건조조건이 돈육 육포의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

한두정,정종연,최지훈,최윤상,김학연,이미애,이의수,백현동,김천제,Han, Doo-Jeong,Jeong, Jong-Youn,Choi, Ji-Hun,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Hack-Youn,Lee, Mi-Ae,Lee, Eui-Soo,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Kim, Cheon-Jei 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구는 후지를 이용하여 다양한 건조방법에 의해 제조된 육포의 품질특성을 측정하여 가장 적합하고 안전하게 섭취할 수 있는 육포의 제조조건을 확립하기 위해 실시하였다. 대조구가 다른 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 수분함량 및 수분활성도와 높은 TBA값을 나타내었다. 또한, 건조조건에 따른 육포의 색도를 비교한 결과, 명도(lightness)를 나타내는 $L^*$-값은 T1처리구가 T2처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며, 적색도(redness)를 나타내는 $a^*$-값은 대조구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 가장 높게 나타났고, 황색도(yellowness)를 나타내는 $b^*$-값은 T2처리구가 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다. 건조수율 측정 결과, T2처리구가 가장 높은 수율을 나타내어(p<0.05), 최종제품의 수율 측면에서는 T2처리구의 건조방법이 가장 효과적인 건조방법으로 사료되었다. 각 육포의 물성측정 결과, 대조구가 다른 처리구들에 비해 가장 높은 hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness값과 가장 낮은 springiness값을 나타내었으며(p<0.05), 관능평가에서는 대조구가 모든 항목에서 유의적으로 낮은 평가를 받았다. 육포의 건조단계별 총균수의 변화를 비교한 결과, T2처리구가 건조초기와 후기에 가장 적은 총균수를 나타내었으며, 각 처리구별 최종 육포제품의 총균수는 $10^3$ CFU/g 미만이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 초기에 고온으로 처리한 후 단계적으로 온도를 저하시킨 T2처리구의 건조방법이 가장 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. We investigated the properties of pork jerky prepared under various drying conditions. Drying conditions were control ($80^{\circ}C$/210 min), T1 ($55^{\circ}C/60 min\to65^{\circ}C/60 min\to72^{\circ}C/90 min$), and T2 ($72^{\circ}C/90 min\to65^{\circ}C/60 min\to55^{\circ}C/60 min$), respectively. Water content and water activity ($a_w$) were the lowest in control, while TBA values were the highest among all groups (p<0.05). CIE $L^*$-value in T1 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than in T2 and CIE $a^*$-value showed significantly (p<0.05) the highest in control. CIE $b^*$-value in T2 were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the other treatments. Drying yields of pork jerky showed the lowest values in controls but highest in T2 jerky. In textual profile evaluations, control samples had greater hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness values than the other treatments, but springiness values were the lowest (p<0.05). Controls had significantly (p<0.05) lower scores than the other treatments in all sensorial traits. Total bacterial counts in T2 were the lowest during drying process. Based on our findings, we conclude that T2 conditions provided the most effective drying process.

보습제 종류와 첨가수준이 돈육 육포의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

한두정,정종연,최지훈,최윤상,김학연,이미애,이의수,백현동,김천제,Han, Doo-Jeong,Jeong, Jong-Youn,Choi, Ji-Hun,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Hack-Youn,Lee, Mi-Ai,Lee, Eui-Soo,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Kim, Cheon-Je 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.4

We investigated the quality properties of pork jerky prepared with various humectants (Konjac, egg albumin, isolated soy protein). Jerky was prepared as follows; control with no humectants, treatments with 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% humectants, respectively. Humectant treatments had higher drying yields of pork jerky than the control (p<0.05), Konjac treatment produced the the highest drying yields among the humectants tested. CIE a-and b-value were lowest in isolated soy protein treatments. b-value in 0.2% egg albumin treatments were higher than other treatments (p<0.05). Jerky water content increased as humectant content increased. Water activity (Aw) in 0.2% Konjac treatments was higher than controls and 0.05% Konjac (p<0.05). In textual profile evaluations, control samples had greater hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness values than other treatments, but very low springiness (p<0.05). Control had significantly (p<0.05) lower scores than the other treatments in sensorial texture, juiciness and overall acceptability. Based on our findings, we conclude that 0.05% Konjac was the most effective humectant among those we tested in this study.

열풍건조한 김치 분말이 저지방 소시지의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

이미애,한두정,최지훈,최윤상,김학연,정종연,백현동,김천제,Lee, Mi-Ai,Han, Doo-Jeong,Choi, Ji-Hun,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Hack-Youn,Jeong, Jong-Youn,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Kim, Cheon-Jei 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구는 열풍 건조한 김치분말을 저지방 소시지에 0, 1, 2, 및 3 %로 첨가하여 돈육 유화물과 소시지의 품질특성을 조사하여 김치분말을 이용한 육제품의 활용성에 대한 연구를 실시하였다 김치분말의 낮은 pH의 영향으로 저지방 소시지의 pH를 저하시켰고 CIE L값을 낮추고, CIE a값과 CIE b 값을 증가시켰다(p<0.05). 김치분말의 수분흡수력의 영향으로 가열수율과 유화안정성을 증가시켰으며 점도 또한 증가시켜 3%의 김치분말을 첨가한 저지방 처리구가 대조구와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 관능검사에서도 우수한 평가를 받아 열풍건조 김치분말의 활용은 고품질의 기능성 소시지를 개발하는데 유용한 식품 소재가 될 것으로 보인다.

한국형 슬라이스 우육포의 미생물학적, 이화학적 및 관능적 품질특성 평가

김현욱,이은경,한두정,최지훈,김천제,백현동,Kim, Hyoun-Wook,Lee, Eun-Kyung,Han, Doo-Jeong,Choi, Ji-Hun,Kim, Cheon-Jei,Paik, Hyun-Dong 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구는 한국형 슬라이스 육포를 실온조건과 가속조건 하에서 저장하면서 육포의 형태와 조미한 양념과 환경조건에 따른 육포의 미생물 균수의 변화와 이화학적 품질의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 실시하였다. 육포 저장 중의 일반세균수는 실온조건 저장과 가속조건 저장 모두에서 큰 변화가 없었고, 대장균군과 B. cereus는 검출되지 않았다. 저장기간 동안의 이화학적 특성은 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관능검사의 결과 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 가속조건에서 종합적인 기호도는 육포의 상품성이 없어지는 시점을 5라고 했을 경우 28일째에 5.3의 값을 나타내었다. 실온조건저장의 경우 종합적인 기호도는 6.3정도로 우수한 관능검사 성적을 나타내었다. 따라서, 본 실험의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 새롭게 개발한 한국형 슬라이스 육포는 미생물적 안전성이 우수하고, 이화학적 품질과 관능적 품질이 우수하며, 장기간 저장할 수 있는 우수한 품질의 육포라고 판단된다. We evaluated the microbial safety and quality characteristics of Korean slice beef jerky, and investigated these properties over 28-day and 90-day storage periods at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and elevated temperature ($35^{\circ}C$). After microbial counts of all samples, mesophilic bacteria were detected at 1.23 Log CFU/g at day 0. Counts of mesophilic bacteria did not change significantly in all samples, and coliforms and Bacillus cereus were not detected in all samples during storage at either $25^{\circ}C$ or $35^{\circ}C$. TBA values, Aw, and pH were investigated. The Aw of korean slice beef jerky stored at room temperature was 0.71 at day 0, and was reduced to 0.61 after 90 days. The TBA value increased as storage time increased, and its TBA value was 0.48 after 90 days of storage. The pH of all samples did not change significantly. At $35^{\circ}C$ storage, TBA values, Aw, pH were not significantly different than those stored at $25^{\circ}C$. Also, the sensory properties of all samples were not significantly different between two storage temperatures. In conclusion, these results suggest Koran slice beef jerky ould be used as basic study for development of the commercial beef jerky.

한국형 고추장 양념 돈육포의 미생물학적, 이화학적 및 관능적 품질 특성

김현욱,이경아,한두정,김천제,백현동,Kim, Hyoun-Wook,Lee, Kyoung-Ah,Han, Doo-Jeong,Kim, Cheon-Jei,Paik, Hyun-Dong 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구는 육포를 실온조건과 가속조건 하에서 저장하면서 육포의 양념, 포장조건과 환경조건에 따른 육포의 미생물균수의 변화와 이화학적 품질의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 실시하였다. 육포 저장중의 일반세균수는 실온조건 저장과 가속조건 저장 모두에서 큰 변화가 없었고, 대장균군과 B. cereus는 전 저장기간 동안 검출되지 않았다. 저장기간 동안의 이화학적 특성은 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 모든 육포에서의 관능검사는 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 가속조건에서 전체적인 기호도는 육포의 상품성이 없어지는 시점을 5라고 했을 경우 28일째에 5.54의 값을 나타내었다. 실온조건 저장의 경우 전체적인 기호도는 7.13으로 우수한 관능검사 성적을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 실험의 결과를 통해 새롭게 개발한 한국형 고추장 양념 돈육포는 미생물학적인 안전성이 우수하고, 이화학적 품질과 관능적 품질이 비교적 우수한 육포라고 판단하였다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial safety and quality changes of Korean sliced pork jerky, and to investigate these properties over 90 days and 28 days of storage at room temperature $(25^{\circ}C)$ and elevated temperature $(35^{\circ}C)$. Based on the microbial counts of pork jerky, mesophilic bacteria were detected at 2.50 log CFU/g at day 0. The mesophilic bacterial count did not change significantly for all samples, and coliform bacteria and Bacillus cereus were not detected in any samples during storage at either $25^{\circ}C\;or\;35^{\circ}C$. The following physicochemical qualities were also investigated: TBA value, Aw, and pH. In the case of $25^{\circ}C$ storage, the Aw of Korean sliced pork jerky was 0.72 at day 0, and was reduced to 0.58 after 90 days of storage. The TBA value increased as the storage time increased, and was 0.52 after 90 days of storage. The pH of all samples did not change significantly. In the case of $35^{\circ}C$ storage, the TBA, Aw, and pH values were not significantly different from those obtained during $25^{\circ}C$ storage. In addition, the sensory properties of all samples were not significantly different between storage at the two temperatures. In conclusion, these results suggest Korean sliced pork jerky could be used to study the development of commercial pork jerky.

미강 식이섬유 첨가 수준이 분쇄형 돈육 육제품의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

최윤상,최지훈,한두정,김학연,이미애,김현욱,정종연,백현동,김천제,Choi, Yun-Sang,Choi, Ji-Hun,Han, Doo-Jeong,Kim, Hack-Youn,Lee, Mi-Ai,Kim, Hyun-Wook,Jeong, Jong-Youn,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Kim, Cheon-Jei 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.3

This study evaluated the effects of adding levels of rice bran fiber on the chemical compositions, cooking characteristics and sensory properties of ground pork meat products. Meat products were produced with products containing 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% and rice bran fiber. The control had the highest protein and fat contents, cooking loss, reduction in diameter, CIE L value and CIE a value of uncooked product, and CIE L value of cooked product. The meat product containing rice bran fiber had the higher ash, pH, and CIE b value than the controls. The addition of 5% rice bran fiber resulted in the lowest cooking loss and L value of cooked meat products. Meat product with 2% rice bran had the highest water content, water holding capacity, hardness, color, tenderness, juiciness values. There was a significant difference among the ground meat products with respect to sensory properties, and meat products containing 1% and 2% rice bran had higher overall acceptability than the other meat products.

Effects of Ethanol Extract of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD on the Physicochemical Properties of Cooked Ground Pork during Storage

김학연,정종연,최지훈,최윤상,한두정,이미애,이장현,백현동,김천제,Kim, Hack-Youn,Jeong, Jong-Youn,Choi, Ji-Hun,Choi, Yun-Sang,Han, Doo-Jeong,Lee, Mi-Ai,Lee, Jang-Hyun,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Kim, Cheon-Jei Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.3

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 0.6% vitamin C (VC), 5% ethanol extract of B. polyfermenticus SCD (EB), and a mixture of 0.3% vitamin C and 2.5% B. polyfermenticus SCD ethanol extract (CB) on the physicochemical properties of cooked ground pork during storage. The changes in pH of VC, EB, and CB were smaller than was observed with the control (CON, no added antioxidant). VC, EB, and CB exhibited significantly lower TBARS values than CON during storage (p<0.05). Longer storage periods resulted in higher TBARS values (p<0.05). VBN values for VC, EB, and CB were significantly lower than CON (p<0.05). The L values of CON and VC were higher than EB and CB (p<0.05). The a value of VC was significantly lower than CON, EB, and CB during storage (p<0.05). The b values of all samples significantly increased during storage (p<0.05). The addition of vitamin C and B. polyfermenticus SCD to cooked ground pork did not significantly affect sensory evaluations during the storage period (p>0.05). Further studies are needed to develop other meat products containing B. polyfermenticus SCD with acceptable physicochemical properties.

밀 식이섬유와 분리대두단백의 첨가가 프랑크푸르터의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

김현욱,최지훈,최윤상,한두정,김학연,이미애,심소연,김천제,Kim, Hyun-Wook,Choi, Ji-Hun,Choi, Yun-Sang,Han, Doo-Jeong,Kim, Hack-Youn,Lee, Mi-Ai,Shim, So-Yeon,Kim, Cheon-Jei 한국축산식품학회 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.4

The effects of wheat fiber (WF) and isolated soy protein (ISP) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of frankfurter-type sausages were evaluated. The frankfurters were formulated with 2% WF (T1), 2% ISP (T2), and 1% WF plus 1% ISP (T3). The pH of all the samples ranged from 5.90 to 5.94 (p>0.05), and the CIE $L^{\ast}$ values of the WF and ISP treatments were higher than those of the control, but the CIEs of $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$ were lower than those of the control (p<0.05). The cooking losses with the treatments were lower than the cooking loss with the control, but there were no significant differences among all the treatments. The treated frankfurters showed better emulsion stability than the control, and T1 had the greatest hardness, cohesiveness, and viscosity (p<0.05). All the frankfurters scored the same for sensory color (p>0.05), and the sensory properties of flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability of T1 resulted in satisfactory sensory scores. The best results were conclusively obtained with the frankfurters that contained 2% WF. This study showed the potential of WF to be used in frankfurters as a substitute for ISP.

Wheat Fiber 첨가가 Meat Batter의 품질에 미치는 영향

최윤상,이미애,정종연,최지훈,한두정,김학연,이의수,김천제,Choi, Yun-Sang,Lee, Mi-Ai,Jeong, Jong-Youn,Choi, Ji-Hun,Han, Doo-Jeong,Kim, Hack-Youn,Lee, Eui-Soo,Kim, Cheon-Jei 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구는 비육 단백질인 ISP와 CSP의 대체제로서 식이섬유인 wheat fiber를 첨가함으로써 돈육 유화물의 품질에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하고자 하였다. 돈육 유화물의 대조구와 모든 처리구에서 pH는 차이가 없었으며 (p>0.05), 보수력과 육색의 L-값은 대조구보다 처리구들이 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 가열감량, a-값과 b-간은 처리구들이 대조구보다 낮게 나타났지만, 처리구들간에는 차이가 없었다. 유화안정성에서 수분리는 ISP처리구가 유의적으로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 유분리의 경우는 비육 단백질을 첨가한 처리구에서 낯은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 점도는 대조구와 비교하여 처리구들이 높았지만(p<0.05), 처리구들 사이에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 물성은 대조구와 비교하여 경도, 검성, 씹음성의 경우 모든 처리구에서 높게 나타났으나, WF-200 처리구와 대조구는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 종합하여 볼 때, ISP와 CSP의 대체제로 wheat fiber가 새로운 기능성 소재로 타당할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wheat fiber as a replacement for isolated soy protein (ISP) or concentrated soy protein (CSP) on the quality characteristics of meat batter. Meat batter formulations were prepared with 2% levels of ISP, CSP, or wheat fiber. The pH values of each formulation were not significantly different (p>0.05). The L-values of meat batter containing wheat fiber, ISP, or CSP were higher than the control, however the a- and b-values were lower than the control (p<0.05). Relative to the control meat batter, the water holding capacity, viscosity, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of meat batter containing ISP, CSP, or wheat fiber was significantly higher than the control (p<0.05). All supplemented meat batters had significantly lower cooking loss and emulsification stability than the control (p<0.05), with no significant difference among the supplemented meat batters. The results of this study show that the use of wheat fiber as an ISP or CSP replacer does not affect the overall quality of meat batter.

미강 추출 식이섬유 혼합물을 첨가한 돈육 유화물의 품질특성

최윤상,정종연,최지훈,한두정,김학연,이미애,심소연,백현동,김천제,Choi, Yun-Sang,Jeong, Jong-Youn,Choi, Ji-Hun,Han, Doo-Jeong,Kim, Hack-Youn,Lee, Mi-Ai,Shim, So-Yeon,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Kim, Cheon-Jei 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 미강 추출 식이섬유 혼합물을 첨가하였을 경우 돈육 유화물의 이화학적 품질 특성을 조사하여 미강을 이용한 기능성 육제품의 활용성에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 돈육 유화물의 일반성분은 첨가되는 미강 추출 식이섬유 함량이 높을수록 수분함량이 낮아지고 단백질, 지방, 회분함량은 증가하였으며, 식이섬유 첨가량이 적정 수준 이상 되면 수분함량이 낮아지고, 단백질과 회분함량이 높아졌다. pH는 가열 전과 가열 후 모두 처리구들이 대조구와 비교하여 높은 pH를 나타내었고, 가열 후 pH가 가열 전 pH보다 높게 나타났다. 색도는 가열 전 돈육 유화물의 명도와 적색도는 대조구와 비교하여 미강 추출 식이섬유를 첨가한 처리구들이 유의적으로 낮았으며, 황색도는 대조구가 처리구들보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 가열 후 돈육 유화물의 명도는 대조구가 미강 추출 식이섬유를 첨가한 처리구들과 비교하여 높은 값을 나타내었고, 황색도는 대조구가 처리구들보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 가열감량과 유화안정성도 수분리와 유분리 모두 대조구와 비교하여 모든 처리구에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, 점도도 미강 추출 식이섬유 6% 첨가구가 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 경도, 응집성, 검성, 씹음성은 대조구와 비교하여 미강 추출 식이섬유 첨가구가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 따라서, 미강 추출 식이섬유 혼합물을 첨가하였을 때 이화학적 품질 특성이 우수한 결과를 보여, 최근 건강에 대한 높은 관심을 반영한 웰빙 식품에 활용한다면 현대인들이 선호할 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate quality characteristics of the meat batter containing dietary fiber extracted rice bran. The formulations of meat batters were manufactured in a model system with 2% raw rice bran and 2, 4, 6% levels of dietary fiber extracted rice bran, respectively. The proximate compositions of dietary fiber extracted rice bran were 53.27% dietary fiber, 6.10% crude fat, 22.99% crude protein, 12.78% crude moisture, and 7.41% crude ash. Compared with control of uncooked meat batter, the pH value of all treatments were significantly different(p<0.05). The pH of cooked meat batter were similar to uncooked meat batter. $CIE\;L^*-\;and\;CIE\;b^*-value$ of uncooked meat batter containing dietary fiber extracted rice bran were lower than control, but CIE $a^*-value$ of treatment was higher than those in control(p<0.05). All treatments had significantly lower cooking loss and emulsion stability than control(p<0.05). Compared with control, viscosity of the treatments containing dietary fiber extracted rice bran were observed significantly higher than those in control (p<0.05). And then hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of treatments were higher than in control(p<0.05). Conclusively, the results of this study showed that addition of dietary fiber extracted rice bran affected the high quality properties of meat batter.