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한규만 ( Kyuman Han ) 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.2
It is often said that folk ballads belong to the literature of the Middle Ages. Although the ballads show frequently the medieval characteristics of setting, characters and literary atmosphere, they actually assert the modern traits of message and theme. This study aims to explore the folk’s views of love, sex and marriage in love ballads and the social significance through the close examinations of the story, message and theme. The preparatory step is to analyse the medieval tradition of love, sex and marriage. And love of ballads is classified into four types of betrayed love, romantic love, transcending love and passionate love according to the intensity of human bond between two lovers. Research findings are: 1) Every love ballad has a tragic ending. It has a social meaning: the folk, as the weaker part of society, recognize well that their assertions of new types of love shall be completely defeated by the maintaining group of the status quo. 2) The more intense the bond of love is, the more tragic ending the ballad has: betrayed love ballads end in woe and death, romantic love songs end in death and suicide, transcendental love poems end in slaying and burning, and adulterous love narratives end in massacre and butchery. 3) Love ballads show a main conflict between the Christian church tradition of arranged marriage and the pagan tradition of love marriage. The folk asserts in love ballads that spiritual love be united to physical sex. 4) Transcendental love, in contemporary social context, means that the folk prefer pure love to material wealth, free choice of the spouse to families’ honor and cosmopolitan marriage to nationalistic marriage. 5) Love ballad, as a genre of folk literature, is ideologically contrasted with art literature. While the latter is based on the medieval chivalrous tradition of patriarchal collectivism, male-dominant society, and the segregation of love and marriage, the former insists on the modem tradition of individualism, society of freedom and equality, the union of love, sex and marriage.