구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa Kjellman)의 생태생리에 대한 생육기질의 효과

최태섭,김광용,Choi, Tae-Seob,Kim, Kwang-Young 한국조류학회(藻類) 2005 ALGAE Vol.20 No.4

Seashore joining with land and sea, which is typical habitat for marine macroalgae, is classified two types of shore as soft- and hard-bottom shore according to topographical (geological) and ecological features. We compared two of Ulva pertusa Kjellman from two contrasting habitats, sandy (soft-bottom, Haenam) and rocky shore (hard-bottom, Hadong) in terms of chlorophyll-a fluorescence and its parameters, and various photosynthetic pigment and nutrient content in the tissue of those. Both of habitats were different in the light environment such as light attenuation coefficient and even in nutrient concentration of ambient seawater. Electron transport rate (ETR) of Ulva from sandy shore was higher than from rocky shore. The range of photosynthetic pigment content in the tissue of U. pertusa was significantly much more in from sandy shore, and also nitrogen and phosphorus content were significantly higher except for carbon content. However, there were no significant differences in the ratio of among photosynthetic pigments, and N:P ratio was similar between each other, even though significantly different. Our result implied on the reason of why most of green tides in the worldwide concentrated and frequently occurred at sites with sandy, muddy and silty bottoms, being classified as soft-bottom shore.

잘피의 광합성에 대한 중금속 및 TBT의 독성 영향과 중금속 흡수에 대한 연구

최태섭,김광용,이병권,이정석,Choi, Tae-Seob,Kim, Kwang-Young,Lee, Byeong-Gweon,Lee, Jung-Suk 한국조류학회(藻類) 2005 ALGAE Vol.20 No.2

Uptake kinetics of Cd and Zn by leaves and rhizome of the seagrass Zostera marina were examined in controlled laboratory radiotracer experiments. Subsequently, acute toxicity of Cd, Cu and TBT on photosynthetic quantum yield (ΔF/Fm’ of Z. marina were determined, and the differential sensitivities of rapid light curve (RLC) to those harmful substances were also compared. All measurements on photosynthetic activity were determined by chlorophyll a fluorescence method using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Metal uptake by Z. marina was saturated with increasing exposure time in leaves and rhizomes. Uptake of Zn by Z. marina was faster than that of Cd. Metal uptake rates in Z. marina decreased with the increase of dissolved metal concentrations and also with the increase of biomass. The adverse effect of TBT on effective quantum yield was stronger than other pollutants. Average acute toxicity on the RLC of the seagrass exposed to TBT and two heavy metals (Cd and Cu) was going to decrease as follows: TBT > Cd > Cu. Our preliminary results in this study suggested that Z. marina potentially can be used as a biomonitor of harmful substances contamination in coastal waters.

겨울철 암반 조간대에서 갈파래 ( Ulva species ) 매트의 생물량

최태섭(Tae Seob Choi),최종관(Jong Kwan Choi),박승민(Seung Min Park),김정하(Jeong Ha Kim),김광용(Kwang Young Kim) 한국환경생물학회 2001 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.19 No.1

N/A The biomass of Ulva mats was surveyed in a lower rocky shore of the southern coast of Korea during the 1998∼1999 winter. The population selected for the present study was located on the tidal zone ranging from 118㎝ to 136㎝ below mean sea level(MSL), where abundance of Ulva species was highest. The biomass of Ulva species increased gradually from December 1998 until February 1999, reaching the maximum of 374g dry wt·m^-2 in February. The biomass varied little among the sampling quadrats for each sampling time. Over the course of the study a total of 16 taxa were sampled from Ulva mats, of which 5 were macrophytes and 11 were macroinvertebrates. Rodophyta comprised 3 taxa, followed by Phaeophyta of 2 taxa, but there was no Chlorophyta except for Ulva species. The macrofaunal assemblage was consisted of 8 taxa of Mollusca, 2 Arthropoda and 1 Annelida. There was a dramatic increase in Maytilus sp. in February. Moreover, the trend of biomass were similar between some macroinvertebrates and Ulva species. The results suggested that macroinvertebrates may play an improtant role in nutrient dynamics as well as food web. Further experimental evidence may be necessary to explain the correlation between Ulva mats and abundance of coexisting macroinvertebrates.

이산화탄소로 산성화된 해수에 노출된 돌돔(Oplegnathus fasciatus) 혈구세포에 대한 유전독성(DNA 손상)

최태섭 ( Tae Seob Choi ),이지혜 ( Ji Hye Lee ),성찬경 ( Chan Gyoung Sung ),이정석 ( Jung Suk Lee ),박영규 ( Young Gyu Park ),강성길 ( Seong Gil Kang ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

DNA damage such as genotoxicity was identified with comet assay, which blood cell of a marine parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was exposed to an acidified seawater, lowered pH gradient making of CO2 gas. The gradient of pH were 8.22, 8.03, 7.81, 7.55 with control as HBSS solution with pH 7.4. DNA tail moment of fish blood cell was 0.548 ± 0.071 exposed seawater of pH 8.22 condition, on the other hand, DNA tail moment 1.601 ± 0.197 exposed acidified seawater of pH 7.55 lowest condition. The approximate difference with level of DNA damage was 2.9 times between highest and lowest of pH. DNA damage with decreasing pH was significantly increased with DNA tail moment on blood cell of marine fish (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Ocean acidification, especially inducing the leakage of sequestered CO2 in geological structure is a consequence from the burning of fossil fuels, and long term effects on marine habitats and organisms are not fully investigated. The physiological effects on adult fish species are even less known. This result shown that the potential of dissolved CO2 in seawater was revealed to induce the toxic effect on genotoxicity such as DNA breakage.

이산화탄소 해양 지중저장사업의 환경위해성평가관리 방안

최태섭(Tae Seob Choi),이정석(Jung-Suk Lee),이규태(Kyu-Tae Lee),박영규(Young-Gyu Park),황진환(Jin-Hwan Hwang),강성길(Seong-Gil Kang) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2009 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.12 No.4

돌돔(Oplegnathus fasciatus) 혈구세포의 DNA 손상을 활용한 생태위해성평가

최태섭(Tae Seob Choi),성찬경(Chan-Gyoung Sung),이지혜(Ji-Hye Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2013 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2013 No.10

내부공생 켈프 배우체의 숙주 선택

김광용,최태섭,이영호,Kim, Gwang-Yong,Choe, Tae-Seob,Lee, Yeong-Ho 한국조류학회(藻類) 2004 ALGAE Vol.19 No.1

Farmed kelp gametophytes were previously observed to be living endophytically in filamentous red algae. The interactions of two farmed kelp species and six red algae were examined in laboratory culture. Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar and Laminaria religiosa Miyabe demonstrated the differing abilities of zoospores to become endophytic in four host red algae and neither kelp became endophytic in two non-filamentous red algae. There was a strong seasonal component regarding infectiousness that is associated with the changes in fron erosion in U. pinnatifida from April to June. At the same time, L. religiosa showed no significant changes in frond erosion, and there were no apparent changes in infection levels in the two species they were able infect. This study indicated clear differences between two keip species with regard to their symbiotic relationship to red algae in terms of host specificity and preference of kelp gametophytes.

일부 중금속과 제초제에 대한 저서규조류 Nitzschia sp.의 광합성 반응

강은주,최태섭,김광용,Kang, Eun-Ju,Choi, Tae-Seob,Kim, Kwang-Young 한국조류학회(藻類) 2007 ALGAE Vol.22 No.4

This study was conducted with using chlorophyll a fluorescence (indicated as photosynthetic activity) to examine the toxic effect of 96 h exposure of heavy metals and herbicides on the benthic diatom Nitzschia sp. which was isolated from pristine sediment in Pamquat Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada. Samples of benthic diatom were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg L?1 of copper, 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg L?1 of chrome (VI), 0, 2.45, 24.5 and 245 mg L?1 of paraquat dichloride, and 0, 4.37, 43.7 and 437 mg L?1 of alachlor during 96 hours. The effective quantum yield of photochemistry (ΔF/Fm’) was evaluated by subjecting light acclimated samples to saturating pulses of light using a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer. The impact of heavy metals on Nitzschia sp. photosynthesis was not severe in < 1 mg L?1 but in the high concentrations (> 1 mg L?1) clearly increased toxic stress during 96 h. Herbicides had a limited impact during the exposure period but clearly increased stress on the benthic diatom with increasing concentrations. Acute response of Nitzschia sp. to selected heavy metals and herbicides was characterized, and the capacity of a benthic diatom to tolerate and recover from toxic stress was assessed.

동해 남부 해역 퇴적물과 저층 해수 세균 군집 조성의 계절적 변화 연구

최동한,김병모,최태섭,이정석,노재훈,박영규,강성길,Choi, Dong Han,Gim, Byeong-Mo,Choi, Tae Seob,Lee, Jung-Suk,Noh, Jae Hoon,Park, Young-Gyu,Kang, Seong-Gil 한국해양학회 2014 바다 Vol.19 No.2

해양 환경에서 세균은 다양한 생지화학적 순환에 있어서 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있으며, 그들의 다양성에 대한 정보는 생태계에서 세균의 생지화학적 기능을 이해하는데 중요하다. 본 연구는 $CO_2$ 해양지중저장의 후보지인 동해 남부해역의 표층 퇴적물과 퇴적물 위의 저층 해수에서 최신 연구 기법인 pyrosequencing을 통하여 세균의 계절적 다양성을 분석함으로써, 동해 퇴적물 세균상의 특성을 이해하고자 하였다. 퇴적물에서는 대부분의 시기에 Gammaproteobacteria가 우점한 반면, 저층 해수에서는 Alphaproteobacteria가 우점하여 두 서식처에서 세균의 다양성은 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한 속 수준의 다양성 분석에서도 저층 해수에서는 대부분의 시기에 SAR11 그룹에 속하는 Pelagibacter가 가장 우점한 반면, 퇴적물 시료에서는 Gammaproteobacteria에 속하는 미동정 속이 가장 우점하였다. 그러나 두 서식처 모두에서 5% 이상의 점유율을 보인 속의 수는 10 속 미만으로 소수였으며, 낮은 점유율을 갖는 많은 종류의 세균들이 군집 내에 공존하는 공통적인 특성이 나타났다. 본 연구의 세균 다양성 연구는 동해 저층 해수 및 퇴적물의 세균 다양성에 대한 특성의 이해와 더불어 $CO_2$ 해양지중저장 사업의 진행에 따른 세균의 다양성 및 기능 변화에 대한 사전 자료 및 해역이용영향평가 배경 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Bacteria play an important role in biogeochemical cycles in marine environments and their functional attributes in ecosystems depend primarily on species composition. In this study, seasonal variation of bacterial diversity was investigated by pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA in surface sediment and overlying seawater collected in the south East Sea, planned for the site of $CO_2$ sequestration by the carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. Gammaproteobacteria was dominant in the sediment in most seasons, whereas Alphaproteobacteria was a most dominant group in the overlying water. Thus, the bacterial diversity greatly differ between sediment and seawater samples. On the genus level, bacterial diversity between two habitats was also different. However, the number of genera found over 5% were less than 10 in both habitats and the bacterial community was composed of a number of diverse minor or rare genera. Elevation of $CO_2$ concentration during a $CO_2$ storage process, could result in change of bacterial diversity. Thus, this study will be very useful to access the effect of $CO_2$ on bacterial diversity and to predict functional change of the ecosystem during the process of CCS project.

이산화탄소 농도 증가에 따른 발광미생물의 상대발광량과 밀도변화에 대한 연구

성찬경,문성대,김혜진,최태섭,이규태,이정석,강성길,Sung, Chan-Gyoung,Moom, Seong-Dae,Kim, Hye-Jin,Choi, Tae-Seob,Lee, Kyu-Tae,Lee, Jung-Suk,Kang, Seong-Gil 한국해양학회 2010 바다 Vol.15 No.1

해수의 용존 이산화탄소 증가가 해양미생물인 Vibrio fischeri의 발광량 및 세포밀도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 380(대조구), 1,000, 3,000, 10,000 그리고 30,000 ppm 농도구배에 24시간 동안 노출하고, 매 6시간마다 발광미생물의 발광량과 세포밀도 변화를 측정하였다. 5개 농도구배에 노출된 발광미생물의 발광량은 12시간째에 3,000 ppm 이상의 농도구배에서 대조구와 비교하여 발광량이 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 하지만 24시간째에는 30,000 ppm 농도 조건에서만 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10,000 ppm 이하 농도 조건에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 발광미생물의 세포밀도는 분광광도계를 이용하여 흡광도를 측정하였고, 각 농도별 시간에 따른 영향은 발광량 변화와 유사하였다. 용존 이산화탄소 농도 변화와 발광미생물의 발광량 및 세포밀도 사이에는 유의한 농도-반응 관계가 있으며, 다만 상대적으로 짧은 시간에 발생하는 저해영향으로 배양이 지속됨에 따라 뚜렷하게 회복하는 특성을 보여 증가된 농도의 이산화탄소 영향이 항상 일정하지 않음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 해양미생울 개체군 성장에 미치는 이산화탄소의 영향을 평가한 것으로 향후 해수의 용존 이산화탄소 농도 증가가 미치는 다양한 해양생물에 대한 영향 및 위해성 예측과 평가에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 또한 해양미생물에 대한 생태영향평가 결과는 이산화탄소 저감을 위해 추진되고 있는 해양 지중저장사업의 환경위해성평가에도 활용될 수 있을 것이다. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the biologically adverse effect of increased carbon dioxide in seawater on marine bacteria, Vibrio fischeri. We measured the bioluminescence and cell density at every 6 hours for 24 hours of the whole incubation period after exposing test microbes to a range of $CO_2$ concentration such as 380(Control), 1,000, 3,000, 10,000 and 30,000 ppm, respectively. Significant effect on relative luminescence(RLU) of V. fischeri was observed in treatments with $CO_2$ concentration higher than 3,000 ppm at t=12 h. However, the difference of RLU among treatments significantly decreased with the incubation time until t=24 h. Similar trend was observed for the variation of cell density, which was measured as optical density using spectrophotometer. The results showed that a significant relationship between $CO_2$ concentration and bioluminescence of test microbes was observed for the mean time. However, the inhibition of relative bioluminescence and also cell density could be recovered at the concentration levels higher than 3,000 ppm. The dissolved $CO_2$ can be absorbed directly by cell and it can decrease the intracellular pH. Our results implied that microbes might be adversely affected at the initial growing phase by increased $CO_2$. However, they could adapt by increasing ion transport including bicarbonate and then could make their pH back to normal level. Results of this study could be supported to understand the possible influence on marine bacteria by atmospheric increase of $CO_2$ in near future and also by released $CO_2$ during the marine $CO_2$ sequestration activity.