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The effects of variations in genomic modules on breast cancer phenotype
한진일,김진혁,김혜영,김민정 한국통합생물학회 2014 Animal cells and systems Vol.18 No.5
The primary aim of this study is to present how expression heterogeneity is reflected in biological processes. Wehypothesize that loss of normal regulatory mechanism is related with changed characteristics of a genomic module, whichemerges its own phenotypes as a whole. In breast cancer, receptor status is related to degree of cancer variations. In thisregard, comparing expression data according to receptor status is a valuable process to prove the hypothesis. For thisreason, we investigated differences of genomic modules according to the receptor status. As a result, 4 and 3 genomicmodules, which represent distinct biological processes, were obtained from estrogen receptor (ER)-/ progesterone receptor(PR)-positive double positive (DP) and ER-/PR-negative double negative (DN) breast cancer groups, respectively. Comparing the genomic modules between the groups, we found that there were differences of functional roles, which weremainly caused by DP-exclusive genes. The DP-exclusive genes showed variable expressions in the DN group but not in theDP group, and these expression heterogeneities in the DN group reflected transition of the genomic modules to have moremalignant properties than in the DP group. In addition, the DP-exclusive genes themselves have a higher possibility to beinvolved in oncogenic processes in the DN group. In conclusion, this study suggests that expression heterogeneity of theDP-exclusive genes is not a result of deregulation, but a process that drives emergence of novel traits.
한국 초등학생의 경제 이해력 수준 -수도권 4∼6학년을 대상으로-
한진수 ( Jin Soo Hahn ) 한국경제교육학회 2012 경제교육연구 Vol.19 No.1
The Council for Economic Education (CEE) revised and published the Basic Economics Test (BET) to measure the economic understanding of US students in grades 5 and 6 in 2010. With the introduction of a new curriculum in economics (say, social studies) in Korea, there was a need to measure economic understanding of Korean elementary students. This study analyzes the test results. A total of 1,554 students in grades 4-6 of Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon participated in the testing. The means for the two forms of the test with 30 items were 15.73 and 14.27 points. Comparing with the test data of the US shows that Korean students scored more than US students. According to the classification by Bloom`s cognitive levels, the mean was lower for knowledge items than that for comprehension items. This result suggests that Korean students are weak in economic terms, for example opportunity cost, human capital, and incentives, that are not covered in the curriculum. Higher grade students, those who read more than 5 books a month, those with positive attitudes toward social studies, those who believe themselves to do well at school, and students in Gyeonggi-do tend to have higher test scores. But the effect of a student`s gender is ambiguous.
한진만(Jin Mann Han) SBS 2010 미디어경제와 문화 Vol.8 No.1
이 연구논문에서는 방송환경의 변화를 낮방송시간 허용, 경제적 위기, IPTV 도입과 같은 방송 환경의 변화에 따라 지상파 방송들의 다양성에는 어떠한 변화가 있었는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 조사대상을 MBCTV, KBS1-TV, KBS2-TV, SBS-TV의 4개 채널로 정하였으며, 분석 기간은 낮방송 실시 이전인 2005년 가을 개편부터 2009년 봄 개편 때까지로 설정하였다. 매년 봄, 가을 개편 후 일주일을 분석대상으로 하였다. 주요결과들은 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘낮방송 실시 이후’가 ‘낮방송 실시 이전’에 비해 4채널 모두 다양성이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경제적 위기 상황에서 방송광고를 하는 채널들은 다양성이 감소하고 방송광고를 하지 않는 채널은 다양성이 증가하였다. 셋째, IPTV 등장 이후의 편성에서의 다양성은 방송사 간에 일관성이 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 넷째, 방송시간이 확대됨에 따라 평일의 경우 채널 간 중복율은 변화가 없었으나 주말에는 채널 간 다양성은 증가하였다. 경제 위기 상황 이후 채널 간 중복율이 높아졌다. IPTV 등장 이후 중복율로만 판단하면 ‘이전’보다 채널 간 다양성은 증가한 것으로 볼 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the diversity of broadcasting programming according to the change of broadcasting environment. The subjects of investigation are KBS1-TV, KBS2-TV, MBC-TV, and SBS-TV. This study analyzes the weekly TV programming tables which were made every spring and autumn from 2005 to 2009. The major results of this research are as follows: First, the diversity level within channels tended to decrease, compared with the period prior to the extension of day-time broadcasting in all the 4 channels. On the contrary, that between channels increased. This phenomenon could be interpreted as a result of the decrease of the rate of duplication between channels. Second, there was difference in the diversity level of every station according to the existence or non-existence of commercials at the time of economic crisis. Third, there was no consistency in the change of diversity between channels with the advent of IPTV.