그린데이터센터 구현을 위한 공조/냉각 에너지 성능분석 프로그램 개발 및 기후대별 대안평가에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),박우평(Park, Woo-Pyoung),신승호(Shin, Seung-Ho),이진영(Lee, Jin-Young) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.7

Data centers can consume up to 40 times as much electricity as standard office spaces. In an average data center, 40% of the electricity is consumed by the cooling system. This paper provides an overview of best practices for energy-efficient green data center design which spans the categories of IT environmental conditions, cooling systems. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a GDCEET: green data center energy evaluation tool that may be used by engineers and designers to assess the effectiveness and economic benefits of energy-saving cooling system under different climatic conditions. The developed tool is focused on energy consumption characteristics of data center cooling systems. The optimal green data center models were also derived by using evaluation tool and predict the PUE(power usage efficiency) under a wide range of IT operating conditions and different climate. It is anticipated that the developed tool will facilitate the integration of energy efficiency in green data center design and construction.

기후대별 병원건물의 병실 공조시스템의 에너지소비 특성에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),문정환(Moon, Jung-Hwan),이규남(Rhee, Kyu-Nam),강호석(Kang, Ho-Suk) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.3

Recently hospitals have consumed tremendous energy approximately twice compared to general buildings all over the world. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems are the major parts of energy consumption in hospitals. This research evaluates energy consumption characteristics of HVAC systems, with the aim of establishing a common idea for the analysis of hospital building energy efficiency. The objective of this study is to evaluate four different types of HVAC system applied to patient rooms located at three different climate regions that may be used by engineers and designers to assess the effectiveness of HVAC systems. Because of a recommended minimum outdoor air change rate for healthcare facilities, the energy consumption increases. Two all-air system (CAV and VAV) and two water-air system (FCU and active chilled beam with DOAS) were selected by investigating the design cases. In this paper, the HVAC system is evaluated for a patient room using TRNSYS joint with a system design process and simplified system’s energy evaluation methodologies. It was found that the active chilled beam with DOAS can be reduced the primary energy by approximately 20% compare with CAV system. Furthermore the study found that dominant factor can be reduced the energy of HVAC system in hospital facilities was how to decrease the OA load.

최적 IT 환경제어를 위한 데이터센터의 공기분배(공조)시스템 선정에 관한 연구

조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),정차수(Jeong Cha-Su),김병선(Kim Byung-Seon) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.3

A critical goal of a data center cooling system is to separate the equipment exhaust air from the equipment intake air in order to prevent equipment from overheating. This separation also significantly increases the efficiency and capacity of the cooling system. When equipment power density increases, the corresponding increase in exhaust air volume and intake air volume makes it more difficult to prevent equipment from drawing exhaust air from itself or neighboring equipment into its intake. Cooling systems for data centers are primarily differentiated in the way they distribute air. Air supply systems have 4, and air return systems have 3 different configurations which can be combined to create 12 basic types of cooling systems. But the 6 combinations of flooded and locally ducted distribution make up the vast majority of all installations except fully ducted air distribution methods. Once the air distribution system is selected, there are other elements that must be integrated into the system design. These include layout of racks in alternating rows, location of CRAC/CRAH units, quantity and location of vents, sizing of ductwork and proper internal configuration of racks. In this research, the design parameters and IT environmental aspects of cooling system were studied with a multi-megawatt data center. CFD simulation analysis was carried out in order to compare the heat removal efficiency combined with six types of air distribution systems by Star-CD simulation program. And IT environment of actual operating data center is surveyed. A method for planning and design of the appropriate air distribution system was described. IT professionals versed in precision air distribution mechanisms, components and configurations can work more effectively with HVAC/cooling engineers to ensure the specification and design of optimized cooling solutions.

사무소 건물의 HVAC&R 시스템 에너지소비 특성 및 구성 시스템별 영향도 평가에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),신승호(Shin, Seung-Ho),김종헌(Kim, Jong-Hurn) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.11

HVAC&R(Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration) system consists of components and equipment arranged in sequential order to condition the air, to transport it to the conditioned space, and to control the indoor environmental parameters of a specified within required limits. It is the most energy consuming building services representing approximately 50% of the final energy use in the building sector. The purpose of this study is to provide the energy saving strategies and it is a main target in the development of HVAC&R system design guideline. Although there is a large number of building simulation tools available, these tools are mainly used for thermal load calculations in view of sizing of HVAC&R systems. This work is to research and enable useful applications of HVAC&R energy analysis tool for the integrated low-energy building design support. This paper discusses the results of system impact assessment for energy consumption characteristic of office buildings. A prototype commercial building, a 37,000㎡ office building, was selected for the energy simulation and for each HVAC&R set, total 960 variables could be identified. The results of the analysis are presented as percent changes in total cooling and heating energy consumption from an established baseline.

고밀도 데이터센터의 층간 슬래브 결로발생 평가사례에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),박상현(Park Sang-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.9

Recently, the condensation of floor slab often occurring in data centers is an important problem because IT equipments are particularly sensitive to high humidity levels. This work aims to study the indoor environment conditions favourable for surface condensation of high-density data centers. The risk for occurrence of surface condensation depends mainly on the surface energy balance and on the moisture content of the ambient air. This paper describes an evaluation tool for assessing condensation risk and the effect of remedial measures, and presents a method to solve these problems by using IES4D VE energy model. This measure of condensation risk is calculated for two zones (between IT server rooms and office areas) from air temperatures, moisture generation and ventilation rates. Because of different environment conditions and air conditioning period of time, the risk of surface condensation between two zones will be high. We analyzed insulation factors and cooling conditions of IT server room, and predicted the change of indoor temperature to find the cause of the condensation state. The results show that the application of floor slab insulation can substantially increase the lowest inside surface temperature, temperature difference ratio and inside air humidity for preventing surface condensation.

사무소 건물 HVAC&R 시스템의 에너지 효율화 사례연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),우경헌(Woo, Kyung-Hun),박우평(Park, Woo-Pyoung),신승호(Shin, Seung-Ho) 한국지열·수열에너지학회 2013 한국지열에너지학회논문집 Vol.9 No.1

HVAC&R systems are the most energy consuming building services representing approximately half of the final energy use in the building sector. Despite their significant energy use, there is a lack of a consistent and homogeneous framework to efficiently guide research, mainly due to the complexity and variety of HVAC&R systems but also to insufficient rigour in their energy analysis. This research reviews energy consumption of HVAC&R systems with the aim of establishing a common idea for the analysis of energy efficiency. The paper focuses on energy flow of the HVAC&R which include air-conditioning, transport and heat generation system for low-energy buildings.

최적 IT 환경제어를 위한 데이터센터의 냉각(열원)시스템 선정에 관한 연구

조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),정차수(Jeong Cha-Su),김병선(Kim Byung-Seon) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.12

Today's data centers require precise, stable environments for sensitive IT equipments to operate optimally. As the latest computing equipment becomes smaller and uses the same or even more electricity than the equipment it replaced, more heat is being generated in data centers. There are 4 basic ways to collect and transport heat from the IT environment to the outdoor environment such as air cooled systems, glycol cooled systems, water cooled systems and chilled water systems. Each method uses the refrigeration cycle to transport or pump heat. When designing or selecting cooling system of data center, the existing facility infrastructure, the total power level of the installation, the geographical location, the physical constraints of the building and initial installation/operating costs should also be considered. In this research, the design parameters and economical aspects of cooling system were studied with the largest multi-megawatt data center that is recently completed in Korea. Energy simulation analysis was carried out in order to compare the energy consumption combined with four basic cooling systems by TRNSYS simulation program and energy saving effects of water-side economizer systems are reviewed. A method for planning and design of the appropriate cooling system was described. IT professionals versed in precision cooling mechanisms, components and configurations can work more effectively with HVAC/cooling engineers to ensure the specification and design of optimized cooling solutions.

데이터센터의 합리적인 환경제어를 위한 공기분배 시스템에 대한 연구

조진균(Jin-kyun Cho),차지형(Ji-hyoung Cha),홍민호(Min-ho Hong),연창근(Chang-kun Yeon) 대한설비공학회 2008 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.2

The cooling of data centers has emerged as a significant challenge as the density of IT server increases. Server installations, along with the shrinking physical size of servers and storage systems, has resulted in high power density and high heat density. The introduction of high density enclosures into a data center creates the potential for "hot spots" within the room that the cooling system may not be able to address, since traditional designs assume relatively uniform cooling patterns within a data center. The cooling system for data center consists of a CRAC or CRAH unit and the associated air distribution system. It is the configuration of the distribution system that primarily distinguishes the different types of data center cooling systems, this is the main subject of this paper.

국내 초고층 공동주택의 냉방부하 저감을 위한 외부차양 적용성 및 에너지 분석에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),유창우(Yoo Chang-Woo) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.12

External shading devices are used to provide solar protection for building glazed surfaces. In this paper, a feasibility study of exterior shading devices applied to different facades of a building is carried out, for different orientations. The simultaneous impact of shading device properties on building cooling demand was calculated using a thermal simulation module. Building energy requirements for a building in the cooling seasons is quantified for different shading areas, under climatic conditions of Korea. Also, solar load and cooling energy were calculated using DOE-2.1E energy modeling, whereas the model for the shading geometry study was solved with ECOTECT software. The interactions between solar heat gain and cooling energy use in perimeter spaces were evaluated as a function of shading parameters, depending on climatic conditions and orientation. Both horizontal and panel layouts were considered and mock-up test was also done. The results show that the integration of shading devices in the building leads to indoor comfortable thermal conditions and may lead to significant energy savings, by comparison to a building without shading devices.

[자유기고] 미국의 그린 데이터센터 소개

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun) 대한건축학회 2013 建築 Vol.57 No.12