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신종 플루 폐렴으로 입원한 환자들에서 주요 합병증 발생과 관련된 인자
최상식 ( Sang Sik Choi ),김원영 ( Won Young Kim ),김성한 ( Sung Han Kim ),홍상범 ( Sang Bum Hong ),임채만 ( Chae Man Lim ),고윤석 ( Youn Suck Koh ),김원 ( Won Kim ),임경수 ( Kyung Su Lim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2010 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.68 No.3
Background: To date, there are few data on the risk factors for severe cases and deaths associated with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A. Here, we describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients hospitalized for pneumonia and identify those factors associated with the development of major complications (MC). Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 41 cases of pneumonia admitted to a university-affiliated tertiary hospital between Aug 26 and Dec 10, 2009, and who had confirmed H1N1 influenza A based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay. There were 7,962 patients that fit these criteria. We compared the clinical features and demographic characteristics of patients who developed MC to with those who did not develop MC. Results: During the study period, 10 patients developed MC (required admission to the intensive care unit, n=10; required ventilator therapy, n=6; death, n=4). Patients with MC were significantly older than those without MC and more frequently had underlying medical conditions (90.0% vs 41.9%, p-value <0.01). In the patients with developed MC, the median PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 230.0 (145.0∼347.3) at admission and pneumonia severity index (PSI) score of 141.5 (88.3∼158.5) were higher than patients without MC. However, no differences were observed in laboratory findings or in viral shedding between the 2 groups. Conclusion: In hospitalized pneumonia patients of 2009 H1N1 influenza, old age, a history of malignancy, initial hypoxemia, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and PSI score appear to be risk factor significantly related to developing MC. These findings might be the basis to influence strategies for admitting patients to an intensive or intermediate care unit and for pre-emptive antiviral therapy.
식사시간에 따른 Ghrelin과 PYY3-36 농도 변화
최상한 ( Sang Han Choi ),이상엽 ( Sang Yeoup Lee ),김형회 ( Hyoung Hoi Kim ),전태용 ( Tae Yong Jeon ),김현준 ( Hyun Jun Kim ) 대한비만학회 2007 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.16 No.1
연구배경: 그렐린과 펩티드 YYJ3-36은 에너지 항상성과 연관된 위장관 호르몬이다. 저자 등은 식후 그렐린과 펩티드 YY3-36의 시간별 변화를 동시에 조사하였다. 방법: 연구를 시작하기 2주 전부터 아침식사시간을 엄격히 고정한 9명의 건강한 자원자를 대상으로 하였다. 채혈은 식전 1시간부터 11시 30분까지 매 시간 실시되었다. 혈장 그렐란, 펩티드 YY3-36, 렙틴 및 인슐린을 방사선면 역법으로 측정하였다. 결과: 혈장 그렐린 농도는 식전에는 588.0±204.4 pg/mL이었고 식후 1시간째는 394.22±145.25 pg/mL으로 감소하였다. 반면에 펩티드 YY3-36는 식전에는 29.9±13.7 pmol/L이었고 식후 1시간째에는 44.2±12.1 pmol/L로 증가하였다. 렙틴은 식전에는7.4±2.7 ng/mL이었고, 식후 1시간째에는 7.1±2.9ng/mL이었다. 반면에 인슐린은 식전에는 129.8±50.0 pmol/mL이었고, 식후 1시간째에는 658.8±332.3 pmol/L로 증가하였다. 혈장 그렐린은 식후 1시간째 최저 농도이었고, 펩티드 YY3-36는 식후 1시간째 최고 농도이었다. 결론 혈장 그렐린은 식후 1시간째 최저인 반면에 펩티드 YY3-36는 식후 l시간째 최고 농도이었다. 이는 혈장 그렐린과 펩티드 YY3-36가 식사에 띠라 같은 속도로 반대방향으로 반응한다는 것을 시사하는 소견이다. Background: Ghrelin and Peptide YY3-36 are gastrointestinal hormones related energy homeostasis. We investigated the changes in post-meal plasma ghrelin and PYY3-36 levels in people after meal, simultaneously. Methods: Nine healthy volunteers adhered to strict meal rimes starting two weeks before the study. Blood was drawn hourly for 4 hours. Plasma ghrelin, PYY3-36, leptin, and insulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. (RIA). Results: The mean plasma ghrelin level in subjects consuming the meal was 588.0±204.4 pg/mL just before breakfast and 394.22±145.25 pg/mL 1 h after meal, with the mean plasma PYY3-36 levels of 29.9±13.7 pmol/L and 44.2±12.1 pmol/L, respectively. The mean plasma leptin level in subjects consuming the meal was 7.4±2.7 ng/mL before the meal and 7.1±2.9 ng/mL 1 h after meal, with insulin levels of 129.8±50.0 pmol/L and 658.8±332.3 pmol/L, respectively. Plasma ghrelin levels were lowest 1 h after the meal. although PYY 3-36 levels were highest 1 h after the meal. Conclusion: While plasma ghrelin levels were lowest 1 h, PYY 3-36 levels were highest 1 h after the meal. These findings suggest that Plasma ghrelin and peptide YY3-36 levels change in opposite ways at the same speed.
Bulk-Si와 PD-SOI에 형성된 SiGe p-MOSFET의 전기적 특성의 비교
최상식,최아람,김재연,양전욱,한태현,조덕호,황용우,심규환,Choi, Sang-Sik,Choi, A-Ram,Kim, Jae-Yeon,Yang, Jeon-Wook,Han, Tae-Hyun,Cho, Deok-Ho,Hwang, Yong-Woo,Shim, Kyu-Hwan 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.6
This paper has demonstrated the electrical properties of SiGe pMOSFETs fabricated on both bulk-Si and PD SOI substrates. Two principal merits, the mobility increase in strained-SiGe channel and the parasitic capacitance reduction of SOI isolation, resulted in improvements in device performance. It was observed that the SiGe PD SOI could alleviate the floating body effect, and consequently DIBL was as low as 10 mV/V. The cut-off frequency of device fabricated on PD SOI substrate was roughly doubled in comparison with SiGe bulk: from 6.7 GHz to 11.3 GHz. These experimental result suggests that the SiGe PD SOI pMOSFET is a promising option to drive CMOS to enhance performance with its increased operation frequency for high speed and low noise applications.
최상균 ( Sang-kyoon Choi ),한광식 ( Kwang-sik Han ) 한국고등직업교육학회 1999 한국고등직업교육학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.11
There are no exception to apply this theory into any regional society or country, by development and advance of information society, successfully introduction of informational technology application to be primary cause for continuance and development of personalities, groups and organizations, By the extending of globalism with regionalism and decentralization, the region information business which is suitable properties into that area to be developing by the government of each city and region. It was projected of the region information plan of Kimpo City according as this principle and environment, established of the object and vision for region informationalism proper to Kimpo City. Also, the object of region information are suggested as devide into executive informationalism, industry informationalism, life informationalism, educational informationalism, travel informationalism and future informationalism and refer to needful partial and detailed plan to set up the region information center of Kimpo city, built up the foundation successfully able to carry out to region information business through detailed processing plan and detailed plan of budget. Therefore, it is expected to be able to carry out for successful business of region information of Kimpo City, establishing basic plan of region information through depend upon the current, expected that this research to be the manuel for establishment of 'Kimpo City with hope, glory in 21 Century’.
최상분 ( Sang Bun Choi ),서정숙 ( Jeong Sook Seo ),한양천 ( Yang Chun Han ),김애란 ( Ae Ran Kim ),허진원 ( Jin Won Hur ),이성순 ( Sung Soon Lee ),이영민 ( Young Min Lee ),이혁표 ( Hyuk Pyo Lee ),김주인 ( Joo In Kim ),염호기 ( Ho K 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2007 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.62 No.4
The Inhalation of certain freshly formed metal oxides can cause metal fume fever, which is an acute, self-limiting, flu-like illness. The most common cause of this syndrome is the inhalation of zinc oxide. The inhalation of zinc oxide can lead to tracheobronchiolitis, chemical pulmonary edema or to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). We encountered a 43-years-old man who developed severe dyspnea after inhaling of zinc oxide while working for 5 hours in a closed space. He was diagnosed with ARDS and was treated successfully with glucocorticoid. We report a case of ARDS caused by the inhalation of zinc fumes. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2007; 62: 314-317)