터의 배수에 의한 임곡천 및 동해의 오염
허봉,유재영 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-
소위 강릉 탄전 지대의 중앙부에 위치한 강원도 강릉시 강동면 지역에는 많은 하천들이 폐탄광으로부터의 산성 광산 배수에 의해 심하게 오염되고 있으며, 그중 임곡천은 그 오염 정도가 가장 심각하다. 임곡천 오염의 주범은 영동 탄광 배수인데, 이로부터 임곡천에 유입되는 오염성분은 Mg, Fe, Al, Si, Ca, Mn,및 SO_(4)등의 용존 주성분들과 Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb및 U등의 용종 부성분들이다. 이들은 임곡천 Imgok creek is the most severlt polluted one out of the streams which have been being polluted by acid drainages from the abadoned coal mines in the Gangdon-Myeon area, the central part of the so called Gangreung coal field. Imgok creek is being mainly polluted by the draninge from Youngdong coal mine, which supplies such pollutants as Ms, Fe, Al, Si,Ca, Mn, and SO_(4) as major dissolved components and Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb, and U as minor dissolved components. Agter the influx the pollutnats migrate mainly as dissolved solid, rather than as suspended solids along Imgok creek. The suspended solids in Imgok creek anre very rich in Fe and Al, indicating that they mainy consist of the precipitates of present and past from the polluted water. Most of the dissolved components in the stream waters of imgok creek removed from the aqueous phase by precipitation and dilution before reaching the East Sea, so that water quality of the downstreams of Imgok creek is very similar to that of unplluted tributaries. It suggests that Imgok creek itself is now being severly polluted by the acid drainages from the abandoned cdal minees, but the East Sea is relatively safe from the same pollution The estuart and sea waters around the Goonseon estuary which accepts Imgok creek water certainly show no significant difference in chemical compositons from the mean ocenic water The cottom sediments at the samplin sutes of the sea waters also show no significant trend of their component cariation especially the cariaton of Fe, SO_(4) and Al concentrations These facts again support that the acid mine drainge is not considerablly pollution the East Sea. However , the tributaries supplying the fresh water to the Imgok creek will be certainly polluted by the acid mine draiage as time passes and pollutants will have more chance to migrate in significant amount to the downstream area, which all can be a real threats to the East Sea on the pollution possibility Therefore it is suggested that urgently required are not only water quality and environmental improvement of the severely pollutd Imgok creek but also preparation of the measures on the possible future pollution of the East Sea by the pollution of the same kind
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강원도 강릉시 강동면에 분포하는 폐탄광으로부터의 배수에 의한 임곡천 및 동해의 오염
허봉,유재영,Heo, Bong,Yu, Jae-Young 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998 지하수환경 Vol.5 No.1
소위 강릉 탄전 지대의 중앙부에 위치한 강원도 강릉시 강동면 지역에는 많은 하천들이 폐탄광으로부터의 산성 광산 배수에 의해 심하게 오염되고 있으며, 그 중 임곡천은 그 오염 정도가 가장 심각하다. 임곡천 오염의 주범은 영동 탄광 배수인데, 이로부터 임곡천에 유입되는 오염 성분은 Mg, Fe, Al, Si, Ca, Mn 및 SO$_4$, 등의 용존 주성분들과 Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb 및 U 등의 용존 부성분들이다 이들은 임곡천에 유입된 후 부유 고형물 보다는 주로 용존 고형물의 형태로 이동한다. 부유 고형물은 Fe와 Al 성분이 우세하며, 주로 하천으로부터 침전되고 있는 또는 그 이전에 침전한 화합물들로 구성되어 있다. 용존 오염 성분은 유로를 따라 이동하면서 가장 하류에 도달하기까지 많은 양이 침전 및 희석에 의하여 하천수로부터 제거되어, 임곡천 수는 동해로 유입되기 직전에 오염되지 않은 일반 하천수의 수질과 크게 다르지 않은 수질을 갖게 된다. 이는 임곡천 자체는 탄광 배수에 의해 심하게 오염되고 있으나, 동해는 탄광 배수에 의한 오염이 거의 진행되고 있지 않음을 나타내는 것이다. 동해가 탄광 배수에 의해 거의 오염되지 않고 있음은 해수 및 해저 퇴적물의화학 분석을 통하여 확인할 수 있다. 임곡천 하구수 및 해수의 화학조성은 세계 평균 해수의 함량과 별다른 차이를 보이지 않으며, 해저 퇴적물 내의 오염 성분의 함량도 어떠한 분포 및 경향성도 나타내지 않는다. 따라서 현재 탄광 배수로부터 공급된 오염 물질들이 임곡천을 통해 동해로 유입되는 양은 미미하며 또한, 해수의 막대한 양에 쉽게 희석되어 동해에 심각한 오염을 야기 시키지는 못할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나, 시간이 흐르면서 임곡천으로 유입되는 지류들이 탄광 배수에 의해 오염되고, 그 결과 오염 물질이 좀 더 하류쪽으로 다량 이동된다면, 동해도 가까운 장래에 탄광 배수에 의한 심각한 오염 가능성이 있다. 그러므로, 현재 심각한 오염이 진행중인 임곡천의 수질 개선 및 환경 개선에 대한 구체적인 방안 마련은 물론이고, 아직 동해의 오염이 심각하지 않은 지금 탄광 배수에 의한 동해의 오염 발생에 대한 대책과 예방책을 마련하는 것이 필요할 것이다. Imgok creek is the most severly polluted one out of the streams which have been being polluted by acid drainages from the abandoned coal mines in the Gangdong-Myeon area, the central part of the so called Gangreung coal field. Imgok creek is being mainly polluted by the drainage from Youngdong coal mine, which supplies such pollutants as Mg, Fe, Al, Si, Ca, Mn, and SO$_4$as major dissolved components and Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb, and U as minor dissolved components. After the influx, the pollutants migrate mainly as dissolved solid, rather than as suspended solids along Imgok creek. The suspended solids in Imgok creek are very rich in Fe and Al, indicating that they mainly consist of the precipitates of present and past from the polluted water. Most of the dissolved components in the stream waters of Imgok creek removed from the aqueous phase by precipitation and dilution before reaching the East Sea, so that water quality of the downstreams of Imgok creek is very similar to that of unpolluted tributaries. It suggests that Imgok creek itself is now being severly polluted by the acid drainages from the abandoned coal mines, but the East Sea is relatively safe from the same pollution. The estuary and sea waters around the Goonseon estuary, which accepts Imgok creek water, certainly show no significant difference in chemical compositions from the mean oceanic water. The bottom sediments at the sampling sites of the sea waters also show no significant trend of their component variation, especially the variations of Fe, SO$_4$ and Al concentrations. These facts again supper that the acid mine drainage is not considerablly polluting the East Sea. However, the tributaries supplying the fresh water to the Imgok creek will be certainly polluted by the acid mine drainage as time passes and pollutants will have more chance to migrate in significant amount to the downstream area, which all can be a real threats to the East Sea on the pollution possibility. Therefore, it is suggested that urgently required are not only water quality and environmental improvement of the severely polluted Imgok creek but also preparation of the measures on the possible future pollution of the East Sea by the acid drainage from the abandoned coal mines in the area, while the East Sea is still not much affected by the pollution of the same kind.
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구광모(kwangmo Koo),허봉만(bokman heo),백의현(euihyun Baek) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11
Function of Intermediate shaft is connecting device between steering column and steering gear box with revolving force. Therefore, the automotive industry is lately interested in reduction the noise by change the steering column type which is EPS. Yoke’s serration area is mounting by fastening torque with inserted to column shaft and gear box. In vehicle, noise may be generated by wearing and deforming of yoke’s serration area with consistent steering force. In conclusion, this study purpose is analyzed by the effect factor of mounting condition and also, stress distribution of yoke is confirmed by the CAE Analysis. DOE of noise generation is found by CAE Analysis for verification. H’ form of yoke , which is removed the 9 serration may be having the best structure due to the stable and safe. Additionally, results of CAE Analysis is supported the this conclusion.
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모드해석과 모달시험을 통한 스티어링 시스템의 진동특성 연구
송강석(Kangseok Song),윤형준(Hyungjoon Yoon),허봉만(Bongman Hur),남종승(Jongseung Nam) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
In this paper, to improve NVH performance of the steering system components, the vibration characteristics of the steering system are studied. Mode analysis was performed with design parameter of the steering sub-component. And to verify mode analysis results, experimental methods using the modal testing and mode shape analyzer were tested for the prototype which had good vibration performance according to mode analysis. The experimental results are compared with those of the mode analysis, and it is shown that the results agree with each other. So through this study by using analysis and experimental technics properly in development process, it's gained to determine efficient design parameter and the effect of lead-time and cost reduction - proto building, making test sample, and so on.
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