공관복음의 '사람 낚는 어부'는 구원의 이미지인가?: 심판의 이미지로 바라본 '사람 낚는 어부'

최규명(Choi Kyu-Myeong) 한국복음주의신약학회 2009 신약연구 Vol.8 No.2

The aim of this article is to investigate intertextuality between Mark 1:17, its parallelisms(Mt. 4:19, Lk. 5:10b) and Jeremiah 16:16, Habakkuk 1:14. The image of "fishers of men" has been understood as the meaning of missionary salvation in the Christianity for a long time. But it was often used as the metaphor of God's judgment in the Old Testament, especially in the prophetic writings. Scholars have investigated the relation between them. But they have concluded that there is no relation between them, because (unnecessary) the context in the New Testament shows the dawn of salvation in the kingdom of God. Therefore some have claimed that the image was used from other parallelisms with the meaning of missionary salvation and others have maintained that Jesus changed the image of judgment into the image of salvation. However, this article argues on the basis of Speech-Act theory that Jesus didn't employ unacquainted image or something new. On the contrary he used the well-known image in the Old Testament, especially in the prophetic writings. To test this hypothesis, this article adopts 'intertextuality' as method and it has three criterions. First, are the main words, "fishers of men" used? Second, is the concept of "fishing men" used? Third, does the theme of "the judgment on Jerusalem" appear in a similar way? Through this test, this article claims that Mark 1:17 and its parallelisms(Mt. 4:19, Lk. 5:10b) may echo Jeremiah 16:16 and Habakkuk 1:14. So the image of "fishers of men" in Mark 1:17 and its parallelisms can be interpreted as the image of judgment, especially on Jerusalem. "Fishers of men" does not imply the image of salvation. But it can convey the meaning of salvation, because the message of judgment can function as the message of salvation. It is illustrated by many examples in the Bible (e.g. the Jonah's message of judgment on Nineveh and its result as salvation, cf. Jonah 3:4, 10). Therefore we need not wonder that the image of judgment was used in the context declaring the dawn of salvation. In conclusion, we must still consider that the image of "fishers of men" in the synoptic Gospels may echo the image of judgment in the prophetic writings and deliver the meaning of judgment in the New Testament context.

국내 딸기 재배품종의 잎절편 배양으로부터 고빈도 식물체 재생

조미애,최규명,고석민,민성란,정화지,유장렬,최필선,Cho Mi-Ae,Choi Kyu-Myeong,Ko Suck-Min,Min Sung-Ran,Chung Hwa-Ji,Liu Jang-Ryol,Choi Pil-Son 한국식물생명공학회 2005 식물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.3

To develop a high efficiency plant regeneration system from in vitro cultures of strawberry, cv. Yeobong, petiole and leaf explants were cultured on MS basal medium containing a combination of 0.5 mg/L IBA and 3.2 mg/L kinetin or zeatin or benzyl amino purine (BAP) for 6 weeks, and leaf explants with dark pretreatment for a week ($T_1$), 2 weeks ($T_2$), and 4 weeks ($T_3$) were cultured on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 3.2 mg/L zeatin under 16 hr photoperiod for 6 weeks. Shoot organogenesis was observed from the greenish calli containing minimal anthocyanin formed at proximal cutting edges of the leaf explant (57%) when cultured adaxial side on the medium, whereas was directly formed from a cutting edges of petiole explant (6.3%). Frequency of callus formation and shoot organogenesis at large size of leaf explant ($1.0{\sim}1.5\;cm^2$) was higher than small size ($0.5{\sim}1.0\;cm^2$), and dark pretreatment significantly improved the frequency of leaf explants that produced calli and shoots. The maximum frequency (87%) for shoot organogenesis was obtained from the leaf explants that transferred to a 16 hr photoperiod condition after the initial 4 weeks dark period. The improved frequency (87%) in comparision with control without dark pretreatment (27%). When the shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS basal medium, formed roots with 20 d of culture. The rooted plants were subsequently transferred to the pots and to the field. 딸기 기내배양으로부터 고빈도 식물체재생 방법을 개발하기 위하여 여봉딸기의 잎과 엽병절편을 0.5 mg/L IBA와 3.2 mg/L kinetin, BAP, zeatin을 각각 조합 첨가한 MS배지에서, 그리고 1주, 2주, 4주동안 암 전처리한 잎 절편을 0.5 mg/L IBA와 3.2 mg/L zeatin이 첨가된 배지에서 6주동안 16시간 광주기 조건으로 배양하였다. 신초 발생은 잎을 adaxial상태로 치상하였을때 절단부위로부터 안토시아닌 색소를 함유한 녹색 캘러스로부터 유도되었고 (57.0%), 엽병의 경우 절단부위로부터 직접 발생되었다(6.3%). 캘러스와 신초발생율은 잎 절편 크기가 클수록 ($1.0{\sim}1.5\;cm^2$) 높았으며, 암 전처리는 그 발생율을 점차 증가시켜 4주동안 암 전처리한 후 16시간 광조건으로 옮겼을 때 가장 높은 발생율 (87.0%)을 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 shoot발생율 (87%)은 암 전처리를 하지 않은 대조군 (27%) 에 비하여 현저하게 증가된 것이다. 신초를 분리하여 1/2 MS기본배지에 옮겨20동안 배양하였을 때 뿌리가 발생되었으며, 이때 소식물체를 토양에 옮겨 순화시켰다.

대두 재조합순계주에서 고빈도 체세포배발생능 계통 조사

최필선,다가오 고마쓰다,김민훈,최규명,최동욱,유장렬,Choi, Pil-Son,Takao Komatsuda,Kim, Min-Hoon,Choi, Kyu-Myeong,Choi, Dong-Woog,Liu, Jang-Ryol 한국식물생명공학회 2002 식물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.2

대두 85개 재조합순계주의 미숙배로부터 얻은 자엽절편을 MS salt, B5비타민, 40 mg$^{-1}$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 및 30 g$^{-1}$ sucrose로 조성된 체세포배유도배지 (SIM, somatic induce medium)에 치상하여 5주간 배양하였다. 10%이하의 체세포배형성빈도는 36계통에서, 11~49%의 형성빈도는 37계통에서, 50~80%의 형성빈도는 9계통에서 그리고 90% 이상의 형성빈도는 3계통에서 각각 관찰되었다. 90% 이상의 체세포배형성빈도와 자엽당 6.36개의 체세포배를 형성하는 계통으로는 KM1010, KM1032 및 KM1064이었으며, 3계통에서 얻은 일차배를 동일배지상에서 계대배양하면서 2차배 증식방법으로 1년 이상 증식 유지하였다. 체세포배를 성숙배지와 식물체전환배지 (Komatsuda 1992)에 옮겼을 때 약 25% 정도가 정상식물체로 생육하였다. Cotyledonary explants from immature zygotic embryos of each 85 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were cultured on medium containing MS salts, B5 vitamins, 40 mg$^{-1}$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 30 g$^{-1}$ sucrose. Frequency of somatic embryo formation on cotyledonary explants showed in thirty-six lines(<10%), in thirty-seven lines (11~49%), in nine lines (50~89%), and in three lines(>90%), respectively, The highest frequency (up to 90%) and number (6.36 per cotyledon) of somatic embryos were obtained from lines of KM1010, KM1032 and KM1064. Primary somatic embryos produced from three lines produced numerous secondary somatic embryos on the surfaces, which were subcultured for over one year. Upon transfer to maturation and conversion medium (Komatsuda, 1992), somatic embryos converted to plantlets at a frequency of approximately 25%.

스마트 시대에서 S-lancer의 대두 및 활용에 관한 연구

김기승(Kim, Gi Seung),최규명(Choi, Kyu Myeong),박정현(Park, Jeong Hyeon) 한국지적정보학회 2013 한국지적정보학회지 Vol.15 No.2

아날로그 시대에서 최근의 스마트 시대까지 ICT기술의 발달은 산업구조의 변화는 물론 새로운 직업군의 출현에 많은 영향을 미쳤으며, 이에 따라 프리랜서의 진화된 형태인 S-lancer가 등장하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 스마트시대에서 S-lancer를 정의하고 토지 관리 분야에서의 활용 방향을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 연구범위는 정보환경의 변화에 따른 효율적인 토지관리 및 활용을 위한 S-lancer의 활동으로 한정하고, 조사방법은 문헌조사에 통하여 2차 자료를 수집하였으며, 접근방법은 기술적 접근방법, 비교론적 접근방법, 체제론적 접근방법을 병용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같은 관점 및 내용에서 도출하고자 하였다. 첫째, S-lancer의 개념적 접근은 S-lancer의 의의, 토지정보 관리의 변화, 선행연구 및 접근 틀 차원에서 검토하였다. 둘째, S-lancer의 활동영역 및 한계는 기술적·법·제도적·교육적 영역과 각 영역에 대한 한계의 관점에서 검토하였다. 셋째, 토지 관리 분야에서의 S-lancer의 활용방향은 기술적·법·제도적·교육적 영역의 활성화 방안 차원에서 검토하였다. The purpose of this study is to suggest the definition of S-lancer and the utilization of S-lancer in the land management. To achieve the research objects, the research range was limited to activity of S-lancer for effective land management and application due to change of information environment. Survey was carried on through collecting the secondary research data by literature review, and descriptive, comparative, and systematic approaches were applied concurrently. Conclusion of the study is as follow:First, S-lancer’s conceptual approach was examined in term of significance of s-lancer, change of land information management and advanced research, and framework. Second, S-lancer‘s activity area and limit were conducted from point of view of technical, legal, institutional, and educational areas and limits of each area. Third, Utilizing of S-lancer in the field of land management was examined in a dimension of activation strategies of technical, legal, institutional, and educational areas

바닷가 공간관리정책의 결정모형 설계에 관한 연구

이종환(Lee, Joung Hwan),김기승(Kim, Gi Seung),최규명(Choi, Kyu Myeong) 한국지적정보학회 2014 한국지적정보학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 바닷가 공간관리정책의 개념을 정립하고 현재 수행되고 있는 바닷가 관련 정책의 결정요인을 살펴본 후, 바람직한 바닷가 공간관리정책의 결정모형을 설계하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 바닷가 공간으로 한정하고, 내용적 범위는 바닷가 공간관리정책의 의의 및 구성체계, 변화 그리고 결정모형의 설계로 설정하였다. 조사방법은 주로 문헌조사를 통한 2차 자료를 수집하여 개념적 논의 대상과 요인을 도출하고, 바닷가 공간관리정책의 분석모형을 설계하였다. 바람직한 바닷가 공간관리정책의 결정모형은 정책변수, 집행변수, 환경변수로 구성된다. 그 내용을 보면, 첫째, 정책변수는 바닷가 공간관리정책 자체에 해당하는 것으로 정책이 도입된 목표와 내용을 포함하고 있으며, 정책요인, 집행조직 요인, 정책대상 요인으로 구성하였다. 구체적으로 정책요인은 정책목표와 제도의 정합성으로, 집행조직 요인은 정책기관 담당자와 조직의 규모로, 정책대상 요인은 정책집단의 특성과 정책대상의 중요성으로 구성하였다. 둘째, 집행변수는 바닷가 공간관리정책을 집행하는 과정에서 필요한 정보화, 의사결정, 네트워크를 말하며, 구체적으로 정보화 요인은 시스템의 혁신성으로, 의사결정 요인은 접근경로로, 네트워크 요인은 조직간의 협력구조로 구성하였다. 셋째, 환경변수는 바닷가 공간관리정책에 영향을 미치는 사회적, 경제적, 정치적 상황의 변동을 의미하며, 구체적으로 사회적 요인은 이해관계자로, 경제적 요인은 예산편성으로, 정치적 요인은 주민참여로 구성하였다. The purpose of this study is to establish the concept of seaside spatial management policy and suggest the model analyzing elements that affect the seaside spatial management policy. To accomplish this goal, the study object was the seaside space and the content scope was limited to the meaning and composition system of the seaside spatial management policy, change of paradigm, and design of determinant model. The research method was carried on through collecting the secondary data by literary review, deducted conceptional object, and designed determinant model of the seaside spatial management policy. The Determinant model of seaside spatial management policy has set the policy variable, execution variable, and environment variable as the independent variables and the seaside spatial management policy as the dependent variable. The content is as follows. First, the policy variable is the seaside spatial management policy itself, including the objective and content as well as being composed of the policy factor, executive organization factor and policy object factor. To be more specific, the policy factor, the execution organization factor, and the execution organization factor were composed of consistency of the policy objective and system, the person in charge of the policy institution and size of the organization, and the characteristic of the policy group and the importance of the policy objects respectively. Second, the execution variable means the informationization, decision making and network needed during the procedure which is executing the seaside spatial management policy. In detail, the informationization factor, the decision making factor, and the network factor were composed of the innovativeness of the system, the approaching route and the cooperative structure between organizations respectively. Third, the environment factor means the change of the social, economical and political situation that affects the seaside spatial management policy. Specifically, the social factor, the economic factor, and the political factor were composed of the person concerned, the budget organization, and the citizen"s participation.