우리나라 장수자의 생활 및 의식조사에 관한 연구

최진호,김수현,이병호,최선남,우순임,변대석,김정한,임채환,양종순,편재형 한국식생활문화학회 1986 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.1 No.3

우리나라 長壽者의 生活 및 意識調査 硏究의 一環으로, 우리나라 長壽者의 過去의 社會生活과 日常生活習慣에 대해서 分析·比較한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 長壽者의 40∼60세경의 起床 및 就寢時間이 『대체로 일정했다』고 대답한 사람이 전체의 81.8% 및 63.1%였으며, 장수자의 59.4%가 6시전에 기상했으며, 또 61.3%가 오후 9시∼11시 사이에 취침하고 있었다. 그러나 男女別 差異는 발견할 수 없었다. 2. 長壽者의 最長職業중에서 農業, 漁業, 家事從事 등 自營業이 전체의 86.3%로 가장 많았으나, 經營管理職(0.8%), 小企業經營(0.8%), 公務員 및 會社員(1.8%) 등은 아주 적었다. 따라서 長壽者의 勞動程度도 肉體的 勞動이 95.7%로 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며 반면 精神的 勞動은 2.8%에 지나지 않았다. 이러한 사실은 이들 長壽者의 敎育程度와 밀접한 關係가 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 3. 長壽者가 職場이나 家事에서 은퇴한 年齡은 전체의 58.3%가 70세 이상이었으며, 그들 중의 24.3%는 80세 이상에서 은퇴한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 長壽者의 57.2%가 職場이나 家事에서 은퇴한 후 가정에서 어떤 役割을 분담하고 있었던 반면, 그들 중의 35.9%는 아무 일도 하지 않고 있었다. 또 가정에서 役割을 분담하지 않은 경우 消日하는 방법은 『집에 그냥 있었다』(50%)가 가장 많고, 그 다음은 『老人亭에 갔다』(30.9%) 『침대에 누워 있었다』(10.3%), 『養老院에 갔다』(8.8%)의 순이었다. 5. 長壽者가 職場이나 家事에서 은퇴하기 전의 交際狀態를 비교하여 보면 交際가 『빈번했다』가 38.5%, 『보통이다』가 38.0%, 『거의 없었다』가 19.0%로 나타났으며, 또 職場이나 家事에서 은퇴한 후에도 계속 交際狀態를 유지한 경우도 56.5%나 차지하고 있었다. 6. 長壽者가 職場이나 家事에서 은퇴한 후 趣味나 娛樂生活을 한 사람은 38.5%로 낮은 반면 趣味나 娛樂을 갖고 있지 않은 사람은 53.0%나 되었다. 이들 長壽者의 은퇴 후 趣味 및 娛樂活動의 內容을 보면 TV 視聽(79.2%), 孫子와의 對話(54.2%), 집안에서 잔손질(35.4%), 信仰生活(25.0%)의 순이다. This study was designed to be link in the chain of the investigation on daily life and consciousness of longevous people in Korea, and to investigate the social life and daily life habit in the past of longevous people. The social life and daily life habit were surveyed on 379 subjects (male 121, female 258) of the aged who were above 80 years of age, from June to November in 1985. 1. "Generally regular" in the rising time and bedtime between 40 and 60 years of longevous people had the highest figures of 81.8% and 63.1%, respectively. The longevous peoples of 59.4% got up by before 6 a.m., and 61.3% of these aged went to bed from 9 to 11 p.m. But there was no significant between male and female. 2. Of the occupation engaged in the longest term of longevous people, the self-management(86.3%) included farming, fishing and household affairs was the highest, whereas administrative position, small-scale management and white-collar worker were only 0.8%, 0.8% and 1.8%, respectively. Therefore, their work involved mainly physical labor (heavy 48.5%, light 47.2%), and mental work was only 2.8% of longevous people. It is believed that this fact was deeply related to the educational degree of them. 3. The longevous people of 58.3% retired from the occupation and household affairs above 70 years of age, and especially 24.3% of them is including the aged above 80 years of age. 4. The longevous people of 57.2% were shared the role in the home after retirement from the occupation and household affairs, whereas 35.9% of them didn't share. Of the way in killing time in case having no role in the home, "at home"(50.0%) was the highest, and decreased in the order of "old people's home" (30.9%), "ill in bed" (10.3%) and "asylum for the aged" (8.8%). 5. The acquaintance frequency before retirement from the occupation and household affairs of longevous people showed in the order of "wide" (38.5%), "common" (38.0%) and "narrow" (19.0%), and 56.5% of them had the acquaintance after retirement. 6. Only the longevous people of 38.5% had the hobby and recreation activities of "more than once" after retirement from the occupation and household affairs, but 53.0% of them was none. Of the kinds of hobby and/or recreation, "TV-watching" (79.2%) was the highest, and decreased in the order of "talking with grandchild" (54.2 %), "working at home" (35.4%), "religion" (25.0%) and "chess etc." (18.1%).

우리나라 장수자의 생활 및 의식주조사에 관한 연구

최진호,김수현,이병호,최선남,우순임,변대석,김정한,임채환,양종순,편재형 한국식생활문화학회 1986 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.1 No.2

우리나라 長壽者의 生活 및 意識調査硏究의 一環으로, 우리나라 長壽地域의 特性을 調査·比較한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 80세 이상 長壽者數는 171,449名으로 全人口對比 0.46%였으며 이 중 남자가 42,842名(0.23%)이고 여자는 128,607名(0.69%)이었다. 2. 市(道)別 長壽率을 보면 제주가 1.03%로서 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 전남(0.79%), 전북(0.66%), 경북(0.65%), 경남(0.61%)의 순으로 감소하였고, 인천(0.22%), 서울과 부산(0.23%), 대구(0.28%)등 대도시는 농어촌보다 長壽率이 현저히 낮았다. 3. 長壽率이 1.0% 이상인 長壽地域은 全國에서 17個郡으로, 전남이 10個 地域으로 가장 많았으며, 그 밖에는 경북과 경남이 2個 地域, 전북, 경기 및 제주가 1個 地域씩이었다. 4. 全國 長壽地域중에서 長壽率 북제주가 1.65%로서 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 남해(1.56%), 승주(1.24%), 보성(1.22%), 곡성(1.20%)의 순으로 감소하였다. 最長壽地域인 북제주의 男·女別 長壽率 각각 0.71%, 2.51%였다. 5. 우리나라 長壽者의 性別 構成比를 보면 女/男比가 3.0이었다. 따라서 여자가 남자보다 3倍 정도 長壽率이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 6. 長壽地域을 分類하여 보면 海岸·農漁村地方이 7개 지역, 島嶼地方이 3개 지역, 山間僻地農村地方이 7개 지역으로 나눌 수 있었다. 따라서 長壽地域은 脫都市化 現象이 두드러진 곳이다. 7. 우리나라 長壽地域의 氣象現況은 年平均 氣溫이 11.2∼14.8℃, 年平均 降雨量이 878.5∼1585.9㎜의 범위내에 있었으며 대부분 北緯 38度 以南에 위치하고 있었다. 8. 우리나라 長壽者의 敎育程度는 無學이 전체의 71.5%로 가장 많았고, 그 다음이 書堂(15.8%)이었으며, 보통학교 졸업 이상이 4.8%에 불과했다. 그러나 남자의 경우는 50.4%가 어떤 形態든 敎育을 받았다는 사실은 흥미있는 일이다. 9. 長壽者의 日常生活機能에 의한 健康常態를 비교하여 본 結果, 지금도 상당히 활발히 活動하거나 勞動을 하고 있는 사람이 53.0%로 가장 많고, 그 다음이 집안에서 가벼운 일을 할 수 있는 사람이 23.5%로서, 비교적 활동적인 장수자가 전제의 76.5%나 되고 있으므로 장수자의 현재의 건강상태는 매우 만족스러움을 알수 있었다. This study was designed to be a link in the chain of the investigation on daily life and consciousness of longevous people in Korea, and to investigate the regional feature of longevity areas. The daily life and cons sciousness were investigated on 379 subjects(male 121, female 258) of the aged who were above 80 years of age, from June to November in 1985. This paper is to report the results investigated the longevity rate, distribution, classification and weather of longevity districts, and also the actual conditions such as the functions of daily life and educational degree of longevous people. 1. The number of longevous people in Korea was 171,449 (male 42,842, female 128,607), and the average longevity rate was 0.46% against total population in Korea(male 0.23%, female 0.69%). 2. Of the longevity rates of shi and/or do in Korea, Cheju(1.03%) was the highest among these districts, and decreased in the order of Chonnam(0.79%), Chonbuk(0.66%), Kyongbuk(0.65%) and Kyongnam(0.61%), whereas the large cities such as Inchon(0.22%), Seoul(0.23%), Pusan(0.23%) and Taegu(0.28%) were remarkably lower than districts in seasides and mountains. 3. The districts above 1.0% of longevity rate in Korea showed 17-guns, and the distribution of these districts was 10-guns of Chonnam, 2-guns of Kyongbuk and Kyongnam, and 1-gun of Kyonggi, Chonbuk and Cheju, respectively. 4. Of these districts, Pukcheju(1.65%) was the highest, and decreased in the order of Namhae(1.56%), Sungju(1.24%), Posong(1.22%) and Koksong(1.20%). The highest figure(male 0.71%, female 2.51%) was observed in Pukcheju as contrasted with 0.23%(male) and 0.69%(female) of the average longevity rate in Korea. 5. The sex ratio of longevous people in Korea showed the female/male ratio of 3.0. It is, therefore, believed that the longevity rate of female was 3 times higher than that of male. 6. The longevity districts were classified into seven districts in seasides, three districts in isolated islands, and seven rural districts in mountains. 7. The situation of weather in longevity districts was in the range of 11.2 to 14.8℃ at annual average temperature, and 878.5 to 1585.9 ㎜ at annual average rainfall. 8. Of the educational degree of longevous people, uneducated(71.5%) was the highest, and followed by the order of village school(15.8%) and above elementary school(4.8%). 9. In the functions of daily life, the aged moving actively(53.0%) was the highest among these longevous people, followed by the aged moving a little(23.5%). Therefore, it is believed that health degree of these longevous peoples by the functions of daily life was very gratifying.