Saudi Arabia 북서부의 지하수조사

한정상,정수웅 한국수자원학회 1975 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.8 No.2

Hydrogeological survey and geophysical prospecting have been carried out in Saudi Arabia for the purpose of finding groundwater in the soil and rock at the request of General trading company in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The surveyed area is located on $38^{\circ}-39^{\circ}$ 30' in longitude and $26^{\circ}-26^{\circ}$ 30' in latitude. The topography of this area is dominated by northwest southeast mountain range composed mostly of precambrian rocks and basalt of tertiary period. Geology is mainly composed of greenstone, granite, andesite, diorite rhyolite of pre-cambrian era and sandstone of cambrian period which are underlained by basalt and andesite of tertiary period and alluvium of quaternary unconformably. The instruments used in this investigation are TR-18B2 radioactivity unit which isjapanese patented and A.C. Terrameter, a resistivity meter manufactured by ABEM of Stockholm, Sweden. Radioactivity method has been conducted along the Alula-Khaybar road, totally 164Km by the car-borne. As a result of the above survey 16 places have been selected and these anomalies show 1.2N-1.6N compared to background of each area in intensity with width of 10-50m. Resistivity vertical profiling which made use of Schlumberger configuration method has been made over selected areas by radioactivity method to provide hydrogeological information for a water resources survey. The result of resistivity shows that good aquifers are located in the western part of surveyed area where sedimentary rock is distributed. The strata showing 10-50, ${\Omega}-m$ in resistivity are thought to be waterbearing layer. The variations in aquifer resistivity found, are thought to be due to verying clay content, which could be related to aquifer yield. It has proved impossible to detect small salinity variation in the buried aquifer by geophysics. As a result of resistivity prospecting 10 places are recommended to be drilled at the anomalies as shown attached map. yields from the proposed holes have been estimated approximately from $20m^3$ to $200m^3$ per day. Prior to drilling for groundwater, test boring using ${\c}4"$ should be drilled in order to obtain more reliable hydrogeological information for the construction of perfect wells.ells.

지열시스템에서 지열정사이의 적정이격거리 산정법(2)

한정상,한혁상,한찬,김형수 한국지열에너지학회 2008 지열에너지저널 Vol.4 No.1

오염 지하수의 제어와 정화방법

한정상,김춘식,한규상 한국지반환경공학회 2008 지반환경 Vol.9 No.3

한반도의 암반 지하수에 관한 연구

한정상 한국수자원학회 1981 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.14 No.4

암반 지하수의 개발이 현재 국내에서 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 이들 심부 지하수를 배태하고 있는 각종 암류에 대한 그 수리 지질학적인 산출상태를 규명키 위한 연구가 전무한 상태였다. 대체적으로 심부 지하수는 지하 심부에서 발원 형성된 지질학적인 일 및 이차 공극내에 저유된 것으로 그 산출상태가 가장 양호한 암류는 화산암류, 퇴적암류, 변성퇴적암 및 편암, 안산암류, 편마암류 및 화강암의 순이다. 특히 규모가 큰 단층, 파쇄대와 같은 이차 공극이 잘 발달되어 있는 저지대에서의 암반, 지하수의 산출상태는 규모가 적은 절리, 층리와 같은 일 및 이차 공극이 발달된 고지대보다 그 산출상태가 각 암류별로 310% 이상 높다. 특히 결정질암에 대한 적정정호 심도를 구해 본 결과 그 심도는 80m이였다. More than 650 numbers of water well ranging in depth from 100M to 200M were installed in South Korean Penninsula during the last decade for the purpose of industrial use and municipal water supply. Those data were compiled and synthesized by writer to determine their hydrogeologic occurences in accordance with their geologic and areal characteristics. Rocks yielding the deep seated ground water beared in the geologic primary and secondary porosities are classified into 6 groups according to their geologic, hydrogeologic, and topographic characteristics, that are: volcanic, sedimentary, meta-sediment and/or schist, andesitic, gneissic, and granitic rocks. The order of ground water productivity of the groups is as written above. Even granitic rocks including porphyries, granite, and intermediate and basic plutonic rocks is considered to be the most poorest ground water yielding group among 6, it's average yield form a single well with average drilling depth of 116M is about 225 cubic meters per day if it's drilling site is properly located. Generally speaking, seizable geologic structures such as fractured, sheared, and faulted zone at the flat surface and valley center yield almost 310% more of deep seated bet rock ground water in comparision with minor structures of joints, bedding planes, and so on that are occured at high land. 50 numbers of water well drilled at crystalline rocks were specially checked and measured it's ground water yie 1ds at each drilled depth to determine each interval's productivity while hammer drilling was going on. The results indicate that the specific capacity and yield of each water well at a depth below 70M to 80M was almost neglegible. It means that optimum well depth of crystalline rocks, except the area having seizable geologic structures, shall be not deeper than 80M.

국내 천정의 정호 수두 손실

한정상 한국수자원학회 1977 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.10 No.1

43,000 shallow water wells have been installed as a part of all weather irrigation water supply project executed during 1969 to 1970 in all over Korea penninsula in order to solve water shortage problem of farming land by developing shallow ground water reserved in unconsolidated materials. But after 3 years later it was reported that 34% of the wells were abandoned by the reasons of artificial and natural defects. 48 wells distributed uniformly in the penninsula are selected to determine their well loss constants, relation between well loss and specific capacity, and tophographic classification of the well loss on the shallow water well. The results show that average well loss consatnt and the value of $CQ^2/S_w$ is ranged from $5.95{\times}10^{-5}\;to\;3.65{\times}10^{-8}Day^2M^{-5}$ and from 35.5% to maximum 68.48% respectvely and that relation between specific capacity and well loss constant can be approximately formulated as $C=0.61S_p2.246$ However this result indicates that most wells installed in this time have too high value of well loss constant $CQ^2/S_w$ in comparison with properly deseigned well. The most favorable and producable water bearing formation among unconsolidated deposits such as sand & gravel, boulderly gravel, clayey boulderly gravel, and sand formation in Korea is sand formation deposited in center of valley.

지하수계의 전기 유사모형

한정상 한국수자원학회 1972 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.5 No.1

지하수계의 전기 유사모형

한정상 한국수자원학회 1972 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.5 No.1

금호강유역(琴湖江流域) 지하수대(地下水帶)에 관한 연구(硏究)

한정상,Han, Jeong Sang 대한자원환경지질학회 1978 자원환경지질 Vol.11 No.3

The Gum-Ho river basin is one of the densely populated area having more than 35% of the total population and it was also well irrigated since earlier days in the Nackdong river basin. Most of the easily developed source of surface water are fully utilized, and at this moment the basin is at the stage that no more :surface water can be made available under the present rapid development of economic condition. Since surface water supplies from the basin have become more difficult to obtain, the ground water resources must be thoroughly investigated and utilized greatly hereafter. In economic ground of the basin what part could ground water play? In what quantities and, for what uses could it be put? The answer to these questions can be relatively simple;the ground water resources in the basin can be put at almost any desired use and almost anywhere in the basin The area of the basin is at about $2088km^2$ in the middle part of Nackdong river basin and it is located along the Seoul-Pusan express highway. The mean annual rainfall is about 974.7mm, most of which falls from June to September during the monsoon. Accumulated is appeared approximately after every 8 year's accumlated dry period with the duration of 5 years. The water bearing formation in the basin include unconsolidated alluvial deposits in Age of Quaternary, saprolite derived from weathered crystalline rocks, Gyongsang sedimentary formations of the period from late Jurassic to Cretaceouse, and igneouse rocks ranging of the Age from Mesozoic to Cenozoic. The most productive ground water reservoir in the basin is calcareous shale and sandstones of Gyongsang system, which occupies about 66% of the total area. The results of aquifer test on Gyongsang sedimentary formation show that average pumping capacity of a well drilled into the formation with drilling diameter and average depth of $8{\frac{1}{2}}$ inch and 136m is $738m^3/day$ and also average specific capacity of those well is estimated $77.8m^3/D/M$. Total amount of the ground water reserved in the basin is approximately estimated at 37 billion metric tons, being equivalent 18 years total precipitations, among which 7 billion metric tons of portable ground water can be easily utilized in depth of 200 meters.

3-tier 시스템 환경에서 비 에이전트 방식의 데이터베이스 사용자 식별 방안

한정상,신동천 한국데이터전략학회 2018 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.25 No.2

The changes of internet environment have made services through web application server (WAS) popular. Accordingly, technical difficulties in identifying users who access databases through WAS were incurred. In order to solve these problems, many companies adopt an agent-based approach for identifying users by installing additional software on WAS. However, this approach must submit to some disadvantages in terms of cost, maintenance, and development process. In this paper, we devise an non-agent based approach for identifying database users in 3-tier environments.

수주지열정(SCW)을 이용한 천부지열 냉난방시스템 설계지침

한정상,한혁상,한찬,김형수,전재수,Hahn, Jeong-Sang,Han, Hyuk-Sang,Hahn, Chan,Kim, Hyong-Soo,Jeon, Jae-Soo 대한자원환경지질학회 2006 자원환경지질 Vol.39 No.5

For the reasonable use of low grade-shallow geothermal energy by Standing Column Well(SCW) system, the basic requirements are depth-wise increase of earth temperature like $2^{\circ}C$ per every 100m depth, sufficient amount of groundwater production being about 10 to 30% of the design flow rate of GSHP with good water quality and moderate temperature, and non-collapsing of borehole wall during reinjection of circulating water into the SCW. A closed loop type-vertical ground heat exchanger(GHEX) with $100{\sim}150m$ deep can supply geothermal energy of 2 to 3 RT but a SCW with $400{\sim}500m$ deep can provide $30{\sim}40RT$ being equivalent to 10 to 15 numbers of GHEX as well requires smaller space. Being considered as an alternative of vertical GHEX, many numbers of SCW have been widely constructed in whole country without any account for site specific hydrogeologic and geothermal characteristics. When those are designed and constructed under the base of insufficient knowledges of hydrgeothermal properties of the relevant specific site as our current situations, a bad reputation will be created and it will hamper a rational utilization of geothermal energy using SCW in the near future. This paper is prepared for providing a guideline of SCW design comportable to our hydrogeothermal system. 내 수문지열계 가운데 수주지열정(SCW)시스템을 합리적으로 설치이용할 수 있는 조건들은 심도별 지온증가율이 명확하고($2^{\circ}C/100m$심도), 기존의 지하수 열펌프가 필요로 하는 순환수의 유량에 비해 최소 $10{\sim}30%$의 중온의 심부지하수가 산출될 수 있어야 하며, 순환수를 공내로 재주입시 공내붕괴가 일어나지 않는 견고한 암석들이 존재 하여야 한다. 수주지열정의 1개공당 굴착심도는 평균 $400{\sim}500m$이며, 이로 부터 개발가능한 지열에너지는 공당 약 $30{\sim}40RT$ 규모인데 비해 1개 수직지중열교환기가 공급가능한 지열에너지는 $2{\sim}3RT$ 정도이다. 즉 수주지열정 1개공은 $10{\sim}15$개의 수직지중열교환기 역할을 한다. 따라서 이 방식은 수직루프 설치장소의 공간 문제를 해소할 수 있는 유일한 대안으로 인식되어, 현재 전국 각지에서 많은 수의 SCW들이 무분별 하게 비과학적으로 설치되고 있다. 이와 같이 해당지역 수문지열계의 수리 지질학적인 특성과 열적인 특성을 명확히 파악하지 않은 상태에서 수주지열정을 설계 시공하는 경우에 나타날 문제점들은 추후 합리적인 천부지열 개발 이용에 지대한 장애요인이 될 것이다. 따라서 본고는 국내 수문지열계에 적합한 수주지열정을 설계 하는데 있어 필요한 일종의 지침서를 제시하기 위해 작성되었다.