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自然科의 創意性 敎材와 受容性 敎材에 대한 學業成就度의 實驗硏究
崔炳祿 서울교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1975 科學과 數學敎育 論文集 Vol.1 No.-
In considering the reaction for the achievement degree of school work referring to the receptive materials in the current natural course text-book of elementary school and E. S. S. project cultivated by U. S. A. recently, we have selected 2 classes among 3rd year classes of Attached Elementary School to Teachers College and Studied with them "to breed Tedpoles" (Unit 5) in 3rd grade textbook issued by Department of Education and "Eggs and Tedpoles" (Unit 24) in E. S. S course. After compared receptive materials with creative materials, eve have come to the conclusion as following: 1. Creative materials enlarge the adaptability and the range of experience more thin receptive ones do 2. Receptive materials and creative ones have no effect on the improvement of children's literary ability, but creative materials lay emphasis on the interest and attitude of children for science. 3. In the subject of teaching and learning, creative materials have many problems to be solved and especially the training of teaching technique and the lack of childrens learning practice arc the most important problems.
Lymnaea auricularis 발생 과정과 살패(殺貝)에 관한 연구
崔炳祿 서울敎育大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
Lymnaea snails lwing in fresh waters and irrigation waterways found in every place our country are injurious ones Carrying Fasciola SP lwing upon men and domestic animals. 26.3 percents of Korean cows and sheep are getting infected with this Fasciola SP. To prevent this parasitic insects, investigations of its spawning, growth and habitation are made in four reservoirs and one irrigation waterway located in Kwang-ju and Si-hung Provinces. And also we observing the process of its growth in the laboratory, expiriments are made on sterilizing the adult snails by putting several kinds of chemicals. 1. When observing its geographical distribution of regional, seasonal spawning and habitation, we can find that great many numbers of individual object are gatered during May and September and especially from rushing irrigation waterway. 2. The breeding process of Lymnaea snails are easily observed in laboratory and the results of observation tells that the percentage of its spawning an growth are high during May nd September and low during summer and winter. 3. Among many kinds of Chemicals used to sterilize tha adult Lymnaea auricularia CuSO₄ and NaPCP are most effectice. Malathion and CaCN₂ are not so useful.
의약품(감기약 콘택600)의 제조물책임 - 대법원 2008. 2. 28. 선고 2007다52287 판결에 대한 비판적 고찰 -
최병록 경북대학교 법학연구원 2012 법학논고 Vol.0 No.38
의약품은 질병을 치료하거나 예방하는 유용한 기능을 하기도 하지만 그 부작용으로 인하여 생명이나 재산에 피해를 주기도 한다. 의약품 제조업자는 제조물의 구조, 품질, 성능 등에 있어서 현재의 기술 수준과 경제성 등에 비추어 기대가능한 범위 내의 안전성을 갖춘 제품을 제조하여야 하며, 만약에 의약품에 설계상의 결함이나 표시상의 결함이 있어서 소비자에게 손해를 발생시키면 손해배상책임을 져야 한다. 페닐프로판올아민(Phenylprophanolamine ; PPA라 약칭함.)이 함유된 콘택600이라는 감기약을 먹고 사망하는 사고가 발생하였는데, 대법원은 감기약에 설계상으로나 표시상의 결함이 없다고 판단하였다. 또한 감기약 제조업자는 제품에 표시한 소비자피해보상규정에 따라 보상받을 수 있다는 표시는 피해자에게 사고발생에 대하여 무과실책임을 진다는 보증책임을 진다는 약속으로 볼 수 없다고 판단하였다. 나아가 의약품의 제조나 판매에 대한 허가권을 가진 국가는 감기약의 안전성확보의무를 게을리한 잘못이 없어서 국가배상책임이 없다고 판단하였다. 그러나 이러한 대법원의 판결은 비판받을 수 있는 여지가 있다. 감기약의 제조업자는 PPA가 함유된 감기약이 전세계적으로 부작용의 위험성에 대한 논란이 많음을 볼 때, 설계상의 결함이 있는 의약품을 제조, 공급한 잘못이 있어서 손해배상책임을 지고, 국가 또한 감기약의 안전성확보의무를 게을리한 잘못이 있다고 볼 수 있다. Medicines have essential functions such as curing and preventing diseases, however, they also cause damages because of the side effects. Manufacturers have to produce medicines in their functioning, quality, and efficiency with considering the current technology and economic efficiency. If medicines bring damage to consumers for design flaws or defects in labeling, the manufacturers are responsible for fault liability for compensation. A cold patient died after taking a cold medicine called ‘Contac 600’ containing Phenylprophanolamine, abbreviated name is PPA. The Supreme Court decided that there are neither no-design flaws nor defects in labeling also the consumer victim compensation regulation labeling on the medicines dose not means that manufacturers are responsible for the no-fault liability for compensation about any incidents. Furthermore, government who has right of permission for approval for manufacturing and selling has no-fault for liability responsible in national level. However, this judgment of the Supreme Court is arguable since this cold medicine contains PPA which is very controversial for its severe side effects around the world. The manufacturer should take responsibility about the design defects in ‘Contac 600’. Although, government should have circumspection on the safety of medical supplies especially cold medicines that easily could distribute to consumers, it can judge government has negligence for safety obligation of the cold medicine.