Heilianthus annuus에 의한 오염된 하천에서의 Phytoremediation에 관한 연구

최문술,Choi, Moon-Sul 한국해양학회 2006 바다 Vol.11 No.4

This is the research to prepare a purification program for relatively less polluted stream by using phytoremediation. We calculated a treatment amount of nutrients followed by growth of Helianthus annuus (a kind of sunflower), setting up the plant reactor in the hothouse. Moreover, to investigate a field applicability, we could find increased contents of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen in plants by setting up a H. annuus planted artificial floating island in an irrigation canal. When we changed the dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) concentration of the influent from 28.5 to 199.2 mg/l and the dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) concentration of the influent from 13.3 to 25.4 mg/l, growth disorder has not appeared though it is much higher than the criterion of water for irrigation. In this case, the removal rate of DIN was $81.7\sim98.6%$, and that of DIP was $81.9\sim98.4%$ in 3 days stay on average. It has appeared that the efficient hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 48 hours. The following contents of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen of H. annuus appeared in the artificial floating island: nitrogen was $3.2\sim7.8%$ in the trunk and $3.0\sim6.3%$ in the root. Carbon was $40.1\sim57.7%$ in the trunk and $43.4\sim53.8%$ in the root. 본 연구는 비교적 저농도로 오염된 하천수를 대상으로 phytoremediation 기법으로 정화방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 온실에 식물 반응조를 설치하여 해바라기 일종인 Heilianthus annuus의 성장에 따라 영양염의 처리량을 산정하였다. 또한 현장 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 H. annuus을 식재한 인공부도(artificial floating island)를 관개수로에 설치하여 식물의 질소, 탄소 및 수소 함유량 증가를 확인하였다. 실험결과 7월부터 9월에 이르기까지 유입수 용존 무기질소(DIN)의 농도를 $28.5\sim199.2mg/l$, 유입수 용존무기인(DIP)의 농도를 $13.3\sim25.4mg/l$ 까지 변동 시켰을 때, 농업용수 기준보다 매우 높은 고농도임에도, 식물체의 성장장해는 나타나지 않았다. 이때 DIN 제거율은 평균 3일의 체류시간에서 $81.7\sim98.6%$였으며, DIP 제거율은 $81.9\sim98.4%$로 나타났다. 또한 효율적인 처리기간은 48시간으로 확인되었다. 인공부도에 식재한 H. annuus의 질소, 탄소 및 수소의 함유량을 보면 질소의 경우 줄기에서 $3.2\sim7.8%$, 뿌리에서 $3.0\sim6.3%$를 보였다. 탄소는 줄기에서 $40.1\sim57.7%$, 뿌리에서 $43.4\sim53.8%$의 함유량을 보였다.

Micropollutants가 연안 생물에 미치는 독성효과에 관한 연구 -1. 어류에 미치는 독성-

최문술,목묘직수,CHOI Moon-Sul,KINAE Naohide 한국수산과학회 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.5

해역에 오염을 일으킬 것으로 예상되는 Micropollutants로서 크롬, 구리, 아연, 수은, 카드뮴 및 LAS를 택하여 서해안의 대표적인 유용 어종인 조피볼락, 넙치 및 숭어에 대한 급성독성실험을 행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 각종 중금속이나 LAS에 대한 넙치, 숭어, 조피볼락의 내성은 일정한 경향이 없었으나 기수성 어류인 숭어가 대체로 약하였고 독성물질 중 수은과 LAS의 독성이 특히 강하였다. 2. 크롬의 어종별 96hr-LC50은 8.4mg/l, 숭어1.14mg/l, 조피볼락 26.65mg/l으로 조피볼락이 타어종에 비해 내성이 훨씬 강하였다. 3. 구리의 어종별 96hr-LC50은 넙치 16.1mg/l, 숭어 2.32mg/l, 조피볼락 0.18mg/l으로 조피볼락의 내성이 타어종에 비해 매우 낮았으며 특히 조피볼락의 MATC는 $0.053{\sim}0.0053mg/l$으로 서해 연안역의 $92{\sim}93$년도 농도가 $0.003{\sim}0.012mg/l$인 점으로 보아 구리 오염에 주의할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 4. 아연의 어종별 96hr-LC50은 넙치 5.2mg/l, 숭어 13.75mg/l, 조피볼락 6.95mg/l으로 나타났다. 5. 수은의 어종별 96hr-LC50은 넙치 0.28mg/l, 숭어 0.1mg/l, 조피볼락 0.01mg/l으로 조피볼락이 타어종에 비해 내성 낮았으며, 특히 조피볼락의 MATC는 $0.0007{\sim}0.007mg/l$으로 $92{\sim}93$년도의 서해 연안역의 수은 농도가 $0.001{\sim}0.005mg/l$인 점을 고려하여 볼 때 수은 오염에 주의할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 6. 카드뮴의 어종별 96hr-LC50은 넙치 28.4mg/l, 숭어 2.55mg/l, 조피볼락 28.7mg/l으로 나타났다. 7. LAS의 96hr-LC50은 0.79mg/l이었고, 숭어에 대한 96hr-LC50은 0.06mg/l, 조피볼락 1.08mg/l으로 기수성 어류인 숭어의 내성이 매우 낮은 점이 특이하였다. The lethal concentration(LC50) of several micropollutants for three species of the fish Paralichthys olivaceus, Mugil cephalus and Sebastes schlegeli were determined by acute toxicity tests. For the determination of definitive test concentrations, the fish were exposed to three test material concentrations spaced at order-of-magnitude intervals based on a logarithmic ratio in range finding tests. LC50 was determined by five concentrations of test material in a geometric progression by means of range finding tests. The 96hr-LC50 values(mg/l) were estimated by the graphical interpolation of probability-logarithm transformations. These indicated that the order of sensitivities to three kind of micropollutants was Mugil cephalus > Paralichthys olivaceus > Sebastes schlegeli.

Hibiscus canabinas를 이용한 Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni 및 Zn의 제거

최문술 ( Moon Sul Choi ),임철호 ( Cheol Ho Lim ) 한국환경생물학회 2004 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.22 No.1

수경 재배된 케냐프의 중금속 축적량 및 제거량을 파악하고 서로의 관계를 도출하기 위하여 Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni 및 Zn이 포함된 반응조에 노출시켰다. 대상식물의 최적성장을 위한 pH, DO, 전도도 및 영양염의 농도조절은 액체비료를 이용하여 조정하였다. 8일의 수리학적 체류시간을 적용했을 때 Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni 및 Zn의 제거율은 각각 90.5%, 80.5%, 66.1%, 71.1% 및 79.4%였고 그 농도는 각각 2.34에서 0.54mg L^(-1)까지, 3.37에서 1.07mg L^(-1)까지, 4.92에서 3.19mg L^(-1)까지, 6.31에서 4.41mg L^(-1)까지, 6.27에서 2.09mg L^(-1)까지 줄었다. 특히 Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni 및 Zn의 축적율은 각각 원소별로 347.32 and 275.39, 157.52, 50.48 및 211.01 mg DWkg^(-1)d^(-1)로 나타남으로써 본 연구의 결과 케냐프는 Cr, Cd과 Zn을 효율적으로 제거하는 식물임을 확인할 수 있었다. 최대제거율을 나타냈던 시점에서 Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni 및 Zn의 제거량에 대한 축적비율은 43.4%, 39.9%, 21.4%, 5.6% 및 14.5%로 나타났으며, 이와같은 생체내로의 축적과 더불어 rhizosphere에서나 잎을 통한 또다른 기작에 의해 제거되는 것을 추정할 수 있으며 이는 밝혀야할 숙제로 대두되었다. 원소별로는 다른 원소에 비해 Cr, Cd 및 Zn이 효율적으로 축적됨을 알 수 있었다. Kenaf plants were hydroponically grown in reactor containing toxic metals as Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn to examine the ability to take up heavy metal. The plants were fertilized using a nutrient solution, which was appropriately adjusted to optimum pH, DO and conductivity. For a hydraulic retention time of 8 days, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn were removed up to 90.5, 80.5, 66.1%, 71.1% and 79.4%, and reduced from 2.34 to 0.54 mg L^(-1), 3.37 to 1.07 mg L^(-1), 4.92 to 3.19 mg L^(-1), 6.31 to 4.41 mg L^(-1) and 6.27 to 2.09 mg L^(-1). Especially, accumulation rate of Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the plant were measured up to 347.32, 275.39, 157.52, 50.48 and 211.01mg DWkg^(-1)d^(-1), respectively. We considered that Kenaf plants removed Cr, Cd and Zn more effectively than other toxic metals applied.

QUAL-Ⅱ E 모델에 의한 만경강의 (萬頃江) 수질예측

심재환,최문술 ( Jae Hwan Shim,Moon Sul Choi ) 한국환경농학회 1991 한국환경농학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The QUAL-II E Model was applied to predict the water quality of the Mankyong drainage System, and lead to following conclusion. 1. The difference between computed and measured BOD at the M-3 (Bakgugeong) station was within 10%, indicating that the application of the QUAL-IIE Model for the prediction of water quality was satisfactory thus far. 2. The application of the model states that the discharge of concentrated pollutants at the M-1 station on the Jeonju stream, located 41Km upstream from the estuary, causes the worst problems. The sluice which extends residence time and enlarges watery surface improves water quality by a Self-purification process at the M-3 station, 28km upstream from the estuary. 3. The accuracy of the model diminished when this model was applied on the estuary downstream of the sluice. Hence, the application of the model on the estuary needs to be used with caution. 4. Among the conputed water quality parameters, BOD is the worst problem. At the M-3 station, BOD is computed to be 26.6 ㎎/1 in 1996, 30.7 ㎎/1 in 2,001, 33.0 ㎎/l in 2006, and 37.5 ㎎/1 in 2011. When preventive measures against water pollution are not properly exercised, severe problems in irrigation and water resources are expected. This study will be of used in the selection of irrigation water intake points, the criteria of effluent treatment, the management of water resources, and the establishment of water quality managemont policy.

군산부근 조간대 및 조하대역에서의 식물플랑크톤과 Bacterioplankton

이원호,이건형,최문술,이다미,Lee, Won Ho,Lee, Gean Hyoung,Choi, Moon Sul,Lee, Da Mi 한국해양학회 1989 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

Quantitative species distribution and primary productivity of phytoplankton were studied monthly from August, 1987 to July, 1988 along with the quantitative distribution of total heterotrophic bacterioplankton and three groups of physiologically chracteristic bacterioplankton in the intertidal and subtidal waters off Kum River Estuary, Yellow Sea. A total of 121 phytoplankton taxa including 102 diatoms occurred, and cell concentration ranged from 15 to 5451 (cells/ml). The great spatio-temporal variations of the number of phytoplankton species and cell concentration well reflected the environmental differences between the intertidal and subtidal waters. Primary productivity (in Piopt, mgC/$m^3$/hr) ranged from 0.6 to 27.3. Just after the phytoplankton bloom (March) Piopt was very low in April at station 1, where amylolytic bacterioplankton also showed quite low population density. The peaks of primary productivity were not always coincided with those of phytoplankton standing crop. The ratio of Piopt's between samples well indicated the environmental differences between the intertidal and subtidal waters. Little characteristic trend was found in the scatter diagrams of phytoplankton standing crop along the population densities of total heterotrophic bacterioplankton and the three groups of physiologically characteristic bacterioplankton. In summer the phytoplankton standing crop was minimum in contrast with the high population density of bacterioplankton, which implies the influx of much allochthonous orgainc matter from Kum River. The scatter diagrams of Piopt along bacterioplankton population density revealed some phenomena there. Piopt had highly positive correlation with the population density of amylolytie bacterioplankton($R^2$=0.84) and that of lipolytic bacterioplankton($R^2$=0.70) while total heterotrophic bacterioplankton and proteolytic bacterioplankton had lesser correlations with Piopt. From the regression lines the increase of unit Piopt (mgC/$m^3$/hr) in the study area was calculated to mean the increase of $9.0{\times}10$ cells/ml and $8.0{\times}10$ cells/ml of amylolytic bacterioplankton and lipolytic bacterioplankton, respectively.

버들개, Rhynchocypris steindachneri 운송을 위한 마취제 lidocaine-hydrochloride의 평가

박인석,임철호,최문술,PARK In-Seok,LIM Chel Ho,CHOI Moon Sul 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.6

인체용 마취제인 염산리도카인을 사용하여 버들개, Rhynchocypris steindachneli의 운송실험을 실시하였다. 대조군. sham 대조군 및 염산리도카인 농도 2.5ppm군, 5ppm군, 10ppm군, 20ppm군을 대상으로 실험후 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분, 240분 및 360분에 용존산소, ventilation rate, ammonia성 질소 및 pH를 측정하였다. 실험후 시간 경과에 따라 고농도 염산리도카인군, sham 대조군, 대조군 순으로 용존산소량이 높았으며 ventilation rate도 용존산소량의 결과와 상응하였다. 염산리도카인군은 물질대사가 저하하였기에 물질대사물인 ammonia 배출이 대조군에 비해 낮았고, 염산리도카인군에서는 농도의존적으로 ammonia 농도가 낮아졌다. 실험후 시간경과에 따른 sham 대조군과 염산리도카인군의 pH 감소는 대조군의 pH 감소에 비해 그 감소 정도가 약하게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 염산리도카인은 버들개의 운송실험시 진정제로 효과적이었다. The experimental transportation of Rhynchocypris steindachneri was carried out to study the effects of lidocaine-hydrochloride on water parameters. The dissolved oxygen, ventilation rate, ammonia nitrogen, and pH of control group, sham control group, and lidocaine-hydrochloride treated groups of 2,5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm at time of 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 240 min and 360 min after elapsed from treatment were tested. During the experiment time it was found that lidocaine-hydrochloride treated groups were most effective, followed by sham control and control, in decreasing the oxygen consumption and the excretion of ammonia by the fish. There were lidocaine-hydrochloride dose-related decrease in oxygen consumption and the excretion of ammonia. Decreasing in pH value of lidocaine-hydrochloride groups and sham control group was much more higher than that of control group. These results reveal lidocaine-hydrochloride is effective as sedative for transportation mixture in R. steindachneri.

WASP5 모형에 의한 새만금호의 수질 매개변수 추정

박영기(Young Ki Park),최문술(Moon Sul Choi),이장춘(Jang Choon Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2000 대한환경공학회지 Vol.22 No.4

扶土灣의 環境과 資原生物學的 硏究

金重來,柳文熙,鄭義泳,崔文術 群山大學校自然科學硏究所 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

扶土灣의 海洋還境 및 生物棲息環境을 비롯하여 植物플랑크톤, 主要水産動物의 生殖生態, 個體群成長, 害敵生物에 의한 白蛤의 斃死, 貝類의 資源量, 主要水産動物의 漁獲量, 그리고 有用海藻類의 生産에 關한 調査硏究 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 榮養鹽으로서 ??-N, ??-N, T-N과 ??-P는 陸水의 영향을 받는 곳에서 0.028∼0.046, 0.0011∼0.0023, 0.038∼0.049와 0.025∼0.035 mg/ℓ로 比較的 높았으나 陸水의 영향을 덜 받는 곳에서 각각 0.026∼0.031, 0.0005∼0.0017, 0.033∼0.043과 0.019mg/ℓ로 비교적 낮았다. 內灣으로 들어올수록 COD는 증가하며, 투명도는 감소하는 것으로 調査되었다. 2. 식물플랑크톤은 매번 1종 내지 3종이 크게 우점하였으며, 6월, 8월, 10월에 가장 큰 우점을 보인 種은 각기 Leptocylindrus danicus, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus 및 Chaetoceros rostratus였다. 여타의 해양생태학적 환경에 비하여, 조간대의 식물플랑크톤 군집은 계절변화나 종조성에 있어, 뚜렷한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 백합, Meretrix lusoria, 바지락, Ruditapes philippinarum 그리고 가무락, Cyclina sinensis는 雌雄異體로서 卵生이다. 4. 백합과 바지락의 生殖周期는 5段階(分裂增殖期, 成長期, 成熟期, 放出期, 그리고 退化 및 休止期)로 區分할 수 있었으며, 가무락은 6段階(分裂增殖期, 成長期, 成熟期, 放出期, 退化期 그리고 回復期)로 區分할 수 있었다. 5. 백합의 産卵은 5月에서 10月까지 일어나며, 産卵盛期는 6月에서 7月이다. 그리고 이들 個體群의 群成熟度는 암, 수 殼長이 35∼40mm인 個體는 50% 以上이었고 殼長이 50∼60mm인 個體는 100%로 全個體가 再生産에 참여하였다. 6. 바지락의 産卵은 5月에서 9月까지 일어나며 7, 8月이 産卵盛期이다. 그리고 이들 個體群의 群成熟度(生物學的 最少成熟個體)가 50% 以上인 個體의 殼長은 20∼25mm이었고 全個體가 再生産에 참여하여 群成熟度 100%가 되는 個體들의 殼長의 크기는 35∼40mm 이었다. 7. 가무락의 産卵은 7月에서 9月까지 일어나며 7, 8月이 主産卵期이다. 8. Von Bertalanffy의 방정식에 의한 殼長과 全重量에 對한 成長曲線은 다음과 같다. 1) 백합 : ??, ?? 2) 바지락 : ??, ?? 3) 가무락 : ??, ?? 9. 穿孔腹足類인 큰구슬우렁, Neverita didyma에 依한 白蛤의 穿孔의 位置는 다양하나 大部分은 比較的 一定한 位置인 殼頂部位에 있었다. 그리고 구멍의 內徑과 外徑의 크기는 貝類의 殼長에 비례하였다. 10. 큰구슬우렁, N. didyma의 포식율은 實驗室內에 調査한 結果 주간보다 야간에 더 컸고, 큰구슬우렁 1마리가 하루에 평균 0.2個體(殼長 20mm 以上)를 穿孔하여 포식하였다. 11. 扶土灣內의 年間 生産可能量은 白蛤이 ??, 가무락 ?? 그리고 바지락 ??으로 推定된다. 12. 김 生産量과 氣象要因과의 관계는 매우 密接하며 특히 養殖期間中의 적당한 風波는 김 生産에 크게 效果的이다. 13. 김의 年間生産量은 乾海苔로 約 439,500束으로 推定된다. 14. 主要水産動物(貝類除外)의 年間漁獲量은 約 38,430kg이며 이 中 魚類가 13種에 30,740.5 kg으로서 約 80%를 占有하고 單一魚種으로는 학공치가 으뜸으로 30.5%를 차지한다. Environmental and resources biological studies were performed aiming to the preservation of the resources biota in Pusa Bay from April to November 1986. 1. The nutrient concentrations of ??-N, ??-N, T-N and ??-P in inquiry area affected by the inflowing inland water were 0.028-0.046, 0.0011-0.0023, 0.038-0.049 and 0.025-0.035 (mg/1), respectively. However in the area not affected by the inland water the nutrient concentrations were 0.026-0.031, 0.0005-0.0017, 0.033-0.043 and 0.019, respectively. 2. Great dominance were shown by one to three phytoplankton species at each sampling time. The most dominants were Leptocylindrus danicus, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus, and Chaetoceros rostratus in June, August, and October, respectively. Intertidal phytoplankton community were found to be quite distinct in its seasonal succession and also in its species composition from that of the other temperate sea areas. 3. Sexualities of Meretrix lusoria, Ruditapes philippinarum and Cyclina sinensis are dioecious, and the species are oviparous. 4. The reproductive cycles of M. lusoria and R. philippinarum can be classified into five successive stages (multiplicative, growing, mature, spent, and degenerative and resting stage), while those of Cyclina sinensis can be classified into six successive stages (multiplicative, growing, mature, spent, degenerative, and recovery stage). 5. Spawning of Meretrix lusoria occurs from May to October with a peak from June to July, and the percentages of the first maturity of female and male clams are over 50% in 35∼40 mm and 100% in 50 ∼60 mm of the shell length. 6. Spawning of Ruditapes philippinarum occurs from May to September with a peak spawning in July-August, and the percentages of the first maturity (biological minimum size) of these populations are over 50% in 20∼25 mm, and 100% in 35∼40 mm of the shell length. 7. Spawning of Cyclina sinensis occurs from July to September with a peak spawning in July-August. 8. Growth curves for the shell length and total weight fitted to von Bertalanffy's equation were expressed as follows: 1) Meretrix lusoria : ?? ?? 2) Ruditapes philippinarum : ?? ?? 3) Cyclina sinensis : ?? ?? 9. The location of the holes on the valves of Meretrix lusoria by boring snail, Neverita didyma varied widely, while most of holes on the valves were located at relatively definite position (umbo position) on the valves. The inner and outer diameter of the holes varied in proportion to the shell length of the clam. 10. Predation rates of Nerverita didyma was much greater at night than during the day in the laboratory, an average of 0.2 individual of clam was drilled and consumed per snail per day. 11. The amount of annual yield of Meretrix lusoria, Ruditapes philippinarum and Cyclina sinensis were estimated to be about 726.40M/T, 32.31M/T and 23.91M/T, respectively. 12. The productivity of Porphyra species is closely related with atomospheric factors in the culture ground through the seasons in 1985. The wind among the factors seems to have a good effect on the growth and production of Porphyra. 13. The annual yield of Porphyra species was estimated to be about 439,500 bundles by dried-laver. 14. The annual catch of commercial species of fisheries animals (except shell-fishes) was presumed to be about 38,430 kg and the fishes among them, including 13 species, was calculated to 30,740.5 kg, which dominated over 80% of total fishing amounts. The most important species of fishes was quantitatively Hemirhamphus sajori, whose catch was inferred to 3,300 kg at a fish-farm (10ha in scale) and 30.5% of the totality, followed by Platycephalus indicus.

Application ot the Nonlinear System of Star Diagram

최문술,류문희 군산대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

속도방정식인 Schlogl model에 대한 retarded n-point 함수를 명확하게 나타내었다.어떤 면에서는 이러한 방법을 다른 비선형계에 정확한 형태로 적용할 수 있다. The retarded n-point function of a Schl□gl model which is rate expression is represented explicitly.In some cases this method allows one to apply to the other nonlinear system in explicit form.

THE INSTITUTE OF NATURAL SCIENCES KUNSAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Ryu,Moon-Hee,Choi,Moon-Sul 群山大學校自然科學硏究所 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

속도 방정식 즉 Schlogl Model Ⅰ, Ⅱ를 만족하는 변수에 대한 Fokker-planck 방정식의 근사해인 확률분포함수를 구하였고 그 결과를 Suzuki가 제안한 방법과 비교 설명하였다.