신라 신문왕대 달구벌 移都의 추진과 兩京制

한준수(Han, Jun-su) 북악사학회 2022 북악사론 Vol.15 No.-

신라는 삼국 통일 이후 신질서를 확립하는 과정에서 도읍을 옮기고자 하였는데, 신문왕대 달구벌 이도(移都)가 그것이다. 달구벌 이도는 신문왕이 진골귀족의 본거지인 경주를 벗어나려던 정책인 동시에 당제(唐制)에 근거한 통치체제로의 정비가 목적이었다. 여기에는 삼국 통일 무렵 형성된 동아시아의 시대적 흐름이 정책의 그 바탕에 위치하고 있었다. 唐의 양경(兩京) 설치와 日本의 복도(複都) 운영이 그에 해당한다. 달구벌은 정치, 경제, 군사, 지리적인 면에서 위치가 뛰어났으며, 김씨 집단의 연고지로서 상징성을 지닌 곳이었다. 신라는 고대 한･중･일 동아시아 도성제의 정비와 운영이라는 흐름 속에서 정상적으로 존재하며, 교류의 매개자로서 기능하고 있었다. This thesis is a review of the relocation of the capital in the reign of king Shinmun of Silla dynasty. Silla tried to move the capital in the process of establishing a new order after the unification of the Three kingdoms, including the relocation of the capital to Dalgubeol(達句伐). The purpose of King Shinmun s policy was to leave Gyeongju(慶州), the home of the Jingol(眞骨) aristocrats, and at the same time, the maintenance of the system. Here, the trend of East Asia, which was formed around the unification of the Three Kingdoms, was located on the basis of policy. These include the installation of dual Capital in Tang(唐) dynasty and Japan during this period. Dalgubeol(達句伐) area was excellent in political, economic, military, and geographical aspects, and was a place with symbolism as the hometown of the Kim s(金氏) noble group. Silla existed normally in the trend of maintenance and operation of the ancient East Asian capital city system in Korea, China and Japan.

신라 통일기 계금당(罽衿幢)ㆍ이계당(二罽幢)의 설치와 확대

韓準洙 ( Han Jun-su ) 국민대학교 한국학연구소 2017 한국학논총 Vol.47 No.-

신라는 삼국통일전쟁을 거치며 군사조직의 편성과 운영에 커다란 변화를 보였다. 『삼국사기』 직관지 무관조에 기록된 23개 군단(이하 23군호)은 그러한 과정을 잘 담고 있다. 현재 23군호에 대한 고찰은 일정 부분 진행되었지만 여전히 미완상 태로 존재하는 것이 많다. 자료가 소략한 때문이지만 적극적인 접근이 필요한 것도 분명한 현실이다. 계금당·이계당은 그러한 군사조직의 하나로서 고찰이 필요한데, 설치가 태종무 열왕 원년이라는 점에서 주목을 끈다. 金春秋가 왕위에 오른 후 시행한 첫 군사정책이라는 점에서 의미가 작지 않다. 신라중대의 개창과 더불어 창설되었다는 것은 그만큼 정치적 의지가 강하게 반영되었다고 할 수 있기 때문이다. 정치적 실권자로 정국을 이끌었던 김춘추는 진덕여왕 사후 즉위한 뒤 새로운 질서의 수립을 강력히 추진했다. 계금당이 그것으로 신라중대 율령체제에 기반한 율령군(律令軍)의 창설이었다. 이는 단순히 군단 하나의 증설이 아니라 신라중대 적 질서를 상징하는 군사조직의 신설이었다. 계금당의 휘장은 신라중대 왕실의 직할군단으로서 새로운 군제를 표방하는 상징물로서 의미를 지녔다. 계금당의 군관 23인 가운데 21인이 기병 지휘관으로 나타나고 있어 계금당이 삼국통일기 기동군 단으로서 핵심 군사력의 역할을 수행하고 있었다. 신라중대적 질서를 뒷받침하는 핵심적 군사기반의 제도적 정비였다. 여제 멸망 후 나당전쟁의 전개는 계금당의 확대과정에 영향을 미쳤다. 나당전쟁이 점차 격화되기 시작한 것이다. 계금당은 기병이 91%로서, 신라군의 실질적 인 기동군단으로 역할했다. 새로운 군단의 편제였고 새로운 군사력의 운용이었다. 계금당은 신라의 공세적 방어전략을 상징하며, 나아가 삼국통일이 당군의 철수에 의해 얻어진 피동적 결과물이 아니라 적극적 투쟁을 통해 쟁취한 역사적 성과물 임을 보여준다. Kim Chun-chu’s force seizing political authority through suppression over Bidam·Yeomjong’s Uprising had Queen Jindeok as head and solidified its power. It promoted diplomacy to Tang in order to strengthen its ruling system internally and get rid of national crisis externally. In the 2nd year of Queen Jindeok (648), Kim Chun-chu went on an envoy with his son, Munwang. Since Tang’s Tai-zong gave positive responses promising to dispatch its troops, a Silla-Tang alliance was established successfully, and Silla struggled to induce Tang’s military system. It was because the system grounded on the law that had been executed from the reign of King Beopheung was not sufficient institutionally. Silla appointed the commander of the army in the battle field for the unification of the Three States as Chonggwan (摠管), and it was the result of accepting Tang’s Haenggun (行軍) system. After ascending the throne after the death of Queen Jindeok, Kim Chun-chu propelled the establishment of new order forcibly. Gyegeumdang was an example of it, and it was the foundation of Yulryeonggun (律令軍) based on the legal system during mid-Silla. It does not simply mean the extension of one more corps but the formation of a new military organization symbolizing the order of mid-Silla. Gyegeumdang’s badge was a symbolic icon claiming to support the new military system as a corps directly controlled by the royal family of mid-Silla. 21 out of 23 military officers of Gyegeumdang were, in fact, the commanders of mounted troops, so it means that Gyegeumdang played the central roles of military power as mobile troops during the unification of the Three States. It was the nuclear, military-based institutional maintenance backing up the order of mid-Silla. After the collapse of Goguryeo and Baekje, the development of Silla-Tang’s War influenced the extension of Gyegeumdang. Because previously, the main corpses of Silla were organized mostly with foot soldiers affiliated to mounted troops, it was limited to confront Tang’s troops with them. 91% of Gyegeumdang were mounted troops, and it was much higher than that of Seodang (25%) or Nangdang (26%). They played roles as the mobile troops of Silla’s army then practically. It was the new organization of corpses and new operation of military power. As the battle field was extended to the east of the Korean Peninsula, Gyegeumdang was dispatched in division to the central area (Gyegeumdang) and the countryside (Hansanjugyedang). With the installation of Usujugyedang, Igyedang (二罽幢) was completed. Gyegeumdang symbolized Silla’s offensive defense strategies, and it also implies that the unification of the Three States was not the passive result gained by the withdrawal of Tang’s army but the historical result accomplished through an aggressive fight.

울릉도의 고분을 통해서 본 신라중대의 지방통치

한준수 ( Han Jun-su ) 국민대학교 한국학연구소 2014 한국학논총 Vol.41 No.-

울릉도는 적어도 청동기 시대부터 인간이 거주하기 시작했으며, 독자적인 해양 문화를 형성했다. 고고학적 연구를 통해 의미있는 성과가 나왔는데, 6세기 중반부 터 10세기를 하한선으로 하는 토기편년이 제시되었다. 대체로 신라 중·하대와 궤를 같이 한다. 우산국에 대한 인식은 비교적 이른 시기부터 나타난다. 고구려 등 한반도 북부 의 국가들과 교류가 있었던 것으로 여겨지며, 중국측 기록에는 3세기 무렵부터 등장한다. 사료를 보면 우산국은 전래된 대륙문화를 토대로 하여 일정한 수준의 문화를 향유하며 정치체를 형성하였고 남으로는 왜 등과 교류를 하였다. 이 무렵 신라는 5세기 후반의 국력신장을 바탕으로 지증왕대 이사부를 보내 우 산국을 정복하였다. 정복 이후 직접적인 지방통치를 시도하였고, 행정실무를 수행 하는 촌주를 설치하였다. 직접지배에 따른 지역민의 반발과 반신라적 정서를 차단 한 것이다. 외형적으로 기존 사회정서를 유지하면서 실질적으로 신라의 통치력을 침투시킨 것이다. 문헌에 보이는 석불, 석탑, 쇠종은 이 곳에 불교가 존재했음을 보여주는데 지역 민의 삶과 신앙에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 8∼9세기 제작된 것으로 추정되는 청동제 불 상의 존재는 그러한 가능성을 높여준다. 신앙은 지역민과 병사들에게 결속과 안정을 제공했다. 신라는 사찰을 세우고 불교를 포교하며 그들을 신라인으로 동화시키고자 했던 것이다. 그리고 이러한 사찰이 존재했던 곳이 우산국의 치소(治所)였을 것인데, 현재의 울릉도 서북부 현포지역으로 추정된다. 기와 조각 등의 유물이 출토된 사실은 이를 뒷받침한다. 고대사회에서 기와는 관청에서만 소비된다는 점에서 근거는 충분 하다. 서북쪽의 현포, 북동쪽의 천부, 남서쪽의 남양은 모촌(母村)으로 추정되며, 주변으로 자촌(子村)이 분화되어 갔다. 그런데 삼국통일 이후 전개된 한반도 정세와 일본의 동향은 변화를 촉발했다. 신라가 당군을 몰아내면서 나당연합이 나당전쟁으로 변질되어, 배후세력인 일본은 신라에게 위협이 되었다. 성덕왕대 당과 발해가 전쟁을 하면서 당과 신라가 우호 관계로 전환되자, 발해는 일본과 친선관계를 조성하여 견제하였으므로 이들의 밀착을 방관할 수만은 없었다. 특히 경덕왕대 일본은 신라정벌계획을 추진했다. 이에 따라 동해에 위치한 우산국은 군사적 해양거점으로 운용되었다. 발해의 일본사행로는 ‘함경도-동해연안-울릉도-독도-오키섬-산인’으로 연결되는 항로가 기본 루트였다. 이는 대양항해의 위험성을 줄여주는 동시에, 울릉도와 독도 등 명확한 조타목표가 존재하여 항해의 효율성도 높았다. 주요항로가 울릉도를 조타목표로 했으므로 신라는 능동적으로 대응했다. 선박통행을 감시하거나 군 사력을 이용하여 상호 교섭을 차단하였다. 동시에 고립된 해양공간으로 외부의 침략에 취약한 이 곳을 지키기 위한 대비책도 시행하였는데 신라본토의 통치질서와 근본적으로 다르지 않았다. 우산국은 지리상 고립되어 있었지만 신라의 영역으로 서 중·하대 지방통치체제 내에 존속하며 동시대에 존재하고 있었다. In Ulreungdo(울릉도), people have been residing since at least the Bronze Age, and they created an independent marine culture. Meanwhile, meaningful outcomes were produced from archeological research, and earthenware chronicles that ranged from the mid-sixth century to the tenth century were proposed. Overall, there is a similar type of appearance to that from the middle and later Silla periods. The perception of Usanguk(于山國) appears from a relatively early period. Usanguk(于山國) is believed to have made exchanges with countries in the north of the Korean peninsula such as Goguryeo(高句麗), and this country appears in Chinese literature from around the third century. In looking into historic literature, Usanguk(于山國) formed its political system while enjoying a certain level of culture based on Chinese culture that had been passed down. Then, it was involved in exchanges to the south with Japan. Around this period, Silla conquered Usanguk(于山國) by sending Isabu(異斯 夫) during the reign of King Jijeung(智證王) as part of the extension of Silla’s national power around the fifth century. Silla attempted direct control over local regions after the conquest, and established administrative villages in which the village head stayed and carried out administrative affairs. This was a means to block resistance from local residents and their anti-Silla emotions following direct rule. In this way, Silla was able to penetrate that area with their ruling power while maintaining the existing social order externally. The stone Buddha, stone pagodas, and steel bells mentioned in literature show that Buddhism existed in this area; this affected greatly the lives and faith of local residents. The existence of a bronze Buddha statue that is estimated to have been manufactured between the eight to ninth centuries raised such a possibility. Faith offered unity and stability to local residents and soldiers. Through the construction of Buddhist temples and propagation of Buddhism, Silla tried to assimilate the residents as people of Silla. Also, the location of such Buddhist temples must have been the ruling center of Usanguk(于山國), and this is believed to have been the northwestern Hyeonpo(현포) area of current Ulreungdo(울릉도). This is proven by the excavation of remains such as the pieces of traditional roof tiles because roof tiles were only used for government offices in this ancient society. Hyeonpo(현 포) in the northwest, Cheonbu(천부) in the northeast, and Namyang(남양) in the southwest are estimated to be the main villages with minor villages spread around them. Meanwhile, the political situation of the Korean peninsula and trend of Japan, which had emerged since the unification of the three kingdoms, prompted changes. As Silla expelled soldiers of Tang(唐), the alliance between Silla and Tang deteriorated into a war between Silla and Tang; while Japan, which was the de facto power, became a threat to Silla. As the relationship between Tang and Silla became friendly along with the beginning of a war between Tang and Balhae(渤海) during the reign of King Seongdeok(聖德王), Balhae formed a friendly relationship with Japan in order to keep them in check. As a result, Silla could not overlook such a close relationship between Balhae and Japan any more. In particular, Japan pursued a plan of conquest towards Silla during the reign of King Gyeongdeok(경덕왕). Accordingly, Usanguk, which was located in the East Sea, was used as a strategic, marine military point. Concerning a diplomatic visit to Japan by Balhae, the basic sea route was that from Hamgyeongdo(함경도)-the coastal area of the East Sea(동해)- Ulreungdo-Oki Island(오키섬)-Sanin(산인). This reduced the risk of sailing on the open sea while also increasing sailing efficiency owing to the existence of clear navigational goals such as Ulreungdo and Dokdo. Since the main sea route used Ulreungdo for navigation, Silla responded actively to this. It was able to block mutual negotiations by either by monitoring the passing of ships or using military power. Simultaneously, Silla made preparations to protect Ulreungdo as its isolation made it vulnerable to external attack. Silla initiated a new recruiting system based on the execution of the equal-field system; therefore, it was not fundamentally different from the ruling order of the mainland of Silla, which was based on a criminal and administrative system. Although Usanguk had been isolated geographically, it existed within the criminal and administrative system of the middle to later period of Silla as a domain of Silla, and also in the same era.

신체질환이 있는 노인환자의 우울증상

한준수(Jun-su Han),이현수(Hyeon-Soo Lee),이성근(Seong-Keun Lee),정인과(In-Kwa Jung) 대한노인정신의학회 1997 노인정신의학 Vol.1 No.1

연구배경: 본 연구는 신체질환이 있는 65세이상의 노인환자에서 신체질환에 의한 신체적 기능 장애의 심각도가 우울증상 및 우울장애에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 150명의 신체질환이 있는 노인환자중에서 MMSEK상에서 19점이하인 12명을 제외한 138명에게 인구사회학적인 변인, 건강특성 변인 및 신체질환에 의한 기능장애의 정도를 평가한 후 우울검사들(MADRS, KGDS, GDS)을 실시하였으며, 추가로 65명의 신체질환이 있는 노인환자중에서 MMSE-K상에서 19점이하인 4명을 제외한 61명에게 인구사회학적인 변인, 건강특성변인 및 신체질환에 의한 기능장애의 정도를 평가한 후 DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준에 의거한 임상진단과 KGDS를 실시하였다. 결 과: 대상군에서 우울증상을 나타내는 경우는 KGDS, GDS, MADRS에서 각각 50.0%, 36.2%, 35.5%였다. 신체질환에 의한 기능장애가 심각한 집단은 상대적으로 장애가 적은 집단에 비하여 KGDS, GDS, MADRS에서 유의한 높은 점수를 보였다. 신체질환에 의한 기능장애의 심각도는 모든 우울검사들과 유의한 정적인 상관관계를 보였다. 우울검사들과 상관관계를 보이는 변인들에서 신체질환에 의한 기능장애의 정도가 모든 우울검사들을 가장 잘 설명해주는 변인이었다. 추가로 시행된 연구에서 대상군의 19.7%가 주요우울장애, 18%가 기분부전장애를 나타냈으며, 주요우울장애와 기분부전장애로 진단된 환자군이 우울장애로 진단되지 않은 환자군에 비하여 FDRPT와 KGDS점수가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 신체질환을 가진 노인환자에서 우울증상 및 우울장애의 빈도는 일반적인 노년기의 우울증상 및 우울장애의 빈도보다 높았으며, 신체질환에 의한 기능장애가 우울증상에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 신체질환이 있는 노인환자에서 우울증상을 감별하는 것은 상당히 중요한 일이라고 생각된다. 부가적으로, KGDS는 다른 우울검사들과 유의한 상관성을 가지며, 우울증상 및 우울장애에 대한 높은 진단변별력을 가지는 것으로 추정되어졌다. 그러므로 KGDS가 신체질환을 가지는 노인환자에서 우울증의 선별검사용으로 유용한 검사방법이라는 것과 미래에 체계적인 연구가 필요하다는 점을 제안한다. Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of severity of functional disability, caused by physical illness, on the depressive symptoms and depressive disorders of the elderly patients (above 65 year-old) with physical illness. Method:Complete medical and psychiatric evaluations were achieved on 138 patients, except the 12 patients, who were severely cognitively impaired (MMSE-K score;below 19), of the 150 elderly patients (above 65 year-old) with physical illness. Sociodemographic data and health characteristic data were systematically collected, and the severity of functional disability caused by physical illness was evaluated. Depression scales (KGDS, GDS, MADRS) on 138 elderly patients were executed. In addition, based on the 61 patients of the 65 elderly patients (above 65 years old) with physical illness, except 4 patients who were severely cognitively impaired (MMSE-K score; below 19), sociodemographic data and health characteristic data were collected. The clinical diagnosis by DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and KGDS on 61 elderly patients were performed, and their functional disability caused by physical illness was evaluated. Results:The frequency of depressive symptoms showed 50.0%, 36.2%, and 35.5%, respectively in KGDS, GDS, and MADRS. The patients with severe functional disability caused by physical illness-compared with those with mild functional disability-had significantly higher score on the depression scales (KGDS, GDS, MADRS). The correlation between severity of functional disability caused by physical illness and depression scales was highly positive. Severity of functional disability caused by physical illness was the strongest contributor to the depression scales. In the additional study, 19.7% of patients were diagnosed as major depressive disorder, 18% of them as dysthymic disorder, and depressive disorder (major depressive disorder & dysthymic disorder) group-compared with nondepressive disorder group-showed significantly higher score on the FDRPT and KGDS. Conclusion:The frequency of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in elderly patients with physical illness was higher, compared with those in general elderly people. Functional di-sability caused by physical illness most highly influenced on depressive symptoms. Thus, it is important to discriminate whether the elderly patients with physical illness have depressive symptoms or not. In addition, we assumed that KGDS was not only highly correlated with other depression scales (GDS, MADRS), but also had the high diagnostic power of dis-crimination for depressive symptoms and depressive disorder. This study suggested that KGDS was available in screening depression in the elderly patients with physical illness. It was necessary to study systematically the availability of KGDS in the future.

신라 통일기 新三千幢의 설치와 운용

한준수(Han jun-su) 한국고대사학회 2015 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.0 No.78

신라는 나당연합을 통해 백제·고구려를 멸망시킴으로써 삼국통일을 달성할 수 있었으나, 唐은 나당동맹을 통해 자신들의 팽창전략을 실현하고자 했기에 양국의 충돌은 피할 수 없었다. 신라가 옛 백제지역에 대한 지배를 확립하면서 충돌은 격화되었고, 한강 이북의 옛 고구려 지역을 중심으로 전개되었다. 그러나 강원 영서지역까지 전역이 확대되면서 戰勢가 악화됨에 따라 신라는 영서지역을 위수지역으로 하는 군단의 증설이 필요했다. 나당전쟁의 격화로 전역이 확대되면서 군사적 불확실성이 증폭되자 강원 영서지역을 위수지역으로 하는 신삼천당 3개 군단이 설치되었다. 우수주(춘천)는 예로부터 중요한 교통로상에 위치했으며, 나당전쟁 동안 신라 동부전선의 전진기지이자 교두보의 위상을 지니고 있었다. 교통로 후방인 내토군(제천)에도 신삼천당이 두어졌는데, 동부전선의 확산 저지와 영서로 방어를 위함이었다. 의림지가 위치한 내토군은 변방을 지키는 병사들을 위한 전방의 중요한 식량공급 기지였으며, 방어와 보급의 이중 기능을 담당했다. 내생군(영월)에도 두어졌는데, 나당전쟁의 공간확대와 더불어 시간확대가 영향을 미친 결과였다. 신라 동부전선의 방어를 위해 창설된 신삼천당은 편제와 운용에 있어 지리적 특성이 고려되었다. 신라 중고기 보병군단으로 존재했던 삼천당을 모범으로 하여 파생된 군단이었다. 병력구성에 있어서는 지휘관의 경우 왕경인과 지방민이 병용되었다. 현지 출신의 군관을 참모나 하급군관 등으로 활용하여 보다 효과적인 작전수행을 할 수 있었으며, 일반병졸의 경우 지방민이 보다 더 활용되었다. 병졸의 충원방식은 자원병이 주축을 이루었는데, 전투력에 있어 적극성을 확보할 수 있었기 때문이었다. 신라 중고기부터 기능했던 삼천당을 기준으로 함과 동시에 진흥왕대 영역확장의 理想을 재현하려던 취지가 반영된 결과이기도 했다. Silla could attain the unification of three nations by destroying Baekje and Goguryeo through Silla-Tang coalition; however, Tang failed to avoid the collision of two nations as it meant to realize its own expansion strategies through Silla-Tang alliance. The collision got severer as Silla established its ruling over the old Baekje’s area, and this developed around the old Goguryeo’s area on the north of the Han River. But the war was extended even to Yeongseo of Gangwon, and it was transmitted to Silla as well; therefore, it was needed to increase corps that could guard the Yeongseo area. As military uncertainty increased in this way, three Shinsamcheondang corps were installed to guard Yeongseo of Gangwon. Woosuju(Chuncheon) had been located on the crucial traffic route from a long time ago, and it had its status as an advanced base and bridgehead of the eastern front in Silla during the Silla-Tang War. In Naetogun(Jecheon), the back of the traffic route, too, Shinsamcheondang was set, which was to prevent the extension of the eastern front and defend Yeongseo area. Naetogun where Uirimji was located was a crucial food supply base in the front for the soldiers guarding the frontier, and it played dual roles, defense and supply. It was set in Naesaenggun(Yeongwol), too, and it was the result of both spatial and temporal extension of the Silla-Tang War. In founding Shinsamcheondang to defend the eastern front of Silla, geographical characteristics were considered in terms of organization and operation. It was the corps derived by taking as an example Samcheondang which had existed as an infantry corps during the medieval period of Silla. In the organization of the troops, both capital people and local people were appointed as commanders. Local military officers were used as advisors or subordinate military officers, so it was possible to launch operations more effectively. As general soldiers, local people were utilized more. In the modes of recruiting soldiers, volunteer soldiers were the most, which was because it was possible to secure aggressiveness in terms of fighting power by it. This was the result of the intention to take as the reference Samcheondang that had functioned from the medieval period of Silla and also realize the ideal of expanding the area in the reign of King Jinheung.

Synthesis of Tris(silyl)methanes by Modified Direct Process

이창엽,한준수,유복렬,정일남,Lee, Chang Yeop,Han, Jun Su,Yu, Bok Ryeol,Jeong, Il Nam Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.10

Direct reaction of elemental silicon with a mixture of (dichloromethyl)silanes 1 $[Cl_3-nMenSiCHCl_2:$ n = 0 (a), n = 1(b), n = 2(c), n = 3(d)] and hydrogen chloride has been studied in the presence of copper catalyst using a stirred bed reactor equ ipped with a spiral band agitator at various temperatures from $240^{\circ}C$ to $340^{\circ}C.$ Tris(si-lyl) methanes with Si-H bonds, 3a-d $[Cl_3-nMenSiCH(SiHCl_2)_2]$, and 4a-d $[Cl_3-nMenSiCH(SiHCl_2)(SiCl_3)]$, were obtained as the major products and tris(silyl)methanes having no Si-H bond, 5a-d $[Cl_3-nMenSiCH(SiCl_3)_2]$, as the minor product along with byproducts of bis(chlorosilyl)methanes, derived from the reaction of silicon with chloromethylsilane formed by the decomposition of 1. In addition to those products, trichlorosilane and tetra-chlorosilane were produced by the reaction of elemental silicon with hydrogen chloride. The decomposition of 1 was suppressed and the production of polymeric carbosilanes reduced by adding hydrogen chloride to 1. Cad-mium was a good promoter for and the optimum temperature for this direct synthesis was $280^{\circ}C$.

TiI₄에 의한 Stainless강의 Ti증착속도에 관한 연구

유재근(Jae Keun Yoo),한준수(Jun Su Han),백영현(YoungHyunPaik) 한국표면공학회 1985 한국표면공학회지 Vol.18 No.1

AFP로 제작된 두꺼운 복합재료 스파의 제작 및 구조 해석

김지현 ( Ji Hyeon Kim ),한준수 ( Jun Su Han ),배병환 ( Byung Hwan Bae ),최진호 ( Jin Ho Choi ),권진회 ( Jin Hwe Kweon ) 한국복합재료학회 2015 Composites research Vol.28 No.4

A large composite spar was manufactured using an automatic fiber placement (AFP) machine. To verify its structural performance, the weakest part of the structure, which is called ‘corner radius’, was tested under bending and examined by finite element analysis. Since the application of AFP machine to composite structure fabrication is still in early stage in Korea, this paper presents the summary of whole process for manufacturing composite spar using AFP machine from mandrel design and analysis to verification test. The deflection and stress by mandrel weight and AFP machine force, thermal deformation and natural frequency were all examined for mandrel design. The target structure was composite C-spar and cured in an autoclave. Test results were compared with nonlinear finite element analysis results to show that the structure has the strength close to the theoretical value. It was confirmed that the corner radius of the spar manufactured by AFP process showed deviation less than 20% compared with first ply failure strength. The results indicate that the AFP technology could be used for large scale composite structure production in the near future.

가시오갈피(Acanthopanax senticosus)의 자생지 환경특성

천경식(Kyeong-Sik Cheon),한준수(Jun-Soo Han),장수길(Su-Kil Jang),유기억(Ki-Oug Yoo) 강원대학교 환경연구소 2010 Journal of the Environment Vol.7 No.-

This study intended to investigate environmental factors including soil and vegetation in order to understand the environmental and ecological characteristics of 4 different habitats of Acanthopanax senticosus. These habitats, according to investigations, are mostly located at elevation of 674 m to 1,242 m with angles of inclination ranging from 3 degree to 36 degrees. A total of 81 vascular plants are identified in 5 quadrates of 4 habitats. The importance value of Acanthopanax senticosus is 22.9%, and 5 highly ranked species such as Deutzia uniflora (18.1%), Deutzia glabrata (10.3%), Syringa patula var. kamibaysii (6.7%), Weigela subsessilis (5.6%) and Euonymus macropterus (5.1%) are considered to be an affinity with Acanthopanax senticosus in their habitats. The dominance species of the four habitats are represented as Comus controversa (33.8%) in the tree layer (T1), and Actinidia arguta (17.1%), Acer tegmentosum (13.8%) in the subtree layer (T2), and Astilboides tabularis (21.4%), Dryopteris crassirhizoma (11.0%) and Polystichum tripteron (6.7%) in the herbaceous layer (H). The degree of their average species diversity is 1.25, and that of dominance and evenness are 0.08 and 0.89, respectively. The average field capacity of soil is 32.1 %, soil pH is 5.98, and organic matter is 18.21%. Correlation coefficients analysis based on environmental factors shows that the negative correlated in coverage of Acanthopanax senticoslls-coverage of tree and subtree layer.

이종 네트워크간의 QoS 보장을 위한 버퍼관리 방안

손주항(Ju-hang Sohn),이효준(Hyo-jun Lee),안진섭(Jin-sub Ahn),김민택(Min-taig Kim),한준수(Jun-su Han) 한국통신학회 2006 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.7