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한영진,송희선,박종관,민기철 대한마취과학회 1986 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.19 No.6
Clinical analysis was done of 284 head injured patients admitted to the hospitals in the Chombuk area from January to December 31, 1984. The results were the following. 1) Head in jury occurred mostly in the 3rd and 4th decade and male patients were 3.7 times as friquent as the female patients. 2) The main cause of head in jury was traffic accidents(79%) Other causes were blunt trauma, falls, and gunshot in that order. Many of the traffic accidents inbolved motorcycles. 3) The accidents were prevalent between 6 and 12 P.M. on Wedenesday and Thursday, and in spring and autumn. 4) There was close relation between the level of the consciousness and the death rate of the victims. That is, everyone who was clear or in a stuporous mental state at the time of operation survived, while most of the patients who were semi-or fully comatose died. 5) The time lag between the accident and the surgical operation was 1 to 3 hours. 6) 71% of the in juries were epidural and subdural hematomas, and the rest of the in juries were compressed skull fracture, hemorrage inside the brain parenchyme, in that order. 7) The auesthesia was induced mostly with thiopental sodium and maintained with halothane-N_2O-O_2 sequence(91.5%). NLA was used in the rest for anesthesia(9.1%). 8) Total auesthesia time lapsed for the operation was 2∼3 hour in 38%, 3∼4 hour in 25% and less than 1 hour in 1.7%.
술후 통증에 대한 Morphine, Ketorolac, Droperidol 의 혼합정주에 의한 균형진통의 효과
한영진,백선기,최훈 대한마취과학회 1994 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.27 No.10
Postoperative pain control is one of the main concern for the anesthesiologist. Intermittent narcotic injections caused inadequate pain relief in many patients. Periodic injections could improve analgesia with increased incidence of undesirable side effects including respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and urinary retenion. Balanced analgesia may lessen these complications without reducing analgesic effect. I assessed the effect of balanced analgesia using morphine, ketorolac and droperidol. Each 20 gynecological patients were allocated to one of four groups Morphine(initial bolus 2mg followed by 48mg continousi.v. for 2 days) or ketorolac(initial bolus 30mg, follwed by 120mg continousi.v. for 2 days) was continously injected in group 1 and group 2, respectively. In group 3, half doses of morphine and ketorolac in group 1, 2 was used in combinstion. 5mg of droperidol was added to group 3 drugs in group 4. There were no significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate in all groups. Onset time of analgesic effect was faster in morphine containing groups 1, and 4, and the effect was better in all three morphine containing group 1, 3 and 4 than ketorolac group 2. Untoward effects were least in ketorolac group 2. Droperidol could prevent nausea and vomiting, however led to increased incidence of somnolence. It could be concluded that balanced analgesia with morphine, ketorolac and droperidol with fine titration would be better than intravenous morphine or ketorolac alone.