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왕립학회에 관한 논쟁을 통해서 본 17세기 후반 잉글랜드에서의 과학과 종교의 관계
주의돈 ( Joo Eui-don ) 영국사학회 2019 영국연구 Vol.41 No.-
This paper examines the debate over the Royal Society established in England in 1660. The Royal Society did not enquire into metaphysical problems, but explored the perceptible natural world and sought to develop useful skills and machines. The fellows of the Royal Society believed that their works would illustrate God’s power and wisdom and prove beneficial to their society. However, the critics of the Royal Society thought that the new philosophy supported by the society would destroy the existing system of learning and the Christian faith. This controversy shows that there were disagreements among the people of the day over the relationship between religion and natural science. The Royal Society did not discuss religious issues and accepted as fellows those who were interested in scientific researches regardless of their religious denomination. This militates against a close connection between the scientific exploration of the Royal Society and any certain denomination. The critics were worried that the new philosophy focusing on the material objects would undermine the traditional metaphysics which had been propping up the Christian faith. Thus, to fully understand the attitude of the contemporaries towards natural philosophy, we might also need to take their views of the traditional learning into consideration.
왕립학회의 생명연장 논의: 수혈을 중심으로, 1665-1669
주의돈 ( Joo¸ Eui-don ) 영국사학회 2020 영국연구 Vol.43 No.-
The purpose of this paper was to examine the Royal Society’s debate about blood transfusion in 1660s. Fellows of the Royal Society in England tended to think that blood transfusion could transfer physical and mental characteristics from one animal to another. This approach included the idea that a young animal’s blood could rejuvenate an old animal or person. In an experiment, they transfused a lamb’s blood into a man with a mild mental disability, with the expectation that the gentle lamb’s blood would calm the man’s spirit. On the other hand, a French physician Denis, who actively contributed to Philosophical Transactions published by the Royal Society, took a more medical approach to blood transfusion. He hoped that transfusion would prolong human life by curing many diseases, which were considered at the time to be caused by unhealthy blood. Denis, too, tried to cure a mad man but with a different but with a different assumption. He thought that madness was caused by the excessive heat of blood, so he meant to cool down the heat in order to cure him. It shows that Denis looked upon transfusion as a physiological treatment.