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1
Phosphorylation Properties of Recombinant OsCPK11, a Calcium-dependent Protein Kinase from Rice

Il-Sang Cho(조일상),Su-Hee Lee(이수희),Chung-Mo Park(박충모),Sung-Ha Kim(김성하) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.12
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 DBpia
식물에서, 칼슘-의존적 단백질 카이네즈(CDPKs)는 Ca2+ 신호전달에서 중요한 Ca2+ 수용체이다. 벼(Oryza sativa L.)의 CDPKs인 3개의 OsCPKs는 생물정보에 대한 분석이 이루어졌으나, OsCPK11 유전자는 연구가 완전히 수행되지 않았다. 다양한 조직에서 OsCPK11 유전자가 전사수준에서 발현한다는 것은 알려져 있으나, 단백질 수준에서 발현과 생화학적인 특징은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이 연구는 OsCPK11의 몇 가지 생화학적 특징을 알아보기 위해 이루어졌다. 먼저 in vitro에서 E. coli를 이용하여 GST-OsCPK11를 발현시키고, 카이네즈 활성 측정과 칼슘-의존적 단백질 카이네즈로서 OsCPK11의 생화학적 분석도 수행하였다. OsCPK11은 스스로 자가인산화하며, Ca2+의 존재 하에서 기질로서 histone III-s와 MBP로 인산기 전달 작용을 수행한다. 재조합 OsCPK11의 활성은 Mg2+에 의해 영향을 받으며, pH 7.0-7.5에서 최적의 활성을 보인다. 또한 OsCPK11의 활성은 높은 수준의 Ca2+가 존재하는 조건에서는 Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+의 영향을 받지 않는다. 또한 OsCPK11의 자가인산화는 OsCPK11의 Ca2+ 민감도를 감소시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로, OsCPK11의 N-말단 다양화 지역으로 토끼 항체를 만들었고, immunoblot을 기초로 polyclonal antibody는 95.5 kD의 GST-OsCPK11를 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 벼의 Ca2+ 매개 신호전달에서 OsCPK11의 기능을 더 잘 이해하는데 도움을 줄 것이며, 심화 연구를 위해 다양한 OsCPKs의 단백질 정보를 결정하는 것이 필요할 것이다. In plants, calcium (Ca2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are important sensors of Ca2+ signals. Previous research demonstrated the expression of the OsCPK11 gene in various tissues at the transcription level, but its developmental and biochemical functions at the protein level were not determined. This study was aimed to identify biochemical characteristics of OsCPK11. GST- OsCPK11 was expressed in E. coli and used for an in vitro kinase assay. Biochemical analyses identified OsCPK11 as a CDPK. OsCPK11 autophosphorylated itself and transphosphorylated histone III-s and MBP as substrates in the presence of Ca2+. The activity of the recombinant OsCPK11 was influenced by Mg2+, with optimum activity detected at pH 7.0-7.5. OsCPK11 activity was not affected by Mg2+, Mn2+, or Na+ in the presence of a high level of Ca2+. Autophosphorylation of OsCPK11 decreased Ca2+ sensitivity of OsCPK11. An anti-OsCPK11 rabbit antibody recognized 95.5 kD of GST-OsCPK11, as shown by an immunoblot analysis. These results shed light on the function of OsCPK11 in Ca2+-mediated signaling in rice.
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조선조공예품(朝鮮朝工藝品)에 나타난 기하문(幾何紋)에 대한 연구(硏究)

조일상 ( Il Sang Cho ),박수철 ( Soo Chul Bark ),오천학 ( Cheon Hak Oh ),김택훈 ( Taek Hoon Kim ) 東亞大學校附設石堂傳統文化硏究院 1978 石堂論叢 Vol.2 No.-
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The current idea of modern technology is gradually tending to attempt simplification rather than complexity. Accordingly, at the formative nature, it used the formation of brief and clear straight line pursuing the shape. At the decoration, it is going to use mainly the abstract geometrycrest being natural and abbreviated than realistic crest. According to the transition of the modern formation, in our traditional crest pattern, after extracted and classified the geometry-crest and research the formative characteristic to create the situation of utilization to the modern technologic design is seemed to have the sense of making modern individual design in restoring the local peculiar characteristic. In order to the point view, at this manuscript, I investigated geometric crest pattern of those spots, lines, Buddhist cross, symbol of the YEM and YANG, Thunder bolt, Turtel shell and patterns of Turtel shell which showed mainly in those Ornamental patterns on Rice cakes, Wooden blocks, Gold foil, Patterns of Pillow`s side, Ceramic and Turtel shell, in consideration with the significance of utilization as suitable decorative element to the modern technologic formation for its feeling emotion of free, simplicity and wild attraction showing variously the object figured with the geometry-crest showed in the industrial products of Chosun generation. Especially, in the generation of Chousun reign, geometrycrests were figured at material decoration as the formation of basic crest and belt-crest, and the spot-crest are transmitted enough of life emotion for they have good figure and size. Line crest possesse endless variety according to the line`s size, length, direction and space of repeating, Buddhist cross, Turtel shell, Thunder bolt, Symbol of the YEM and YANG. Patterns of Turtel shell are also found that they have the specialized formative elements which could display variously of decorative organization Accordingly, at this essay, I tried to classify and fomalize systematically of the geometry-crest after investigation of the sense of geometric crest, and I classified it according to the object figured. I had investigated the speciality, and tried to make and investigation for the utility of geometry-crest in expressing the instance or utilized modern Korean industrial products. Accordingly I am again recognized the significant value of the geometry crest exposed reign`s industrial products as modern technologic design, and at the point in the chosun of utilization with the view of variety, there need more research and investigation for the element of development to enjoy abundant life by human being. At the point of view, this manuscript, even immatured, would analize and organize our traditional geometric crest which would create the function of future beauty.

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