Optimal Determination of the Fabrication Parameters in Focused Ion Beam for Milling Gold Nano Hole Array

조은별,권희민,이희선,여종석,Cho, Eun Byurl,Kwon, Hee Min,Lee, Hee Sun,Yeo, Jong-Souk The Korean Vacuum Society 2013 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.22 No.5

집속 이온빔 장비는 나노크기의 패턴을 제작하는 한 방법이지만, 정밀한 제작은 쉽지 않다. 그러므로 집속 이온빔 장비로 샘플을 제작할 때 고려해야 하는 공정 조건을 정리하여 초보자도 샘플제작이 가능하도록 도움을 주고자 한다. 본 장비로 원하는 나노크기의 패턴을 제작하기 위해서 집속 이온빔 장비의 공정변수들을 최적화 하는 과정이 중요하다. 가공할 때 고려해야 하는 변수에는 빔 전류량(빔 크기)과 도즈(빔 지속시간)가 있다. 도즈를 결정한 후에 패턴을 제작하는데 걸리는 시간과 패턴의 크기를 고려하여 빔 전류량을 선택하면 된다. 여기서 도즈는 제작하려는 나노크기의 패턴의 금속 두께에 따라 결정이 된다. 이 논문에서 최적화한 1 pA의 빔 전류와 $0.1nC/{\mu}m^2$의 도즈의 공정조건에서 100 nm 두께의 금 박막 위에 타원형의 구멍을 정밀하게 제작할 수 있다. Though focused ion beam (FIB) is one of the candidates to fabricate the nanoscale patterns, precision milling of nanoscale structures is not straightforward. Thus this poses challenges for novice FIB users. Optimal determination in FIB parameters is a crucial step to fabricate a desired nanoscale pattern. There are two main FIB parameters to consider, beam current (beam size) and dose (beam duration) for optimizing the milling condition. After fixing the dose, the proper beam current can be chosen considering both total milling time and resolution of the pattern. Then, using the chosen beam current, the metal nano hole structure can be perforated to the required depth by varying the dose. In this experiment, we found the adequate condition of $0.1nC/{\mu}m^2$ dose at 1 pA Ga ion beam current for 100 nm thickness perforation. With this condition, we perforated the periodic square array of elliptical nano holes.

경혈학실습 체제적 교수설계를 위한 RPISD 모형 적용 연구

조은별,김재효,홍지성,Cho, Eunbyul,Kim, Jae-Hyo,Hong, Jiseong 경락경혈학회 2022 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.39 No.3

Objectives : Instructional design is the systematic approach to the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of learning materials and activities. We aimed to apply the rapid prototyping to instructional systems design (RPISD) in meridianology laboratory, a subject in which students train acupuncture to develop lesson plan. Methods : The needs of the stakeholders including client, subject matter expert and students were analyzed using the performance needs analysis model. Task analysis was implemented by observation and interview. First prototype was drafted and implemented in meridianology laboratory class once. The second prototype was modified from the first, by usability evaluation of the stakeholders. Results : The client requested an electronically documented manual to improve the quality of acupuncture training. The learner requested an extension of practice time and detailed practice guidelines. The main problems of students' performance were some cases of violation of clean needle technique, the lack of communication between the operator and recipient in direct, and lack of confidence in their own performance. Stakeholders were generally satisfied with the proposed first prototype. Second prototype of lesson plan was produced by modifying some contents. Conclusions : A lesson plan was developed by applying the systematic RPISD model. It is expected that the developed instructional design may contribute to the quality improvement of meridianology laboratory education.

공최(LU6)를 활용한 치질치료의 근거에 대한 문헌고찰

조은별 ( Eunbyul Cho ),김청수 ( Cheoung Su Kim ),남연경 ( Yeonkyeong Nam ),권오상 ( O Sang Kwon ),양승범 ( Seung Bum Yang ),김재효 ( Jae-hyo Kim ) 경락경혈학회 2021 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.38 No.4

Objectives : Acupoint LU6 (Gongchoe) is known as an acupoint for the treatment of pain and bleeding caused by hemorrhoids. The purpose of this study was to critically review acupoint LU6 for treating hemorrhoids. Methods : We searched both ancient and modern literature of acupuncture and moxibustion using keywords “Gongchoe” and “hemorrhoids”. We further performed an online ancient literature search for crosscheck. The searched literature was stratified by country (Korea, China, and Japan), and data were organized chronologically. Concerning literature related to hemorrhoids, data based on acupuncture treatment were compiled. Results : The bone proportional measurement of the forearm had been 12.5 cun until the Qing Dynasty but was recorded as 10 cun in “Shinkyushinzui,” and the majority of modern Japanese and Korean literature indicated it as 10 cun. Gongchoe for treating hemorrhoids has been reported in the literature, including “Shinkyushinzui” (Japan, 1941), “Shiyoungzongguo-zhenjiujingxuexue” (Taiwan, 1963), “Gyeonghyeolhak” (Korea, 1971), and “Jinzhenmeihuashichao” (China, late Qing dynasty), but except “Jinzhenmeihuashichao”, the location is different from the World Health Organization (WHO) standard acupoint location as it is 7 cun from the wrist out of 10 cun of the forearm bone proportional measurement. In addition, classical guides published until the Qing Dynasty did not report acupoint LU6 for the treatment of hemorrhoids. Conclusions : It is necessary to distinguish between Gongchoe in “Shinkyushinzui” and LU6 in WHO standard acupuncture point locations. Gongchoe (LU6)’s primary treatment for hemorrhoids has not been described in the classical literature, and further clinical evidence is needed to support it. When using Gongchoe for hemorrhoids, we should consider that the location of Gongchoe is closer to the LU5 than the standard acupuncture point locations and it is meaningful not only for treatment but also for diagnosis.

Sauve-Kapandji 수술 후 한방재활치료에 대한 증례보고

조은별(Eun-Byul Cho),금지혜(Ji-Hye Geum),백동기(Dong-Gi Baek),이정한(Jung-Han Lee) 척추신경추나의학회 2019 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report the clinical progress of a patient exposed to a Sauve-Kapandji procedure after being diagnosed with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint and was treated using Korean medicine rehabilitation treatment. Methods : During the admission period, the patient was treated with acupuncture, cupping, herbal medicine, and Chuna therapy. The clinical progress was assessed by using range of motion(ROM), manual muscle test(MMT), numeric rating scale(NRS), and pain disability index(PDI). Results : After receiving the above treatments, the active ROM and motor grade of the elbow, wrist, and finger joints were improved; the NRS and PDI were decreased. Conclusions : Although this is a single case report, Korean medicine rehabilitation treatment, including Chuna manual therapy, might be an effective intervention for a patient after being exposed to a Sauve-Kapandji procedure.

골절에 한약을 적용한 한의학 증례보고 문헌고찰

조은별(Eun-Byul Cho),심상송(Sang-Song Shim),한용민(Young-Min Han),안재윤(Jae-Yoon Ahn) 대한모유수유한의학회 2020 nipple confusion,breastfeeding consultation,IBCLC, Vol.1 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this literature review was to research fracture cases treated with herbal medicine in Korea. The analysis was focused on the fracture site, outcome measure, herbal medicine decoction and medicinal herbs. Methods: We searched case reports of fractures treated with Korean medicine, published since 2011 until 2020 November, in five Korean databases. The key words Fracture (in Korean and English) and Case (in Korean) were used to obtain the data. Studies that did not use herbal medicine and studies that did not indicate medicinal herbs were excluded. Results: Numeric rating scale or visual analog scale were used in 34 cases. Among the 35 case reports, the most used herbal medicine, Dangguisu-san was reported in 8 cases. Sipjeondaebo-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, Samul-tang were used in 3 cases. Common reasons for using the herbal medicine were pain and swelling control (20 cases), bones and muscles strengthening ( 17 cases), blood circulation (15 cases), and bone healing ( 6 cases). Conclusion: In Korean medical case reports, imaging tests and various evaluation methods are used to diagnose fractures. Appropriate treatment methods and herbal medicine prescriptions are used according to the patient s symptoms and the stage of fracture healing. Various case reports of fractures and additional experimental, clinical studies on the specific effects of herbal medicines on the bone fusion process are needed in the future.

『땃뜨바쌍그라하』 1213-1217에서 분별(kalpanā)의 의미

조은별(Cho, Eunbyeol) 불교학연구회 2019 불교학연구 Vol.61 No.-

디그나가(Dignāga, ca. 480-540) 이후 불교도들은 지각(現量, pratyakṣa)을 정의할 때, ‘분별을 배제한 것’(kalpanāpoḍha)이라는 견해를 기본적으로 유지한다. 이후 다르마끼르띠(Dharmakīrti, ca. 600-660)는 지각이 분별을 배제한 것일 뿐만 아니라 ‘착오가 아닌 것’(abhrānta)이라고 덧붙이며, 또한 분별에 대해서는 ‘언어표현을 가진 인식’이라고 설명한다. 지각과 분별에 대한 다르마끼르띠의 부가적 정의는 이후 다양한 해석학적 논의를 발생시킨다. 샨따락쉬따(Śāntarakṣita, ca. 725-788)의 『땃뜨바쌍그라하』(Tattvasaṃgraha)와 그에 대한 까말라쉴라(Kamalaśīla, ca. 740-795)의 주석에서는 ‘언어표현을 가진 인식’이라는 정의를 해명하는 데 상당한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 특히 이들은 문법학자 바르뜨르하리(Bhartṛhari, ca. 450-510)의 『바꺄빠디야』(Vākyapadīya)에 나타난 견해를 차용하여, 언어표현을 직접적으로 동반하지 않더라도 분별이 작동하고 있다는 사실을 다음 세 가지 근거를 통해 확립한다. (1) 말을 배우지 않은 아기들도 분별을 통한 활동방식(itikartavyatā)에 익숙하다. (2) 생각하고 상상하는 등의 분별은 언어에 의해 꿰뚫린 것처럼 그 필연적인 관계가 부정될 수 없다. (3) 분별에 의해서 언어와 지시대상이 고정적 관계를 맺고 있는 것처럼 보이는 언어사용(vyavahāra)이 발생한다. 이를 통해 그들은 언어표현이 실제적으로 나타나지 않는 영역까지 분별의 외연을 더욱 폭넓게 설정하고 있으며, 궁극적으로는 언어와 지시대상의 관계가 착오(bhrānta)에 기반하고 있다는 점을 밝힌다. 이러한 접근은 디그나가가 불교 인식논리학을 체계화한 이후로 발생한 불교 안팎의 쟁점들을 수렴하여 통합적인 이론적 틀을 제시하려는 시도로 볼 수 있다. The perception (pratyakṣa) is generally considered to be a means of valid cognition (pramāṇa) but its definition (lakṣaṇa) varies across Indian intellectual traditions. After Dignāga (ca. 480-540), Buddhists basically accepted the definition of perception that it is free from conceptualization (kalpanāpoḍha; Pramāṇasamuccaya 1.3c). Dharmakīrti (ca. 600-660) follows Dignāga s definition in his Pramāṇavārttika 3; however, in the Nyāyabindu 1.4-5 and the Pramāṇaviniścaya 1.4a-c, he states perception is not only free from conceptualization but also non-erroneous (abhrānta). In addition, Dharmakīrti defines conceptualization (kalpanā) as cognition with verbal expression (abhilāpinī pratītiḥ). The Tattvasaṃgraha (TS) of Śāntarakṣita (ca. 725-788) and its commentary, the Tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā (TSP) of Kamalaśīla (ca. 740-795) made significant efforts to explain Dharmakīrti s definition of conceptualization. In particular, they explained that conceptualization functions even in cognition without verbal contents by borrowing the views expressed Vākyapadīya chapter 1 Brahmakāṇḍa of Bhartṛhari (ca. 450-510). In TS 1214-1217, Śāntarakṣita establishes that conceptualization is directly or indirectly related to verbal expression on the following three points: (1) Even an infant who has not learned to speak is accustomed to the behavior pattern (itikartavyatā). (2) The linguistic nature of conceptual activities such as thinking and imagining cannot be denied. (3) The use of language (vyavahāra) in which word and its referent seems to have a fixed relationship is caused by conceptualization. In this manner, Śāntarakṣita extended the scope of conceptualization. According to him, conceptualization is not just cognition with verbal expression, but it encompasses speechless cognition since conceptualization occurs as if having verbal expression (sābhilāpeva; TS 1214).

피아노듀오중심 음악치료프로그램이 장애⋅비장애아동의 형제관계 및 상호작용에 미치는 영향

조은별(Eun-Byul Cho),문소영(Soyoung Moon) 한국음악치료심리재활학회 2022 음악치료심리재활연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구는 피아노듀오중심 음악치료프로그램이 장애⋅비장애아동의 형제관계 및 상호작용에 미치는영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 만 18세 미만의 발달장애판정을 받은 아동과 비장애아동으로구성된 형제 3쌍으로 선정하였다. 피아노듀오중심 음악치료프로그램은 단일집단으로 2017년 1월 7일부터2017년 4월 8일까지 주 1회 총 12회기씩, 한 회기 당 40분씩 진행하였으며, 프로그램 전후로 사전-사후검사를실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 비장애아동이 지각한 형제관계와 어머니가 지각한 형제관계가 전반적으로 증가된모습을 보였다. 형제 C의 어머니가 지각한 형제관계의 경우 12% 감소되는 변화율을 보였으나 하위영역으로나누어 살펴 볼 때 형제 C의 경우 경쟁의식 및 부정성 점수가 감소되어 형제간 상호작용에 변화가 나타났음을도출하였다. 이를 통해 피아노듀오중심 음악치료프로그램이 장애⋅비장애아동의 형제관계 및 상호작용에영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하며 음악치료분야에서 피아노듀오의 치료적 사용 및 장애⋅비장애아동이 함께하는 프로그램의 기초 연구로써 의의를 둔다. This study analyzes the effects of piano duo-based music therapy program on the sibling relationships and interactions of disabled and non-disabled children. For the research, three pairs of siblings consisting of children under the age of 18 with developmental disabilities and non-disabled children were selected. Using single-subject research design, total 12 sessions of a 40-minute the piano duo-based music therapy program were provided once a week for from Jan. 7th 2017 to Apr. 8th. Pre- and post-tests were performed before and after the program. The result of this study suggests that there was an general improvement in the scores for sibling relationships reported by the non-disabled children and the mothers. Sibling relationships score reported by the mothers from pair C decreased by 12%; however, pair C still showed decrease in scores for negative domains especially the sense of rivalry/competition score indicating a lower level of negativity in their sibling relationship. In conclusion, the study proves that piano duo-based music therapy program can influence the sibling relationships and interactions of disabled and non-disabled children. The study attempted to provide a basis for further researches investigating programs for disabled and non-disabled children’s sibling relationships and the therapeutic use of piano duo-based program.

지역보건기관 치과위생사 직무교육훈련 요구도 조사

조은별 ( Eun Pyol Cho ),김영남 ( Young Nam Kim ),황윤숙 ( Yoon Sook Hwang ),박덕영 ( Deok Young Park ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2009 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the needs of dental hygienists in local health institutions for on-the-job training in an attempt to develop more systematic and effective on-the-job training programs geared toward local dental health care workers. Method: The subject population of this study were 1,244 dental hygienists who worked in local health institutions. A survey was conducted across the nation during a two-month period of time from October to December 2006. And the answer sheets from 811 respondents were analyzed. Results: The vast majority of the investigated dental hygienists never underwent on-the-job training for oral health projects over the past two years. Those who underwent the training viewed it favorably as they found it to be conducive to their job performance. In general, they hoped to get the training every two years, and they preferred educational institutions such as local colleges as a place for that training. As for preference for learning contents, they wanted to receive education on student oral health projects the most. Most of the respondents felt the need for each type of oral health project specified by the current law. Specifically, they considered it more necessary to learn about oral health education projects, fissure sealing, planning and evaluation of oral health projects, school oral health projects, senior oral health projects, preschool oral health projects and oral health publicity activities. Conclusions: The above-mentioned findings showed the definite needs of dental hygienists in local health institutions for on-the-job training. Development of needs-related and continuous on-the-job training course with proper interval is required.

학술연구와 소셜 빅데이터의 창의성에 대한 인식 비교 : 텍스트마이닝을 활용한 주제어 분석을 중심으로

조은별(Cho, Eunbyul),민지연(Min, Jiyeon),박수원(Park, Soowon) 한국창의력교육학회 2020 창의력교육연구 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 학술연구를 중심으로 구축된 형식지와 소셜 빅데이터를 중심으로 형성된 암묵지를 비교하여 창의성에 대한 인식을 확인하고, 창의성 연구의 방향을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 주제어 ‘창의성’으로 검색되는 학술연구와 웹페이지의 텍스트를 수집하여 텍스트마이닝을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 창의성에 관한 학술연구의 형식지와 소셜 빅데이터의 암묵지는 다른 양상을 나타냈다. 빈도 분석 결과, 학술연구에서는 창의성 교육과 관련된 단어가, 소셜 빅데이터에서는 인지적 능력으로서 창의성 및 창의성이 적용되는 다양한 분야와 관련된 단어가 높은 빈도를 보였다. 유사도 분석 결과, 학술연구에서는 창의성이 다양한 관점을 고려하며 기존의 정렬 방식에서 벗어나 이루어지는 의사결정력과 유사한 의미로 인식되었고, 소셜 빅데이터에서는 문제의 근본적 쟁점을 집념을 가지고 다루는 능력, 지식을 표상하는 능력과 유사하게 인식되었다. 토픽 모델링 결과, 학술연구는 창의성 발현 기제 및 교육과 관련된 5개 주제로 정리되었고, 소셜 빅데이터는 기업 및 정부 주도 사업과 같이 구체적인 해결 과제가 부여된 맥락에서의 창의성과 관련된 7개 주제로 정리되었다. 창의성에 대한 형식지와 암묵지의 차이는 우리 사회의 창의성에 대한 지식 구축과 활용에 제약이 될 수 있다. 연구 결과를 종합하여, 창의성에 대한 형식지와 암묵지 간의 순조로운 변환을 통해 창의성과 관련된 지식 구축과 활용이 활성화되기 위한 방안을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study was to verify the perception of creativity by comparing explicit knowledge built around academic articles and tacit knowledge (or explicit knowledge) formed around social big data and to seek the future direction of creativity research. Using text-mining techniques, we analyzed text of academic articles and web-sites about ‘creativity’. The results of frequency analysis showed that keywords about creativity education showed the highest frequency in academic article whereas ‘creativity as cognitive ability’ and ‘kinds of field or domain to be needed creativity’. To find the meaning of ‘creativity’ in the context of each dataset, words with the highest similarities with ‘creativity’ were examined. The results of similarity analysis revealed that ‘various perspectives’, ‘rearrange’, and ‘decision making’ showed the highest similarity in academic articles, whereas ‘representation’ and ‘commitment’ emerged as the highest similarity in social big data. The topic modeling results showed that the main keywords of academic articles could be categorized into ‘direction of creativity development’, ‘effect of creativity education’, ‘development of creativity program’, ‘mechanisms of creativity’, and ‘social impact of creativity’, whereas the main topics in social big data were ‘competition for creative ideas’, ‘support system’, ‘government-level project’, ‘creative environment’, ‘corporate recruitment’, ‘government s direction of policy of creativity’, and ‘ability to cope with corporate crisis’. Finally, we suggested that the future theories and principles about creativity need to be identified and developed in through conversion between explicit and tacit knowledge of creativity.

AD-Census 기반 스테레오 비전 시스템의 효율적인 하드웨어 구조

조은별(Eunbyeol Cho),박태근(Taegeun Park) 한국통신학회 2017 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.42 No.6