노인마취레의 임상적 고찰

최성철,임용걸,정운혁,유건희,조성두 대한마취과학회 1982 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.15 No.3

To evaluate geriatric anesthetic experience, 1,441 cases of patients aged over 60 years, out of 29,692 surgical cases admitted to St. Mary's Hospital from January 1971 to December 1980 were analyzed according to age, sex, surgery, preoperative condition, technique of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, anesthetics, and mortality. The results were as follows: 1) The percentage of geriatric cases were 4.9% in average which ranged between 3.9% and 6.0% and showed steady numbers in this period. The distribution of the number of patient according to the age were 1,150 cases (79.8%) in the group of 60-69 years, 262 cases (18.2%) in 70-79 years, 29 cases (2.0%) over 80 years. 2) There were 833 male (57.8%) and 608 female (42.2%) cases. 3) 833 cases (57.8%) were in general surgery; the most prevalent diagnosis were empyema of gallbladder and cholelithiasis which amounted to 196 cases (13.6%0 4) The rates of elective to emergency surgery were 75.4% (1086 cases)to 24.6% (355 cases). 5) Premedicants were mainly atropine with sedatives (785 cases, 61.2%) and atropine with analgesics (220 cases, 17.1%). 6) Preoperative hemoglobin level ranged between 10.1 and 12.0 gm/dl in 40.1% of the patients. 7) The techniques of anesthesia were (1.234 cases, 85.6%) general anesthesia, (75 cases, 5.2%) intravenous anesthesia and spinal anesthesia (60 cases, 4.2%). 8) The duration of anesthesia (500 cases, 34.7%) were 1-2 hours in average. 9) The inhalation anesthetics were Halothane (1,110 cases, 90.0%), Methoxyflurane (112 cases, 9.1%), N_2O (6 cases, 0.5%), and Ether (6 cases, 0.5%). 10) The preoperative chest X-ray and clinical signs showed that 963 cases (64.3%) were normal, 159 cases (10.6%) had emphysems, 152 cases (10.1%) had pulmonary tuberculosis and 41 cases (2.7%) had bronchitis. 11) The preoperative EKG and clinical symptom revealed that 952 cases (62.1%) were normal in cardiovascular aspect, 232 cases (15.1%) showed hypertension, 124 cases (8.1%) had arrhythmia, and 79 cases (5.2%) had myocardial ischemia. 12) During the surgical procedure cardiac arrest were experienced in 5 cases (0.3%) and sudden hypotensivee pisods in 18 cases, which successfully resucitated. There were no operative mortalities within 48 hours. In summary, the patients over the 60 to 80 age group had a poor surgical risk but they were able to withstand this risk when properly managed with modern anesthesia.

성인에서 발생한 원발성 위 Burkitt 림프종 1예

최성철,이준행,이혁,김정환,김민형,이풍렬,김재준,이종철,김기현,고영혜,성창욱 대한소화기내시경학회 2003 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.27 No.4

Primary gastric lymphomas can be defined as lymphomas which are confined to the stomach without systemic metastasis. Primary gastric Burkitt's lymphoma is a rare disease that belongs to the aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, even in the localized disease. We report a case of primary gastric Burkitt's lymphoma in a 24-year-old female presenting with an intermittent epigastric pain for 3 months. Upper gastroduodenal endoscopy detected an ulcer with thickened folds on the greater curvature side of the lower body, and histologic examination of the biopsy specimens revealed infiltration of medium-sized lymphoblasts with characteristic "starry sky" macrophages. Abdominal CT scan demonstrated marked gastric wall thickening and regional lymph node enlargement. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27:229-233) 원발성 위 Burkitt 림프종은 아주 드문 질환으로 위장관 증상을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 상부위장관 내시경 검사를 통한 조직 검사에서 특징적인 현미경적 조직소견과 면역조직학적 염색검사로 진단될 수 있다. 치료는 위에 국한된 경우라도 수술적 치료보다는 항암요법이 주된 치료이며, 장기생존율은 50~70% 정도이다. 저자들은 3개월 간의 간헐적인 심와부 동통을 주소로 내원한 24세 여자 환자에서 위내시경과 복부전산화 단층촬영에서 체부하부의 궤양에 동반된 점막주름의 비후와 위 주위의 림프절 비대가 관찰되고, 현미경적 조직 소견에서 특징적인 “starry sky” 양상을 보인 원발성 위 Burkitt 림프종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

순자의 예치주의에 대한 일고찰

최성철 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1983 韓國學論集 Vol.3 No.-

Hsu¨n-tzu's philosophy of politics is the rule of kingly way as he disagrees to the rule of feudal way. He discusses that the propriety has to be a base in order to materialize the rule of kingly way since the propriety is most ideal in politics. He also insists that the heaven and the earth is the basis of life whereas the propriety and righteousness are the basis of politics. It is widely known that benevolence (仁 jen), righteousness (義 i) , propriety (禮 li) and wisdom (智 chih) are the four elementary ways in the Confucian school. In particular, Confucius regards benevolence is most important; Mencius regard righteousness and Hsu¨n-tzu regards, propriety. There would be no arguing that propriety is an indispensible basis in the constitution of human order among the Confucian followers. Hsu¨n-tzu, thus, states: $quot;the man is born with desire. Therefore, the desire unfulfilled, one is bound to seek it. In seeking it, he may contend with others. Contending with others, the whole society is easily ruined. Knowing all these, the wise kings in olden days taught us that to set up a norm in ruling a society is a basis of the propriety.$quot; When inquired on the method of ruling a state, he reliped that: $quot;I heard of grinding oneself, but never heard of ruling a state.$quot; continuing that: $quot;a ruler (leader) is the fountain of the people. If the fountain is not clear, the lower flows become turbid.$quot; Summing up all these thoughts on political philcsophy, Hsu¨n-tzu's philosophy is thus narrowed as follow: $quot;Leading a family is only possible after a leader is properly trained, while ruling the world is only possible after he fully governs his own state.$quot; In politics, Hsu¨n-tzu stresses that theory comes out of a through study. That is to say when the rule of a society is based on propriety, the people and the ruler naturally become harmonious and the society is prosperous. In contrast, the society all shrink and become awry when the people in a society conflict with the ruler. Without the theory-no ordinariness, no trust to rule the society, polictics is never expected to be successful. Difficulty arises when a ruler is ignorant of propriety. People would keep order and respect their leader, if he likes propriety and shows the norm. The nature of man is evil; his goodness is only acquired by training. Hsu¨n-tzu stresses that man is a social animal and the social norm is thus indispensible. The concept of the heaven in Hsu¨n-tzu's philosophy was superintendent and an object of deliberate spiritualism. Yet, it is note worthy that thisconcept later became an object of philosophy, science and mechanism. His concept of the heaven is totally different from the dhilosophy of heaven Man Unity because he observes it as a part of the nature. As the material civilization has been quickly developed recently, the importance of human moral is gradually neglected and ignored. Therefore human life is limping and offbalanced. This phenomenon ubiquitous in the world worries intellectuals, who regard that the man may destruct the world eventually. On this viewpoint Hsu¨n-tzu's philosophy of propriety suggests us so many things for the modern political philosophy.

해상 HF대역 디지털 데이터 교환을 위한 통신시스템 분석 및 제안

최성철,소지은,박형철,Choi, Sung-Cheol,So, Ji-Eun,Park, Hyung-Chul 한국정보통신학회 2017 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.21 No.12

IMO (International Maritime Organization) has been providing GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System) and mandating to install distress and safety systems according to SOLAS. Digital-HF(High-Frequency) coast station communication system maintains interoperability between ship and coast station and digital data exchange in maritime mobile service by digitizing existing analog base voice communication. In this paper, we analyze ITU-R M. 1798-1 established by ITU for digital HF communications and propose Advanced annex2 and new Annex 5 to improve the problems of the existing Annex 2 and Annex 4. The proposed OFDM protocol basically adopts ARQ (Automatic Retransmission Request) which retransmits when an error occurs in a half-duplex manner between an information transmitting side (ISS) and an information receiving side (IRS) and we propose a digital HF communication system and its operational concept which is more reliable and superior than the existing ITU-R M. 1798 by implementing technical development on implementation and performance improvement. 해상통신은 국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization, IMO)에서 세계 해상 조난 및 안전제도(Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, GMDSS)를 마련하고, SOLAS 규약에 따라 조난 및 안전 시스템을 탑재하도록 의무화하고 있다. Digital-HF(High-Frequency) 해안국 통신 시스템은 선박과 해안기지국 사이에 상호 운용성을 유지하며, 기존 아날로그 기반의 음성통신을 디지털화하여 해상이동업무에서 디지털 데이터 교환을 하기 위한 시스템이다. 본 논문은 디지털 HF통신을 위해 ITU에서 제정한 ITU-R M.1798-1을 분석하고, 기존 Annex 2와 Annex4의 문제점을 개선하여 Advanced annex2와 새로운 부속서인 Annex 5를 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 OFDM 프로토콜은 기본적으로 정보 송신측(ISS)과 정보 수신측(IRS)간의 반이중화 방식으로 에러발생시 재전송을 하는 ARQ(Automatic Retransmission Request)방식을 취하고 있으며, 이에 상응하는 구현 및 성능향상에 관한 기술적 개발을 하여 기존에 제시된 ITU-R M.1798-1보다 안정성과 우수성을 확보한 디지털 HF 통신시스템을 제안하고자 한다.

기술로드맵핑을 위한 특허정보의 SAO기반 텍스트 마이닝 접근법

최성철,김홍빈,윤장혁,김광수,이재열 대한산업공학회 2011 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

효사상의 현대적 재조명

최성철 범한철학회 2010 汎韓哲學 Vol.56 No.1

Filial piety as welfare for the aged is a central concept in Confucianism, containing important ideas about how children should treat their parents. Research over the past two decades has resulted in conflicting findings over whether filial piety is beneficial or harmful to individual development. The purpose of this study is to find out the essence and the meaning of conventional filial piety and review the availability of filial piety for the aged's welfare in modern society. The main point of this paper is to reinterpret our conventional filial piety for the elderly at the present time. Traditional concept of filial piety is to ①support one's parents, ②honor, revere, and obey one's parents, ③produce heirs, ④bring honor and glory to one's ancestors, and ⑤after the deaths of one's parents, be able to mourn and offer a memorial service and sacrifice to them. However, the moral order of the custom has faded under the influence of western cultures which has been flowed since the Korean Liberation and especially the traditional ideology of filial piety has become the main cause of a conflict to the future generations, so the reconstitution of filial piety should be required. Particularly, Due to the modernization and the seemingly unstoppable globalization of Korean society, diversifying family forms, women's increasing participation in occupational and social activities, the increasing trend toward separate residences for elderly people, changes in values in family life are challenging the spirit of filial piety and making it difficult to practice filial piety in traditional sense. Therefore, In modern society the practice of filial piety should be done not only at familial level(‘traditional individual filial piety') but also at societal level. Addition to these, filial piety should be changed horizontally, in aspect of an egalitarian interaction. Finally, we ought to reinterpret that, in order to raise the elderly's standing and expand filial piety, sublimation of filial piety to societal level beyond familial level can elevate the mental and intellectual level of our society. 본 연구는 현대 한국사회에서 전통시대의 효사상을 재조명하였다. 효사상이 지향하고자 하는 인류의 보편적인 사랑과 자애, 공경의 가치를 갖는 가족윤리와 사회윤리의 통합적 특성들에도 불구하고 전통시대의 효가 불평등적인 신분질서와 가족관계에 기반해 있었던 점, 가족윤리와 사회윤리의 통합과정에서 가족주의에 의한 폐단을 적절하게 경계하지 못한 점들로 비판의 대상이 되어왔다. 가족윤리가 가족주의로 변질되어 사회윤리를 해치고 가족이기주의로 향하는 모습에서 효의 확장을 실천적으로 가로막아온 부정적 측면이 존재했다. 바로 이점이 우리가 효를 현대에 와서 재적용하는데 지적되어야 한다. 가족주의가 가족의 이기성에 기초하는 반면 사회윤리는 투명성, 공정성, 헌신성, 이타성을 기반으로 한다. 따라서 이 둘의 관계는 상대적인 경쟁과 갈등 관계에 놓이게 된다. 특히 오늘날 효의 실천이 신분에 따라 다르게 적용되기는 어렵다. 바람직한 윤리는 신분에 따르지 않고 전문직의 윤리와 민주적이고 무차별의 원칙에 입각한 인권에 따른다. 신분으로부터 해방된 현대의 효실천 방법은 효경에서 제시한 신분에 따른 실천방법보다 국가의 사회정책과 법률의 입법 등의 거시적 차원(macro-level)과 지역사회를 비롯한 다양한 조직의 중간적 차원(meso-level), 가족과 개인의 미시적 차원(micro-level)에서의 실천방법이 필요하다. 각 차원들에는 자녀가 부모에게 효를 행하는 것 외에 부모가 자녀에게 자애를 규정하는 그 실천의 방법들이 수평적이면서 민주적으로 표현되어야 할 필요가 있다. 내부모를 모시는 것을 시작으로 해서 타인의 부모를 공경하는 마음으로 모시는 자세, 즉 그 사회 전 구성원들이 모든 부모를 공경으로 보살피고 돌보는 효가 사회의 최고 가치로 인식되고 받아들일 수 있어야 한다. 효사상이 가족주의를 경계하고 사회적 차원으로 승화될 때 진정한 노인들의 존엄성과 가치가 평가될 것이며 사회적 차원에서 공경심과 감사하는 마음을 가지는 효가 자리매김 할 것이다.

남북한 연금정책의 비교연구

최성철 원광대학교 법학연구소 2009 圓光法學 Vol.25 No.3

Surface treatment of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films synthesized by chemical solution deposition

최성철,윤영훈,Jin-Woo Choi 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2004 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.5 No.4

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were synthesized on glass substrates by chemical solution deposition from starting materials of Indium (III) acetylacetonate and Tin (IV) iso-propoxide. The ITO films were fired in a temperature range of 400 oC to 600 oC and annealed under N2 gas at 500 oC. The effects of surface chemical treatment on the sheet resistance of ITO films were investigated with AFM surface morphology and sheet resistance. The spin-coated ITO thin films, which was etched with KOH solution for 20 seconds, exhibited a sheet resistance value of approximately 352 Ω/square. The AFM surface morphologies of ITO thin films revealed a difference of surface roughness and morphology between the as-received films and the etched films. Also, ITO thin films showed an optical transmittance of about 90% in the range of 800 nm.

구미시 관광자원의 상품화 방안 및 관광코스 개발

최성철,곽오계,권기덕,오득환,최규석 한국정부학회 2011 한국정부학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2011 No.06

MAS계에서 3Y-TZP 첨가에 따른 독립 기공 생성기구와 기계적 성질

최성철,박현철 한국세라믹학회 1993 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.30 No.11

MAS system has narrow sintering temp. range due to the liquid phae sintering and thereby densify rapidly. And especially, its poor mechanical properties limitedthe industrial application. In this study, the improvement of mechanical properties and densification is suggested by the consideration of the toughening mechanisms and isolated pore generation mechanism which is derived by the liquid phase sintering theory in 3Y-TZP added composites. After Pressureless sintering up to 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 5hr, the dihedral angle and contact angle are analyzed by the observation of microstructure. As a result of microstructure analysis, the sintering stage of the specimen sintered for 5hr is analyzed as solid-skeleton stage. And the isolated pore generation mechanisms are considered as (1) The swelling of the liquid phase is predominent due to the facts that dihedral angle is larger than 60$^{\circ}$, contact angle is large and that liquid volume fraction is smaller than 10%. (2) The porous characteristics of the MAS system is also suggested as: the SiO2-rich liquid film is firstly formed at the srface and therefore this reduces the contiguity of the pore, which induces the isolated pore. The strength and fracture toughness increased with the addition of 3Y-TZP and the main fracture toughness improvement mechanisms are analyzed as the crack deflection.