발터 벤야민의 문학적 메시아주의

조효원(Cho, Hyo-won) 계명대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 동서인문학 Vol.0 No.45

Walter Benjamin’s famous posthumous script “On the Concept of History” still remains somehow problematic and cryptic. One may, however, resolve the riddle of the text, if we focus on the aspect of Benjamin’s Messianism. It seems to be plausible that the concept and figure of “citation” is taken as a point of departure. Karl Kraus, the famous and prodigious writer in the fin-de-siecle Vienna, enormously influenced the mode and structure of Benjaminian thoughts and writings. As a constant reader of Kraus, Benjamin borrowed the esprit and strategy from the texts of Kraus ranging of newspaper articles to literary works. However, the core of these is to be found in the method of citation. One might summarize Benjamin’s citation-concept, which he renovated from the one of Kraus, in one short sentence: “The origin is the telos [Ursprung ist das Ziel].” This sentence is quoted from Kraus’ poetical works. In a critical essay about Kraus printed in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (1931), Benjamin analyzed Krausian practices of journalistic writings and constructed a trilogy, i. e. “cosmic man [Allmensch]”, “demon [Damon]”, and “nonhuman [Unmensch]”. “Nonhuman” reveals the essence of the enigmatic figure of Benjaminian historical thoughts, Angelus Novus. It has two contradictory faces: the destructive one and the childlike one. The central thesis presented in this article suggests that these ambivalent aspects of the new angel can be confirmed in the juxtaposition of the ‘real’ Kraus and the fictional character ‘Kraus’ who appears in the novel Jakob von Gunten by Robert Walser. The real Kraus presents the destructive aspect of the new angel and the fictional Kraus the transient and fugacious one. This very ambivalence of Angelus Novus is the core of Walter Benjamin’s Messianism.

비감각적 유사성과 가족유사: 벤야민과 비트겐슈타인의 언어철학

조효원 ( Hyo Won Cho ) 조선대학교 인문학연구소 2012 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.43

발터 벤야민과 루트비히 비트겐슈타인은 동시대인이다. 동일한 시대에 동일한 정치적 문화적 배경 하에서 살았다는 점에서 그러할 뿐 아니라, 똑같은 정신적분위기 안에서 호흡했다는 점에서 그러하다. 그러나 이들의 형이상학적 동시대성을 가장 또렷이 확인할 수 있는 지점은 무엇보다 언어이다. 이 글의 목표는 벤야민의 비감각적 유사성 이론과 비트겐슈타인의 가족유사성 이론 사이에 존재하는 상호연관성에 대해 해명하는 것이다. 이 글은 벤야민이 비트겐슈타인의 『논리-철학 논고』를 질투했을 가능성이 농후하다는 독일의 벤야민 연구가 데틀레프 쇠트커의 가설에 의지하여 다음과 같은 확장적 가설을 내세우려 한다. ``후기 비트겐슈타인 철학을 대표하는 『철학적 탐구』는 마치 벤야민의 비판적 물음("무엇이 해결되었을까?")에 대해 진지하고 성실하게 답변하기 위해 쓰여진 듯 보인다.`` 베를린 출신의 비평가가 언어를 (아주 특수한) 공간으로 표상한다면, 캠브리지의 철학자 는 언어를 도시에 비유한다. 다시 말해, 두 사람의 언어이론은 마치 도시처럼 다양한 양태와 밀도로 이루어진 특수한 공간을 상정하는 것이다. 우리는 이것을 특유한 낱말-장소론이라 명명할 수 있다. 이들은 생활세계 속의 구름인 낱말이 모종의 공간, 특유한 장소를 창출해낸다고 생각했다. 그리고 이러한 관점은 죽음의 가능성에 직결되어 있는 사물 세계, 피조물의 세계를 직시하는 관점과 직결된다. 요한 페터 헤벨이라는 경건주의적 작가를 좋아했던 이들은 피조물의 관점을 세계의 내면으로 들어가는 입구라고 보았다. 그런데 모든 피조물은 예외 없이 일그러진 피조물이다. 즉 일그러짐이라는 특징은 인간을 포함한 모든 피조물을 묶어주는 비감각적/가족적 유사성인 것이다. 이렇게 볼 때 사유의 중요한 과제는 사물의 말 없는 언어를 수용하여 이름으로 번역해 주는 것이 된다. 이것은 나 자신을 포함한 세상 만물을 오롯이 피조물로 바라본다는 뜻이다. 모든 인간과 사물은 일그러진 피조물이라는 점에서 유사하다. 이 세상의 모든 소리는 피조물의 (목)소리라는 점에서 비감각적/가족적으로 닮았다. 그리고 깨어진 파편들이 서로 닮았다고 말할 수 있는 것은 오직 전체의 차원에서 바라볼 때이다. 다시 말해 그것들은 모두 파편이라는 점에서만 닮았을 뿐이다. 이처럼 특수하고 유일무이한 닮음을 포착했다는 사실은 바로 벤야민과 비트겐슈타인 언어철학의 핵심을 이루며 또한 그들의 사유가 초현실적으로 조응하고 있음을 보여준다. Walter Benjamin and Ludwig Wittgenstein are contemporaries. Not only because they lived in the same period and had the almost same cultural background, but also they breathed in the exactly identical intellectual atmosphere, But what constructs their metaphysical contemporariness is first and foremost the issue of language (Sprache). This article aims to account for the correlation between the theories of unsensuous similarity (Benjamin) and of family resemblance (Wittgenstein). Espousing Detlev Schottker`s hypothesis that Benjamin highly envy Wittgenstein`s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, this essay suggests that we could read the masterpiece of Wittgenstein in the final years, Philosophical Investigation as if it were written earnestly to reciprocate Benjamin`s sacarstic question ("Was ist ``gelost``"?) which he inserted in his One-Way Street. This virtuoso of literature (Schrifttum) from Berlin regards the language as an idiosyncratic space, while the fastidious philosopher in Cambridge metaphorizes it as a kind of city (scape) that ist comprised of old and new streets, buildings, and many an alley. That is to say, the one who follows their theory of language could or should imagine a labyrinth like metropolis streets which have diverse intensity and modality. And we might name it word-place-model (Wortplatzlehre). Benjamin and Wittgenstein precisely figure force of words as peculiar clouds in lifeworld(Lebenswelt) out by presenting them as an agency producing the singular place or atmosphere. With reference to this conception, the creaturely perspective, with which many a jewish intellectual brings his unique thoughts out in fin de siecle and the Weimar period, emerges as very noteworthy. For it points the perishability of worldly things out, and, moreover, makes us see the arcane interior of them. All in favour of Johann Peter Hebel, the pietistical german author in 18th century, both of them credited the creaturely perspective with accessibility to the innermost secret of worldliness. And they found this secret at the disfigurement of all creatures. This specific mark constitutes the unsensuous similarity/family resemblance of all creatures including human beings. The mission of intellectuals of utmost importance, then, is to translate the silent language of things into names. It means that they consider all things in this world, even themselves too, fugacious creatures. All human beings and things resemble in terms of their distortedness. All sounds in this world echo each other, because they are voices of creature. And all things in this world are similar in aspect of their brokenness. But this brokenness can be perceived only in the dimension of the wholeness (das Ganze). That Benjamin and Wittgenstein together, but in each way, did grasp this idiosyncratic affinity(Verwandschaft) between human beings and things is the quintessence of their philosophy of language, and at this point we watch a kind of surreal correspondence between two different thinkers.

빅 데이터 활용사례를 통한 인사이트 추출의 효용성 평가 : 소셜미디어데이터를 중심으로

조효원(Cho Hyo-Won) 한국디자인학회 2012 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

심하게 흡수된 치조제에 Titanium 강화 Gore-Tex (TRG) 및 Titanium Mesh로 수직적 골증대술을 실시한 증례보고

김원직,윤경성,홍수련,최진경,이용욱,김동석,현종오,조효원,최지혜,정태웅,배윤기,권선규,최현준,이현수,양수남,Kim, Won-Jik,Yoon, Kyung-Sun,Hong, Su-Ryun,Choi, Jin-Kyung,Lee, Yong-Uk,Kim, Dong-Suk,Hyun, Jong-Oh,Cho, Hyo-Won,Choi, Ji-Hye,Jung, Tae-Woon 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2011 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.33 No.1

A severely vertical resorbed ridge is a significant challenge in implant dentistry. To solve this problem, several augmentation techniques, such as guided bone regeneration (GBR), onlay bone grafts, distraction osteogenesis, and ridge splitting techniques, have been proposed and used for several years. Among these methods, vertical ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration aims to build space and guide osteoblasts to this space to promote osteogenesis. The aim of guided bone regeneration is to maintain and stabilize the space and block the proliferation of adjacent soft tissue. In our hospital, we encountered a case of a woman in her forties with an atrophied mandible, who underwent implant surgery in the right mandible. Titanium reinforced Gore-Tex (TRG) was used to augment the mandible and titanium mesh was used in the left mandible. Favorable results were obtained. This report compares the two methods and reviews the relevant literature.