1911~1913년 경성지역 천주교 사범교육 성격 연구 -숭신학교의 교과과정 운영을 중심으로-

최우철 ( Choi Woochul ) 한국교육사학회 2021 한국교육사학 Vol.43 No.1

베네딕도회 선교사들은 천주교인 교사 양성을 계획한 뮈텔의 요청에 따라 1909년 내한하여 1911년 경성 관내에 ‘사범교육기관’인 숭신학교를 개교하였다. 숭신학교는 천주교계 학교이면서도 경성 관내에서 ‘사립’사범교육을 수행했던 기관이었으므로, 식민지기 초기 천주교 선교사들에 의해 실행된 사립사범교육의 일면을 보여주는 학교라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 글은 당대 교육사의 맥락 안에서 베네딕토회 선교사들의 교육의 성격에 집중해 보고자 시도하였다. 우선, 천주교의 사범교육 운영의 계기는 통감부의 교육제도 개편과 개신교 교세성장에서 비롯된 위기의식이었다. 따라서 숭신학교의 구상 및 준비 등은 관제과정의 합법성을 득하기 위한 노력이기도 했다. 교과과정은 관제 교과과정에 밀착한 측면이 있었다. 교과내용에 있어서는 『물리학』과 『화학』 등이 독일어 서적을 저본으로 하여 작성되는 등 독일식 요소도 발견되지만, 기타 교과과정, 연한 등 상당 부분은 기존의 관립사범학교과정과 유사한 형태로 운영되었다. 그러나 관제 사범교육 운영을 염두에 둔 숭신학교는 언어 문제, 인력 부족, 양성의 실효성 문제 그리고 제도적 모호함으로 인하여 끝내 관립 사범과정으로 전환되지 못하였다. This thesis concerns teacher education by the Korean Catholic Church in the early period of the occupation by the Japanese Imperialistic Government. The Catholic Missionary initiated the Sung-Shin school in 1911 and terminated it in 1913. The school was the first attempt of teacher education of the Catholic Church in the period of occupation. Previous studies explained the process of the school and teacher training in the context of the history of the Catholic Church in Korea. Several kinds of research tried to define the historical significance of the school in the context of modernity. This thesis tried to define the character of the teacher training in the context of the history of education. The characteristic of the teacher training by Catholic Missionary is about to obtain legality of the teacher training by the Japanese imperialistic government. The missionary imitated the course of the normal education of Japanese Imperialists in the period of the Japanese Resident-General of Korea. It shows that the missionary had attempted to obtain the legality of teacher education. However, the missionary could not fulfill the condition for obtaining the lawfulness of the teacher training.

CPTED 평가지표를 반영한 다세대·다가구 밀집지역의 범죄예방디자인 연구

최우철 ( Woochul Choi ),나준엽 ( Joonyeop Na ) 한국공간디자인학회 2017 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.12 No.5

(Background and Purpose) Violent crimes such as murder, robbery, sex crimes, arson, and assault have been on the rise of late. In particular, “indiscriminate crimes” directed at the general public rather than specific individuals have been occurring continuously, resulting in increased public attention to crime prevention in urban environments. Accordingly, the national and local governments are actively introducing “crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)” together with strengthened systems for crime prevention. As the aforementioned institutional approach, however, is limited to newly planned or developed new towns or new complexes, it is difficult to apply crime prevention environmental design to areas where local residents are currently residing, especially densely populated areas with multi-family housing units, which are vulnerable to crimes. (Method) Therefore, in this study, CPTED evaluation indicators were established for densely populated areas with multi-family housing units inhabited by residents, based on previous studies, and how these indicators were reflected in the area of Haengwoon-dong, Gwanak-gu, which is an example of crime prevention design application in Seoul City, was analyzed. (Results) The analysis of the buildings showed that, first, they must be addressed through physical removal (including partial work and resident guidance) or security lighting installation. Second, it is necessary to expand the crime prevention facilities and to apply CPTED to the building front and entrance. The analysis of the alleys showed that, first, For the locations of the CCTVs (including the emergency bells), which play the most important role in crime occurrence, a layout plan for controlling all the backroads without blind spots is required. Second, as garbage dumping areas may cause crime by creating blind spots and providing smoking places, it is necessary to install garbage collection devices, design work, and ground shadow lighting for dumping warnings. Third, a uniform design/appearance of the buildings and street facilities is required. Fourth, lighting facilities must be installed so that there would be no blind spot on the walkways. Fifth, the territoriality of the residents and resident activities must be reinforced by establishing community and landscaping facilities (including parks and flower beds) that the residents can actively use. (Conclusions) As the crime prevention design that was applied to the study area did not have a significant influence on the CPTED evaluation, a need for support reflecting the implications derived from this study was emphasized. Programs and software approaches such as local resident activity reinforcement as well as physical crime prevention facility installation and design work were proposed, and practical alternatives such as CPTED crime prevention module reinforcement and social map data construction were derived through linkage with the intelligent crime prevention research.

“무단횡단” 여론의 토픽 모델링 분석을 통한 교통사고 형사 정책 개선방안

최우철(Woochul Choi),노승국(Seungkook Roh) 경찰대학 범죄수사연구원 2024 범죄수사학연구 Vol.10 No.1

다세대·다가구 주거지역 가로의 범죄예방 디자인요소 연구

최우철 ( Woochul Choi ) 한국공간디자인학회 2018 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.13 No.3

(Background and Purpose) Violent crimes such as sex crimes and random street assaults, have been on the rise of late. So citizens who fell uneasy about crime risk have increased significantly. In particular, the streets of multiple-household areas caused fear, anxiety and unnecessary misunderstanding of crime. Although CPTED-related projects are being implemented by local governments, there is a lack of systematic approach to CPTED, and only a physical improvement work is carried out. So citizens' feelings are very low. Therefore, this study aims to establish the crime prevention design element of multiple-household residential street and lay the basis of practical improvement project. (Method) This study set the CPTED street improvement design element using crime prevention research(street, public space, etc.), CPTED theoretic consideration (composition principle, related laws, etc.), analysis case. For practical application of the demonstration project, it excludes the element of building and resident cost. As a guiding role, we derive distance improvement design elements by dividing into visual elements, architectural elements, and social elements. (Results) In this study, the crime prevention design element in multiple-household residential street were set into visual elements, architectural elements, and social elements through prior research, guidelines, laws, and cases. In addition, this study suggested the CPTED street improvement element applying to CPTED composition principle such as Natural surveillance, Territoriality, Natural access control, Legibility, Activity reinforcement and Maintenance management. As a result, in view of the CPTED demonstration project, this study was analyzed as the visual elements of physical crime prevention facilities installation(roads, landscaping, guidance, lighting), architectural elements(architecture, parking lot) for the utilization of space apart from the building and improvement of the parking space of the pilotty type, social elements(public facilities, use and disposition) to improve the reliability of local ties and neighborhoods such as safety guard houses, garbage compartment facilities, and community facilities. (Conclusions) This study has analyzed the practical crime prevention design element of the streets of multi-family housing areas considering the CPTED demonstration project. It is expected that the effect will be large and efficient if the self-inspection and improvement projects are carried out by the local governments based on the relevant design elements. In addition, it is possible to provide a security service to produce safety map based on the data acquired through the basic investigation in connection with the intelligent crime prevention research projects which are being actively researched recently as with case study in Myunmok-dong(ICT technology, including security screens and emergency phone booths). I expect that future research related to policy alternative research such as financial measures/organization system and to complex typification study considering interrelated urban spatial structure will be conducted, and efforts to prevent crime will continue.

시민인식조사를 통한 CCTV 보조시설물의 도시공간 방범효과분석 연구

최우철 ( Woochul Choi ),나준엽 ( Joonyeop Na ),신영섭 ( Youngseob Shin ) 한국공간디자인학회 2019 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.14 No.7

(Background and Purpose) Today's CCTVs are not just collecting video, but they also play a role in improving crime prevention effects in urban spaces, such as responding to real-time crimes and acting as a natural surveillance with CCTV accessories. However, these CCTV attachments are only supplementary installations to increase the security effect in addition to the purpose of collecting video information, which is the main function of CCTV. Therefore, it is often not installed depending on the budget situation of local governments. In this regard, this study analyzes citizens' perception of CCTV auxiliary facilities and expected level of crime prevention effect in urban space, and suggests future local decision support and linkage with intelligent crime prevention research. (Method) In order to analyze the effects of CCTV auxiliary facilities on urban crime prevention, this study set up Test-Bed area (Gwanyang 2-dong) in Anyang-si, where 15 CCTVs were installed, including emergency bells, LED signs, high lighting, and CPTED design. This study analyzed the degree of recognition and safety of CCTV auxiliary facilities, the expected effects of crime prevention of CCTV auxiliary facilities installed in the area, and the relative importance among CCTV auxiliary facilities through a citizen survey on the test-bed. (Results) Cognitive responses to CCTV auxiliary facilities were 33.3%. Citizens did not have much interest in the facilities as they walked through the streets. The response rate of safety sensation by CCTV auxiliary facilities was 82.5%. and the rate of crime prevention was 83.0%. In particular, 89.0% of the respondents said that CCTV auxiliary facilities should be installed more than now. As a result of evaluating the relative importance among CCTV auxiliary facilities, the highest alarm bell was 84%, which can play a decisive role in real-time crime response, and the importance of night-specific auxiliary facilities such as LED signs (71.0%) and floor shadows (70.0%) It was higher than CPTED design (63.5%), which acts as a natural surveillance. All three facilities, except for the emergency bell, were analyzed to be 20% lower than the overall safety diminishing rate. This indirectly indicates that the synergy effect is large when the CCTV auxiliary facilities are configured together. (Conclusions) This study is expected to be used as supporting data for decision making when local governments install relevant auxiliary facilities in new or existing CCTVs. In addition, it is expected to bring great synergy effect to real-time crime response and preventive crime prevention through linkage in the smart city crime prevention area that is recently being issued.

‘중형선고’ 논란에 따른 형벌포퓰리즘에 대한 실증 연구 : 비정형 빅데이터 분석방법론의 적용

최우철 ( Woochul Choi ),박서하 ( Seoha Park ),노승국 ( Seungkook Roh ) 대한범죄학회 2021 한국범죄학 Vol.15 No.1

2020년 세상에 드러났던 n번방 사건은 범행의 잔혹성으로 국민의 공분을 샀다. 하지만 n번방 사건 관련 인터넷 기사의 댓글에서 누리꾼들이 범죄에 대한 분노나 피해자에 대해 안타까움을 나타내는 경우도 많았지만, 시작되지도 않은 범죄자들에 대한 재판에 대해 가벼운 형이 선고될 것이라며 우려를 나타내는 경향 또한 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 사법부 판결에 대한 적대적 여론은 n번방 사건과 관련된 기사에서 처음 나타난 것이 아니라 다른 많은 범죄 관련 기사에서도 일상적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 더 높은 형량을 요구하는 이런 댓글들이 어떻게 등장했는지 살피기 위해, 본 연구는 20년간의 “중형 선고” 관련 기사와 댓글을 분석해 엄벌주의와 형벌 포퓰리즘 이론의 적용 가능성을 검토했다. 엄벌주의는 하나의 정립된 이론으로써 그 내용이 비교적 명확하지만, 형벌 포퓰리즘 이론은 최근 제시된 새로운 견해에 대해 정치권으로부터 형성되는 경향인지 국민으로부터 요구되는 경향인지에 대한 실증적 연구가 부재했다. 분석 결과 실제로 엄벌주의 경향과 국민적 요구의 형벌 포퓰리즘이 나타난다면 사법부 판결에 대한 불만의 해소책 마련 또한 필요했다. 데이터 분석 결과는 다음과 같았다. 기사에 대한 분석에서는 언론에서 주로 다뤄지는 중형 선고 관련 범죄의 유형과, 선고에서 나타난 형량의 변화를 알 수 있었는데, 부정적 여론과 징역형 최고형의 상향에도 불구하고 전반적인 형량의 분포는 변하지 않았고, 몇몇 극단값만 추가되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 댓글에 대한 분석에서는 기사의 내용과 비교해 사람들이 관심을 많이 가진 범죄유형에 대해 알 수 있었고, 중형 선고와 관련된 많은 댓글에서 사법처리와 관련된 단어가 부정적인 맥락에서 쓰였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 사형, 무기의 빈도가 매우 높게 나타나 강한 처벌을 바라는 경향을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이에 대해 국민적 형벌 포퓰리즘이 나타나고 있음을 확인하고, 형벌의 목적 면에서의 분석을 통해 기 현상의 원인과 대응책에 대해 논한다. The “Nth Room” case, which was revealed at 2020, cause public outrage for its brutality. However, comments from Internet articles featuring the case showed that Internet users often expressed anger over the crime or sorrow over the victim, but they also expressed concern that the trial for criminals which didn’t even start will give them light sentences. This hostile public opinion on the judicial decisions was not first seen in articles related to the case, but was routinely identified in many other criminal-related articles. To examine how these comments demanding higher senteces appeared, this study analyzed articles and their comments related to “harsh sentencing” over the period of 20 years to examine the applicability of Punitiveness and Penal Populism. While Punitiveness is a well established theory and its contents are relatively clear, there has been no empirical study of the recent proposed new perspective of Penal Populism about whether it is a tendency formed by politicians or a demand from the people. If the analysis actually shows a tendency to Punitiveness and Penal Populism, it is also necessary to come up with measures to resolve complaints about the judicial decisions. The results of the data analysis were as follows. The analysis of the news articles showed the type of crime mainly dealt with in the media and the change in the sentencing, which indicated that the overall distribution of sentences remained unchanged but only a few extreme sentences were added despite negative public opinion and demand of harsher sentences. The analysis of the comments showed the types of crimes people were interested in compared to the content fo the artile, and many comments related to the Punitiveness confirmed that the words related to judical processing were used in a negative context. In addition, the frequency of the word “death penalty” and “life-time” was very high, indicating the tendency to seek strong punishment. In this study, we confirm that people-demanded Penal Populism is emerging and discus te causes and countermeasures of pheomena through analysis in terms of the purpose of punishment.

성향점수를 이용한 운동강도가 고혈압에 미치는 영향

황진섭,피선미,최우철,김종태,Hwang, Jinseub,Pi, Seonmi,Choi, Woochul,Kim, Jongtae 한국데이터정보과학회 2017 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 국가표본조사자료인 제6기 국민건강영양조사자료를 활용하여 성향점수를 기반으로 운동강도가 고혈압에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 고혈압을 예방 또는 치료하기 위한 가장 효율적인 운동강도의 근거를 마련하고자 하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 만 18세 이상 65세인 미만의 대한민국 성인 중에서 운동능력에 제한이 있을 것으로 예상되는 장애인과 활동제한이 있는 사람을 제외하고 나트륨 섭취량을 비롯한 고혈압에 영향을 줄 수 있는 교란요인들이 결측인 대상자를 제외한 3,486명을 선정하였다. 성별, 나이, 흡연, 음주 등과 같은 교란요인을 기반으로 운동강도에 대한 성향점수를 추정하고, 복합표본설계를 고려한 로지스틱회귀모형에 추정된 성향점수를 보정변수로 활용하여 운동강도에 따른 고혈압 유병여부의 관련성을 파악하였다. 본 연구결과는 운동강도와 고혈압 유병의 관련성이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타나지는 않았지만, 운동을 하지 않거나 무리한 운동을 하기 보다는 중강도의 적절한 운동을 하는 것이 고혈압 예방 및 치료에 더욱 효과적일 수 있다는 향후 연구들의 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있으리라 기대한다. This study aims to identify the effect for exercise intensity on hypertension using propensity score based on the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and to provide an evidence for the most effective exercise intensity for prevention or treatment of hypertension. Specifically, we select 3,486 subjects who aged between 18 and 65 years after excluding some subjects who are expected to have limited athletic ability. We estimate propensity scores for exercise intensity based on the confounders such as sex, age, smoking, drinking, and natrium intake. Considering the complex survey design, we conduct a descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression for hypertension with propensity score as a covariate. Although the results of the study did not show statistically significant relationship between exercise intensity and hypertension, we expect that it can be used as a basis evidence that the appropriate exercise of moderate intensity may be more effective for the prevention and treatment of hypertension rather than strong intensity exercise and non-exercise.

다중이용시설믈 실감재난관리를 위한 테스트베드 구축 및 실증 연구

김태훈(Taehoon Kim),최우철(Woochul Choi),윤준희(Junhee Youn) 대한공간정보학회 2022 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.5

3D 안전상태정보플랫폼 기본프레임워크 구축 연구

김태훈(Taehoon Kim),윤준희(Junhee Youn),최우철(Woochul Choi) 대한공간정보학회 2020 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.6

핵물질 연대측정을 위한 불확도 추정 알고리즘 연구

박재찬,전태훈,송정호,주민수,정진영,권기남,최우철,정재학,JaeChan Park,TaeHoon Jeon,JungHo Song,MinSu Ju,JinYoung Chung,KiNam Kwon,WooChul Choi,JaeHak Cheong 한국방사선산업학회 2023 방사선산업학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Nuclear forensics has been understood as a mendatory component in the international society for nuclear material control and non-proliferation verification. Radiochronometry of nuclear activities for nuclear forensics are decay series characteristics of nuclear materials and the Bateman equation to estimate when nuclear materials were purified and produced. Radiochronometry values have uncertainty of measurement due to the uncertainty factors in the estimation process. These uncertainties should be calculated using appropriate evaluation methods that are representative of the accuracy and reliability. The IAEA, US, and EU have been researched on radiochronometry and uncertainty of measurement, although the uncertainty calculation method using the Bateman equation is limited by the underestimation of the decay constant and the impossibility of estimating the age of more than one generation, so it is necessary to conduct uncertainty calculation research using computer simulation such as Monte Carlo method. This highlights the need for research using computational simulations, such as the Monte Carlo method, to overcome these limitations. In this study, we have analyzed mathematical models and the LHS (Latin Hypercube Sampling) methods to enhance the reliability of radiochronometry which is to develop an uncertainty algorithm for nuclear material radiochronometry using Bateman Equation. We analyzed the LHS method, which can obtain effective statistical results with a small number of samples, and applied it to algorithms that are Monte Carlo methods for uncertainty calculation by computer simulation. This was implemented through the MATLAB computational software. The uncertainty calculation model using mathematical models demonstrated characteristics based on the relationship between sensitivity coefficients and radiative equilibrium. Computational simulation random sampling showed characteristics dependent on random sampling methods, sampling iteration counts, and the probability distribution of uncertainty factors. For validation, we compared models from various international organizations, mathematical models, and the Monte Carlo method. The developed algorithm was found to perform calculations at an equivalent level of accuracy compared to overseas institutions and mathematical model-based methods. To enhance usability, future research and comparisons·validations need to incorporate more complex decay chains and non-homogeneous conditions. The results of this study can serve as foundational technology in the nuclear forensics field, providing tools for the identification of signature nuclides and aiding in the research, development, comparison, and validation of related technologies.