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간호사의 유방 자가검진(Breast Self-Examination)에 관한 지식, 태도, 실천에 관한 연구
최경옥 성인간호학회 1994 성인간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses toward breast self-examination and to identify factors that may influence compliance with breast self examination. The subjects for this study were 306 nurses in five university hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected during the period from October 16 to November 4, 1993 by means of a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SAS program. The results of study are as follows : 1. The mean knowledge score for the total sample was 18.1. Factors affecting the nurses' knowledge of breast cancer and BSE were : years of nursing experience, enlisting the help of significant peers, experience in learning BSE, the extent to which the nurse asked her clients about BSE, teaching BSE to clients in present area of practice. 2. Elements related to attitude included : (a) perceived feeling of susceptibility to breast cancer, and (b) belief about the effectiveness of BSE. The mean perceived susceptibility score was 1.7 and the mean effectiveness score was 4.60. The relation between the nurses' attitudes and level of education was statistically significant. Factors affecting the nurses' perceived susceptibility to breast cancer were experience with breast disease, and enlisting the help to significant peers. The relation between the nurses' belief about effectiveness of BSE and self-practice, level of confidence in knowledge of technique and practice were statistically significant. 3. The mean self-practice score for the total sample was 5.7. The relation between nurses' self-practice, and years of nursing experience and type of position were statistically significant. Results indicated 37.9% of the total sample practiced BSE. But only 11.2% of the total sample practiced BSE monthly. The most frequent reason nurses gave for not performing monthly BSE was "Didn't think do it". The most frequent reason nurses gave for not asking clients about BSE was "Not related to clients' diagnosis" and "Didn't think of it". Factors affecting the nurses' practice were exercise for health, experience with breast cancer patients, experience with mammography, experience with examination by physician, enlisting the help of significant peers, level of intention to perform BSE and to recommended BSE, experience in learning about BSE, confidence in knowledge of BSE technique, asking clients of BSE, teaching BSE to clients in present area of practice. 4. No relation between knowledge and attitudes and practices was found. 5. When all the variables were examined for their contribution to the variance it was found that the confidence in knowledge of BSE technique and BSE frequency for six months and family history of breast cancer were significant variables and explained 34.2% of the variance. From the results of this study it can be said that nurses need to be taught proper BSE technique so they can become more proficient in detecting breast abnormalities and then they will feel confident to teach BSE to clients.
최경옥,Hoang Hai Nguyen,곽해수 한국축산식품학회 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.1
The immune system is generally divided into the innate and the adopted immune systems, both protecting the body from pathogens. Recently, allergies, a disease associated with an imbalanced immune system, have increased rapidly in developed countries. Prevailing symptoms of allergic diseases are eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease,and food allergy. Probiotic bacteria, mainly consisting of lactic acid bacteria, are used in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The function of them is to stimulate the intestinal immune cells and form a complex signal network to activate other immune cells. Beneficial health effects of probiotics are based on the hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that sanitary environment is important for health, but limited exposure to environmental factors increases allergic diseases. An immunoregulatory effect of probiotic bacteria is demonstrated by controlled trial, animal model, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo designs. However, the immunoregulatory effect of probiotic bacteria is controversial because it depends on probiotic strains,a dose and a type of diseases. In this review, we discussed clinical evidences on immunoregulatory effects of probiotic bacteria.
崔京玉 東亞大學校 大學院 1997 大學院論文集 Vol.22 No.-
Presently in Korea as the role of the court of the Constitutional Law is wide-spread and the people's knowledge of human rights is more thorough, constitutional petitions have been increasing steadily and cases have been accumulating. Therefore, this essay will study how much the secondary source of cases can be accepted as court cases of Constitutional Law have been accumulating. It will also analyse the influence and limit of the precedent of cases being considered in Korea and Japan which are taking the principle of written law in the continental law. The doctrine of stare decises results from that cases have binding force as they have been accumulating under the principle of an unwritten law in Anglo-American law. Korea and Japan have two facts in common. One is that over a half century has passed since World War II, and the other is that the two countries inherited the continental law. They have been making their own respective law-cultures though they have something historical and cultural in common. Therefore it will be meaningful to find out the similarities and differences between both countries' cases of Constitutional Law;(the secondary sources and the precedents of the two countries), now, at a time when over fifty years have passed since the restoration of Korean Independence from Japan. There is still little discussion, however, on the secondary source and the precedent of cases of Constitutional Law in Korea. Therefore this essay compared the precedents of constitutional cases and the secondary sources of cases of Constitutional Law in Korea and Japan. It classifies Korean constitutional cases into parts and looks at the precedent and the secondary source of the constitutional cases after examining scholars' opinions of Japan. These pinions arisen after long and lively debates about the secondary source of constitutional cases and the precedent of these cases.