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박동영(Dong Young Park),차성덕(Sung Duk Cha),김진(Jin Kim),김병관(Byeong Gwan Kim),유철규(Chul Gyu Yoo),손대원(Dae Won Sohn),이효석(Hyo Suk Lee),김정룡(Chung Yong Kim) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.2
The hepatopulmonary syndrome is defined as the triad of liver disease, an increased alveolar-arterial gradient while breathing room air, and evidence of intrapulmonary dilatation. Other cardiopulmonary abnormalities(such as pleural effusion or decreased lung volumes) are common and may coexist in patients with the hepatopulmonary syndrome. An abnormal dilatation of intrapulmonary capillaries is evidenced by Tc 99m-MAA perfusion scan, contrast-enhanced echocardiography, and pulmonary angiography. We have experienced a case of hepatopulmonary syndrome in a fi7 year old woman with liver cirrhosis who complained of severe dyspnea and cyanosis. Her arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) showed severe hypoxemia(PaO2 59mmHg), suggesting the hepatopulmonary syndrome, which was confirmed with the contrast-enhanced echocardiography. It showed delayc4 opacification of left side chambers during agitated saline injection', thus, intrapulmonary shunt was confirmed. So we report a case of hepatopulmonary syndrome with a rewiew of literature.
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광 입사각이 BIPV에 적용되는 단결정 또는 비정질 실리콘 태양전지의 양자효율에 미치는 영향
강정욱,손찬희,조광섭,유진혁,김정식,박창균,차성덕,권기청,Kang, Jeong-Wook,Son, Chan-Hee,Cho, Guang-Sup,Yoo, Jin-Hyuk,Kim, Joung-Sik,Park, Chang-Kyun,Cha, Sung-Duk,Kwon, Gi-Chung 한국진공학회 2012 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.21 No.1
건재 일체형 태양광발전(BIPV) 응용을 위해 광 입사각에 따른 태양전지의 변환 효율은 중요하다. 양자효율은 태양전지의 파장별 전자 수집효율을 말하며, 입사각별 양자효율 측정으로 입사각에 따른 태양전지 출력 변화 요인을 분석할 수 있다. 이러한 입사각별 양자효율은 태양전지 종류에 따라 차이를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 가장 많이 쓰이는 벌크형 단결정 실리콘 태양전지와 박막형 비정질 실리콘 태양전지의 입사각별 양자효율을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 단결정 실리콘 태양전지에서는 광 입사각이 증가함에 따라 전 파장영역에서 양자효율이 감소했다. 반면, 비정질 박막 실리콘 태양전지에서는 단파장 영역에서는 결정질 실리콘과 동일하게 감소하였으나, 그 이후의 흡수 영역에서 약 $40^{\circ}$의 입사각까지 증가 또는 일정한 양자효율을 보이다가 이후에 급격히 감소하는 결과를 얻었다. 이는 비정질 박막 실리콘 태양전지에서 입사각이 증가함에 따라 특정 파장 영역에서 산란과 박막 구조의 영향으로 예상된다. 따라서, 태양전지의 구조 및 광학 구조 최적화 등으로 BIPV 적용에 유리한 구조 태양전지 제작이 가능할 것으로 보인다. The conversion efficiency of solar cells depending on incident angle of light is important for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) applications. The quantum efficiency is the ratio of the number of charge carriers collected by the solar cell to the number of photons of a given energy shining on the solar cell. The analysis of angle dependence of quantum efficiencies give more information upon the variation of power output of a solar cell by the incident angle of light. The variations in power output of solar cells with increasing angle of incidence is different for the type of cell structures. In this study we present the results of the quantum efficiency measurement of single-crystalline silicon solar cells and a-Si:H thin-film solar cells with the angle of incidence of light. As a result, as the angle of incidence increases in single-crystalline silicon solar cells, quantum efficiency at all wavelength (300~1,100 nm) of light were reduced. But in case of a-Si:H thin-film solar cells, quantum efficiency was increased or maintained at the angle of incidence from 0 degree to about 40 degrees and dramatically decrease at more than 40 degrees in the range of visible light. This results of quantum efficiency with increasing incident angle were caused by haze and interference effects in thin-film structure. Thus, the structural optimization considering incident angle dependence of solar cells is expected to benefit BIPV.
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스테로이드 저항성 궤양성 대장염 환자에 대한 Cyclosporine A의 치료 효과
이대희(Dae Hee Lee),이준행(Jun Haeng Lee),박동영(Dong Young Park),김윤준(Yoon Jun Kim),황진혁(Jin Hyok Hwang),차성덕(Sung Duk Cha),정운태(Woon Tae Jeong),윤정환(Jung Hwan Yoon),이국래(Kook Lae Lee),이동호(Dong Ho Lee),정현채(Hyun Cha 대한소화기학회 1998 대한소화기학회지 Vol.30 No.1
N/A Background/Aims: In refractory severe ulcerative colitis patients who are resistant to intravenous corticosteroids and total parenteral nutrition, new medical therapeutic tools that induce rapid remission is required in order that the patients can avoid colectomy. Since 1990, several western groups reported in their well designed studies that cyclosporine A cou)d induce rapid remission at steroid resistant severe ulcerative colitis patients resulting avoidance of colectomy. We tested the effectiveness of intravenous cyclosporine A therapy at steroid resistant severe ulcerative colitis patients in Korea, which has little experiences in the management of steroid resistant severe ulcerative colitis. Methods: Seven patients were included who were refractory to intravenous corticosteroids and total parenteral nutrition of at least 4 weeks duration. Their liver function tests and creatinine clearance tests were all normal. Cyclosporine A were administered by continuous intravenous methods over 6 hours or 24 hours. The starting doses of cyclosporine A were 4 mg/kg. The blood level was monitored by radioimmunoassay with a monoclonal antibody. The doses were adjusted at blood level from 100 ng/ml to 400ng/ml. In one patient cyclosporine A was administered for only 4 days because of rapid aggravation and consequent emergency operation. In another 6 patients cyclosporine A were administered for 14 days. Results: Four patients revealed scores of less than 10 by clinical activity scores system. But, in spite of improvement by scores, 3 patients of above 4 responders exhibited persistent gross hematochezias at frequencies of more than 3 times a day. Therefore operations were recommended in 6 patients. But one patient refused operation and is under OPD follow up with oral cyclosporine A and corticosteroids medications but he exhibits persistent gross hematochezia at a frequency of 3 or 4 tirnes a day. Out of 5 patients who were operated, 4 patients were cured by operations but 1 patient died because of postoperational sepsis. Conclusions: We found that the intravenous cyclosporine A therapy produced some improvement by clinical activity scores in 4 patients out of 7 patients but induced clinical remission of gross hematochezia in only 1 patient. Therefore operation could be avoided in only 1 patient. This result suggests that the response of Korean patients to intravenous cyclosporine A therapy would be different from that of western people. However, many another studies, especially case control studies are required to clarify this possibility and to assign the proper role of intravenous cyclosporine A therapy in the manageent of patients with ulcerative colitis in Korea. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997; 30:58-65)
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